scholarly journals The Use of Plant Biomass Pellets for Energy Production by Combustion in Dedicated Furnaces

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Greinert ◽  
Maria Mrówczyńska ◽  
Radosław Grech ◽  
Wojciech Szefner
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Optimum Material

Biomass combustion is technologically difficult. It is also problematic because of the necessity to manage the ash that is generated in the process. The combustion of biomass pellets is optimum when their moisture is 6–8%. The calorific value of pellets made from straw and willow wood (4:1) was 17.3–20.1 MJ∙kg−1. There were serious problems with burning this material caused by the accumulation and melting of bottom ash on the grate, which damaged the furnace. These problems with optimizing the biomass combustion process resulted in increased CO emissions into the atmosphere. It was shown that pelletization could also be used to consolidate the ash generated during the combustion process, which would eliminate secondary dust during transport to the utilization site. For this purpose, it was suggested to add binding substances such as bentonite and bran. The analysis showed that an optimum material for pelletization should contain, on average, 880 g of ash, 120 g of bentonite, 108 g of bran, and 130 g of water.

scholarly journals Effect of Paper Sludge and Dendromass on Properties of Phytomass Pellets

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Radovan Nosek ◽  
Alexander Backa ◽  
Peter Ďurčanský ◽  
Michal Holubčík ◽  
Jozef Jandačka
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Ash Melting

Woody and agricultural wastes are important fuels in many countries, and have the potential of being even more important in the future. The main problems of plant biomass combustion are low ash melting temperatures and increased emissions. The most widely used treatment to solve the problem of low ash melting point is blending a fuel with an additive. In this work, pellets were produced from wheat straw containing wood sawdust and paper sludge in the following proportions 40:40:20 and 45:45:10 (straw/sawdust/paper sludge). The purpose of this work was to study the influence of sludge and dendromass on the straw pellet parameters and combustion process. The highest calorific value of 15.71 MJ kg−1 was registered for a sample with a 10% paper sludge concentration. The effectiveness of paper sludge was proved, and the ash melting temperature was increased from 1025 to 1328 °C for the same sample.

scholarly journals THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF FOREST BIOMASS WASTES PRODUCED DURING COMBUSTION IN A BOILER SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reny Aldo Henne ◽  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Bianca Schveitzer ◽  
Viviane Aparecida Spinelli Schein
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Combustion Residues

ABSTRACT It is known that during the biomass combustion in industrial systems the formation of residues containing ashes and residual carbon occurs. The content of the residues varies according to the efficiency and operating parameters of the combustion chambers. The characterization of these residues is an essential tool to identify their potential for energy reuse. The aim of this paper was to analyze the thermal behavior of the biomass and the residues yielded during the combustion process in a boiler system. For this purpose, forest biomass and ash samples have been analyzed in a laboratory and at four collection points of generation and treatment of the combustion residues (readler, hopper, scrubber, and decanter) inside the boiler of a power plant. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTA) have been carried out on all samples. Moreover, the ultimate analysis, the proximate analysis and the gross calorific value of all samples have been determined. Results show that the biomass burning efficiency in the boiler furnace was high, which was proven by the chemical composition and thermal degradation behavior of the residues collected in the readler. The scrubber’s light wastes presented chemical and energy properties (7180 kcal/kg, 75% fixed carbon content, 21% volatile content and 3.72% ash content), and thermal behavior similar to the ones found in the literature for eucalyptus charcoal. However, in order to reuse these combustion residues on reinjection or reheat systems, machine adjustments are essential to achieve burning efficiency and avoid operational problems. The decanter wastes did not show potential for energy reuse.

scholarly journals Characterization of residues from plant biomass for use in energy generation

CERNE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana Elis de Ramos e Paula ◽  
Paulo Fernando Trugilho ◽  
Alfredo Napoli ◽  
Maria Lúcia Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Fixed Carbon ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Plant Stem

The use of plant residues for energy purposes is already a reality, yet in order to ensure suitability and recommend a given material as being a good energy generator, it is necessary to characterize the material through chemical analysis and determine its calorific value. This research aimed to analyze different residues from plant biomass, characterizing them as potential sources for energy production. For the accomplishment of this study, the following residues were used: wood processing residue (sawdust and planer shavings); coffee bean parchment and coffee plant stem; bean stem and pod; soybean stem and pod; rice husk; corn leaf, stem, straw and cob; and sugar cane straw and bagasse. For residue characterization the following analyses were done: chemical analysis, immediate chemical analysis, calorific value and elemental analysis. All procedures were conducted at the Laboratory of Forest Biomass Energy of the Federal University of Lavras. In general, all residues showed potential for energetic use. Rice husk was found to have higher lignin content, which is an interesting attribute as far as energy production is concerned. Its high ash content, however, led to a reduction in calorific value and fixed carbon. The remaining residues were found to have similar energetic characteristics, with corn cob showing greater calorific value, followed by coffee plant stem, both also containing higher levels of carbon and fixed carbon. A high correlation was found of higher calorific value with volatile materials, carbon and hydrogen contents.

