scholarly journals Effect of Paper Sludge and Dendromass on Properties of Phytomass Pellets

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Radovan Nosek ◽  
Alexander Backa ◽  
Peter Ďurčanský ◽  
Michal Holubčík ◽  
Jozef Jandačka
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Wood Sawdust ◽  
Ash Melting

Woody and agricultural wastes are important fuels in many countries, and have the potential of being even more important in the future. The main problems of plant biomass combustion are low ash melting temperatures and increased emissions. The most widely used treatment to solve the problem of low ash melting point is blending a fuel with an additive. In this work, pellets were produced from wheat straw containing wood sawdust and paper sludge in the following proportions 40:40:20 and 45:45:10 (straw/sawdust/paper sludge). The purpose of this work was to study the influence of sludge and dendromass on the straw pellet parameters and combustion process. The highest calorific value of 15.71 MJ kg−1 was registered for a sample with a 10% paper sludge concentration. The effectiveness of paper sludge was proved, and the ash melting temperature was increased from 1025 to 1328 °C for the same sample.

scholarly journals The Use of Plant Biomass Pellets for Energy Production by Combustion in Dedicated Furnaces

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Greinert ◽  
Maria Mrówczyńska ◽  
Radosław Grech ◽  
Wojciech Szefner
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Optimum Material

Biomass combustion is technologically difficult. It is also problematic because of the necessity to manage the ash that is generated in the process. The combustion of biomass pellets is optimum when their moisture is 6–8%. The calorific value of pellets made from straw and willow wood (4:1) was 17.3–20.1 MJ∙kg−1. There were serious problems with burning this material caused by the accumulation and melting of bottom ash on the grate, which damaged the furnace. These problems with optimizing the biomass combustion process resulted in increased CO emissions into the atmosphere. It was shown that pelletization could also be used to consolidate the ash generated during the combustion process, which would eliminate secondary dust during transport to the utilization site. For this purpose, it was suggested to add binding substances such as bentonite and bran. The analysis showed that an optimum material for pelletization should contain, on average, 880 g of ash, 120 g of bentonite, 108 g of bran, and 130 g of water.

scholarly journals Investigation of Pellet Properties Produced from a Mix of Straw and Paper Sludge

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 5450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Nosek ◽  
Sebastian Werle ◽  
Aleksandra Borsukiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Żelazna ◽  
Grzegorz Łagód
Keyword(s):  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Paper Sludge ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Global Energy Consumption

Global energy consumption is increasing every year, and, despite their many negative impacts, fossil fuels are a major source of energy, but their reserves are gradually depleting. One of the promising but underutilized resources is plant biomass (phytomass). The main problem of plant biomass combustion is the low melting temperature of ash, but there are also problems with corrosion of heat exchangers and clogging of heat-exchanging surfaces. This work is concerned with the production of straw pellets in order to increase the melting temperature of ash by adding an additive. The paper sludge contains substances that can increase the melting point of ash and was therefore added to the pellet samples. This additive was mixed with straw in ratios from 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30 (straw/paper sludge). The use of paper sludge showed positive effects on increasing the melting temperature of the ash samples. The deformation temperature of the ash has already risen from 1020 to 1260 °C after the addition of 10% sludge, which is comparable to wood pellets.

scholarly journals Application of a Modeling Tool to Describe Fly Ash Generation, Composition, and Melting Behavior in a Wheat Straw Fired Commercial Power Plant

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Ibai Funcia ◽  
Fernando Bimbela ◽  
Javier Gil ◽  
Luis M. Gandía
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Cooling Effects ◽  
Entrainment Effect

Ash behavior is a key operational aspect of industrial-scale power generation by means of biomass combustion. In this work, FactSageTM 6.4 software was used to develop and assess three models of wheat straw combustion in a vibrating grate-fired commercial boiler of 16 MWth, aiming to describe the inorganic elements release as well as fly ash melting behavior and composition. Simulations were carried out solving four consecutive calculation stages corresponding to the main plant sections. Chemical fractionation was adopted in order to distinguish between reactive, inert and partially reactive biomass fractions. The developed models allow take into account different levels of partial reactivity, values of the temperature for each sub-stage on the grate, and ways to apply entrained streams based on data from the elemental analyses of the fly ashes. To this end, two one-week experimental campaigns were conducted in the plant to carry out the sampling. It has been found that considering chemical fractionation is indispensable to describe the entrainment of solid particles in the gas stream. In addition, the best results are obtained by adopting a small reactivity (2%) of the inert fraction. As for fly ash composition, the concentrations of the major elements showed good agreement with the results from the chemical analyses. In the case of S and Cl, calculations revealed a match with gas cooling effects in the superheaters as well as an entrainment effect. The melting behavior together with the presence of KCl and K2SO4 condensates, point out at possible corrosion phenomena in walls at temperatures of 700–750 °C.