scholarly journals Biomass combustion produces ice-active minerals in biomass-burning aerosol and bottom ash

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 21928-21937
Author(s):  
Leif G. Jahn ◽  
Michael J. Polen ◽  
Lydia G. Jahl ◽  
Thomas A. Brubaker ◽  
Joshua Somers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
Biomass Burning Aerosol

Ice nucleation and the resulting cloud glaciation are significant atmospheric processes that affect the evolution of clouds and their properties including radiative forcing and precipitation, yet the sources and properties of atmospheric ice nucleants are poorly constrained. Heterogeneous ice nucleation caused by ice-nucleating particles (INPs) enables cloud glaciation at temperatures above the homogeneous freezing regime that starts near −35 °C. Biomass burning is a significant global source of atmospheric particles and a highly variable and poorly understood source of INPs. The nature of these INPs and how they relate to the fuel composition and its combustion are critical gaps in our understanding of the effects of biomass burning on the environment and climate. Here we show that the combustion process transforms inorganic elements naturally present in the biomass (not soil or dust) to form potentially ice-active minerals in both the bottom ash and emitted aerosol particles. These particles possess ice-nucleation activities high enough to be relevant to mixed-phase clouds and are active over a wide temperature range, nucleating ice at up to −13 °C. Certain inorganic elements can thus serve as indicators to predict the production of ice nucleants from the fuel. Combustion-derived minerals are an important but understudied source of INPs in natural biomass-burning aerosol emissions in addition to lofted primary soil and dust particles. These discoveries and insights should advance the realistic incorporation of biomass-burning INPs into atmospheric cloud and climate models. These mineral components produced in biomass-burning aerosol should also be studied in relation to other atmospheric chemistry processes, such as facilitating multiphase chemical reactions and nutrient availability.

scholarly journals Biomass as a raw material for energy production

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 251-255
Author(s):  
Michael Tsatiris ◽  
Kyriaki Kitikidou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

In this paper, the meaning of biomass is defined and it is explained why it is a potential source of energy. The utilization of biomass as an energy source is based on heat energy production during its combustion. The solar energy captured and stored by plants is released in the form of heat energy during the biomass combustion. The variables that affect the energy value (calorific value) of forest biomass involve the chemical composition, percentage of extractives, moisture content, ash content and density. Softwoods generally contain more energy than hardwoods on a dry weight basis, due to higher lignin content plus the presence of more resinous extractives. Lastly, the advantages and disadvantages of biomass as an energy source are analyzed: biomass is renewable and eco-friendly, but its efficiency is low.

VALUE INCREASING OF REJECT COAL WITH BIOMASS ADDING AS BIO-COAL BRIQUETTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Dyah Marganingrum ◽  
Lenny Marilyn Estiaty
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Ignition Time ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Physical Test ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Agglomeration Process ◽  
Strategic Solution ◽  
Index Value

Aim: This paper aims to explain the added value increasing method of reject coal which has not utilized by the company. Methodology and Results: The method to increase added value in this study used the agglomeration process of briquettes form that changing composition by adding biomass. The biomass functions to minimize bottom ash produced from burning briquettes so that the briquettes burn entirely. Stages processes in this study consist of characterization, briquetting, physical test, and chemical test. Based on the analysis, reject coal still has a high calorific value of 5,929 cal/gr. Shapes and sizes that were not following needs of coal market or consumer due to reject coal to be a waste. Briquettes have been successfully produced and meet specification requirements based on applicable regulations in Indonesia. Besides physical properties, the briquette meet density requirements which are greater than or equal to 1 gr/cm3 and shatter index value is less than 0.5%. The gas emission test shows below threshold, which is CO 0-30 ppm, H2S 0-3.6 ppm, and NOx is not detected. After evaluation, it showed that by adding 30% biomass, ignition time could be decreased and remaining unburned briquettes or bottom ash was reduced as much as 68.68%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The bio-coal briquettes is a strategic solution to environmental problems and alternative energy sources that are environmentally friendly, because CO and H2S emissions are still below the threshold, even for NOx not detected. Making Bio-coal briquettes as a solution to the utilization of reject coal mining waste to be used as an alternative energy source has been successfully carried out.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE CORROSION OCCURRENCE DURING BIOMASS COMBUSTION PROCESS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionel Pisa ◽  
Gheorghe Lazaroiu ◽  
Corina Radulescu ◽  
Lucian Mihaescu
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biomass Combustion

scholarly journals Tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia: three industrial crops for energy and hemicelluloses production