scholarly journals THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF FOREST BIOMASS WASTES PRODUCED DURING COMBUSTION IN A BOILER SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reny Aldo Henne ◽  
Martha Andreia Brand ◽  
Bianca Schveitzer ◽  
Viviane Aparecida Spinelli Schein
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Boiler Furnace ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Combustion Residues

ABSTRACT It is known that during the biomass combustion in industrial systems the formation of residues containing ashes and residual carbon occurs. The content of the residues varies according to the efficiency and operating parameters of the combustion chambers. The characterization of these residues is an essential tool to identify their potential for energy reuse. The aim of this paper was to analyze the thermal behavior of the biomass and the residues yielded during the combustion process in a boiler system. For this purpose, forest biomass and ash samples have been analyzed in a laboratory and at four collection points of generation and treatment of the combustion residues (readler, hopper, scrubber, and decanter) inside the boiler of a power plant. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA and DTA) have been carried out on all samples. Moreover, the ultimate analysis, the proximate analysis and the gross calorific value of all samples have been determined. Results show that the biomass burning efficiency in the boiler furnace was high, which was proven by the chemical composition and thermal degradation behavior of the residues collected in the readler. The scrubber’s light wastes presented chemical and energy properties (7180 kcal/kg, 75% fixed carbon content, 21% volatile content and 3.72% ash content), and thermal behavior similar to the ones found in the literature for eucalyptus charcoal. However, in order to reuse these combustion residues on reinjection or reheat systems, machine adjustments are essential to achieve burning efficiency and avoid operational problems. The decanter wastes did not show potential for energy reuse.

scholarly journals Study on the Influence of mixed burning Sludge on slagging characteristics of easily slagging Coal

2020 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 01006
Author(s):  
Zhang Limeng ◽  
Dong Xinguang ◽  
Hou Fanjun ◽  
Zhao Zhonghua ◽  
Liu Ke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Coal Ash ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Aluminum Compounds ◽  
Sludge Ash

In this paper, combined with experiments and theoretical calculations, the effect of urban low-calorific value sludge on the slagging characteristics of easy-slagging coals is studied. The results show that when the melting point of sludge ash is lower than that of coal ash, the ash melting point of the mixture after the two blends will be lower than the melting point of raw coal ash. When SiO2 and Al2O3, which are relatively high in sludge, are used as single additives, the ash melting point of coal will first decrease and then increase. As the mixing ratio of sludge increases, coal ash slagging characteristics show a trend of gradual relief. For coals that are prone to slagging and rich in alkali metals, they can be appropriately mixed with sludge rich in silicon and aluminum compounds or additives to improve Slagging characteristics.

The Experimental Study of the Influence of Mg-Based Additives on Wheat Ash Melting Point

2012 ◽  
Vol 608-609 ◽  
pp. 392-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Chang Qing Dong ◽  
Jun Wei
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Ash Melting ◽  
Effective Additive ◽  
Straw Ash

In this paper, the influence of additives on the wheat straw ash melting point was studied. Four kinds of Mg-based additives are added to wheat ashes, including MgCl2•6H2O, MgO, MgSO4and C4H6O4Mg•4H2O. The results show that MgO is the most effective additives, MgCl2•6H2O and MgSO4in the next place, while C4H6Subscript textO4Mg•4H2O makes ash melting point decreased. The effective additive amount of the MgO, MgCl2•6H2O and MgSO4are: 0.35 g/g ash, 0.5 g/g ash, 0.75 g/g ash especially.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE CORROSION OCCURRENCE DURING BIOMASS COMBUSTION PROCESS

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1555-1560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ionel Pisa ◽  
Gheorghe Lazaroiu ◽  
Corina Radulescu ◽  
Lucian Mihaescu
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Biomass Combustion

scholarly journals Optimization of β-1,4-Endoxylanase Production by an Aspergillus niger Strain Growing on Wheat Straw and Application in Xylooligosaccharides Production

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2527
Author(s):  
Zahra Azzouz ◽  
Azzeddine Bettache ◽  
Nawel Boucherba ◽  
Alicia Prieto ◽  
Maria Jesus Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolases ◽  
Biomass Degradation ◽  
Xylan Hydrolysis ◽  
Rsm Optimization ◽  
Single Carbon Source

Plant biomass constitutes the main source of renewable carbon on the planet. Its valorization has traditionally been focused on the use of cellulose, although hemicellulose is the second most abundant group of polysaccharides on Earth. The main enzymes involved in plant biomass degradation are glycosyl hydrolases, and filamentous fungi are good producers of these enzymes. In this study, a new strain of Aspergillus niger was used for hemicellulase production under solid-state fermentation using wheat straw as single-carbon source. Physicochemical parameters for the production of an endoxylanase were optimized by using a One-Factor-at-a-Time (OFAT) approach and response surface methodology (RSM). Maximum xylanase yield after RSM optimization was increased 3-fold, and 1.41- fold purification was achieved after ultrafiltration and ion-exchange chromatography, with about 6.2% yield. The highest activity of the purified xylanase was observed at 50 °C and pH 6. The enzyme displayed high thermal and pH stability, with more than 90% residual activity between pH 3.0–9.0 and between 30–40 °C, after 24 h of incubation, with half-lives of 30 min at 50 and 60 °C. The enzyme was mostly active against wheat arabinoxylan, and its kinetic parameters were analyzed (Km = 26.06 mg·mL−1 and Vmax = 5.647 U·mg−1). Wheat straw xylan hydrolysis with the purified β-1,4 endoxylanase showed that it was able to release xylooligosaccharides, making it suitable for different applications in food technology.

scholarly journals Gasification of Cup Plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) Biomass–Energy Recovery and Environmental Impacts

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4960
Author(s):  
Adam Koniuszy ◽  
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw ◽  
Cezary Podsiadło ◽  
Paweł Sędłak ◽  
Ewa Możdżer
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

Biomass from cup plant (Silphium perfoliatum L.) is considered a renewable energy source that can be converted into alternative fuel. Calorific syngas, a promising type of advanced fuel, can be produced through thermochemical biomass gasification. In this study, the suitability of cup plant biomass for gasification was assessed, including the process energy balance and environmental impacts of waste from syngas purification. Silphium perfoliatum L. was cultivated as a gasification feedstock in different conditions (irrigation, fertilization). The experiments were performed in a membrane gasifier. All obtained energy parameters were compared to the biomass yield per hectare. The toxic effects of liquid waste were assessed using tests analyzing germination/seed root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Leachates collected from condensation tanks of a gas generator were introduced to soil at the following doses: 100, 1000 and 10,000 mg kg−1 DM of soil. The usefulness of Silphium perfoliatum L. for gasification was confirmed. The factors of plant cultivation affected the biomass yield, the volume and calorific value of syngas and the amount of biochar. It was determined that the components found in condensates demonstrate a phytotoxic effect, restricting or inhibiting germination and root elongation of Sinapsis alba. Due to this potential hazard, the possibility of its release to the environment should be limited. Most of the biomass is only used for heating purposes, but the syngas obtained from the cup plant can be used to power cogeneration systems, which, apart from heat, also generate electricity.

scholarly journals The Influence of Cement Substitution by Biomass Fly Ash on the Polymer–Cement Composites Properties

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3079
Author(s):  
Beata Jaworska ◽  
Dominika Stańczak ◽  
Joanna Tarańska ◽  
Jerzy Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Cement Composites ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Mineral Additive ◽  
Biomass Fly Ash

The generation of energy for the needs of the population is currently a problem. In consideration of that, the biomass combustion process has started to be implemented as a new source of energy. The dynamic increase in the use of biomass for energy generation also resulted in the formation of waste in the form of fly ash. This paper presents an efficient way to manage this troublesome material in the polymer–cement composites (PCC), which have investigated to a lesser extent. The research outlined in this article consists of the characterization of biomass fly ash (BFA) as well as PCC containing this waste. The characteristics of PCC with BFA after 3, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing were analyzed. Our main findings are that biomass fly ash is suitable as a mineral additive in polymer–cement composites. The most interesting result is that the addition of biomass fly ash did not affect the rheological properties of the polymer–cement mortars, but it especially influenced its compressive strength. Most importantly, our findings can help prevent this byproduct from being placed in landfills, prevent the mining of new raw materials, and promote the manufacture of durable building materials.

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