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Palma ◽  
Javier Mauricio Loaiza ◽  
Manuel J. Díaz ◽  
Juan Carlos García ◽  
Inmaculada Giráldez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Of Combustion ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Chamaecytisus Proliferus

Abstract Background Burning fast-growing trees for energy production can be an effective alternative to coal combustion. Thus, lignocellulosic material, which can be used to obtain chemicals with a high added value, is highly abundant, easily renewed and usually inexpensive. In this work, hemicellulose extraction by acid hydrolysis of plant biomass from three different crops (Chamaecytisus proliferus, Leucaena diversifolia and Paulownia trihybrid) was modelled and the resulting solid residues were used for energy production. Results The influence of the nature of the lignocellulosic raw material and the operating conditions used to extract the hemicellulose fraction on the heat capacity and activation energy of the subsequent combustion process was examined. The heat power and the activation energy of the combustion process were found to depend markedly on the hemicellulose content of the raw material. Thus, a low content in hemicelluloses resulted in a lower increased energy yield after acid hydrolysis stage. The process was also influenced by the operating conditions of the acid hydrolysis treatment, which increased the gross calorific value (GCV) of the solid residue by 0.6–9.7% relative to the starting material. In addition, the activation energy of combustion of the acid hydrolysis residues from Chamaecytisus proliferus (Tagasaste) and Paulownia trihybrid (Paulownia) was considerably lower than that for the starting materials, the difference increasing with increasing degree of conversion as well as with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis. The activation energy of combustion of the solid residues from acid hydrolysis of tagasaste and paulownia decreased markedly with increasing degree of conversion, and also with increasing temperature and acid concentration in the acid hydrolysis treatment. No similar trend was observed in Leucaena diversifolia (Leucaena) owing to its low content in hemicelluloses. Conclusions Acid hydrolysis of tagasaste, leucaena and paulownia provided a valorizable liquor containing a large amount of hemicelluloses and a solid residue with an increased heat power amenable to efficient valorization by combustion. There are many potential applications of the hemicelluloses-rich and lignin-rich fraction, for example as multi-components of bio-based feedstocks for 3D printing, for energy and other value-added chemicals.

scholarly journals Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4960
Author(s):  
Adam Koniuszy ◽  
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw ◽  
Cezary Podsiadło ◽  
Paweł Sędłak ◽  
Ewa Możdżer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

Biomass from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered a renewable energy source that can be converted into alternative fuel. Calorific syngas, a promising type of advanced fuel, can be produced through thermochemical biomass gasification. In this study, the suitability of cup plant biomass for gasification was assessed, including the process energy balance and environmental impacts of waste from syngas purification. Silphium perfoliatum L. was cultivated as a gasification feedstock in different conditions (irrigation, fertilization). The experiments were performed in a membrane gasifier. All obtained energy parameters were compared to the biomass yield per hectare. The toxic effects of liquid waste were assessed using tests analyzing germination/seed root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Leachates collected from condensation tanks of a gas generator were introduced to soil at the following doses: 100, 1000 and 10,000 mg kg−1 DM of soil. The usefulness of Silphium perfoliatum L. for gasification was confirmed. The factors of plant cultivation affected the biomass yield, the volume and calorific value of syngas and the amount of biochar. It was determined that the components found in condensates demonstrate a phytotoxic effect, restricting or inhibiting germination and root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Due to this potential hazard, the possibility of its release to the environment should be limited. Most of the biomass is only used for heating purposes, but the syngas obtained from the cup plant can be used to power cogeneration systems, which, apart from heat, also generate electricity.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cement Substitution by Biomass Fly Ash on the Polymer–Cement Composites Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Beata Jaworska ◽  
Dominika Stańczak ◽  
Joanna Tarańska ◽  
Jerzy Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Biomass Fly Ash

The generation of energy for the needs of the population is currently a problem. In consideration of that, the biomass combustion process has started to be implemented as a new source of energy. The dynamic increase in the use of biomass for energy generation also resulted in the formation of waste in the form of fly ash. This paper presents an efficient way to manage this troublesome material in the polymer–cement composites (PCC), which have investigated to a lesser extent. The research outlined in this article consists of the characterization of biomass fly ash (BFA) as well as PCC containing this waste. The characteristics of PCC with BFA after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing were analyzed. Our main findings are that biomass fly ash is suitable as a mineral additive in polymer–cement composites. The most interesting result is that the addition of biomass fly ash did not affect the rheological properties of the polymer–cement mortars, but it especially influenced its compressive strength. Most importantly, our findings can help prevent this byproduct from being placed in landfills, prevent the mining of new raw materials, and promote the manufacture of durable building materials.

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