scholarly journals Verification of the Reliability of Offshore Wind Resource Prediction Using an Atmosphere–Ocean Coupled Model

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Minhyeop Kang ◽  
Kyungnam Ko ◽  
Minyeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wind Effect ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Wind Resource

An atmosphere–ocean coupled model is proposed as an optimal numerical prediction method for the offshore wind resource. Meteorological prediction models are mainly used for wind speed prediction, with active studies using atmospheric models. Seawater mixing occurring at sea due to solar radiation and wind intensity can significantly change the sea surface temperature (SST), an important variable for predicting wind resources and energy production, considering its wind effect, within a short time. This study used the weather research forecasting and ocean mixed layer (WRF-OML) model, an atmosphere–ocean coupled model, to reflect time-dependent SST and sea surface fluxes. Results are compared with those of the WRF model, another atmospheric model, and verified through comparison with observation data of a meteorological mast (met-mast) at sea. At a height of 94 m, the wind speed predicted had a bias and root mean square error of 1.09 m/s and 2.88 m/s for the WRF model, and −0.07 m/s and 2.45 m/s for the WRF-OML model, respectively. Thus, the WRF-OML model has a higher reliability. In comparing to the met-mast observation data, the annual energy production (AEP) estimation based on the predicted wind speed showed an overestimation of 15.3% and underestimation of 5.9% from the WRF and WRF-OML models, respectively.

scholarly journals Assessment of a Coastal Offshore Wind Climate by Means of Mesoscale Model Simulations Considering High-Resolution Land Use and Sea Surface Temperature Data Sets

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Kikuchi ◽  
Masato Fukushima ◽  
Takeshi Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Wind Climate

In this study, offshore wind climate assessments are carried out by using mesoscale model Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and validated by measurement at a demonstration site located 3.1 km offshore of Choshi. An optimal nudging method is investigated by using offshore and meteorological observations. The land-use datasets are then created from a higher-resolution land-use data by using a maximum area sampling scheme according to the horizontal resolution of the mesoscale model. Finally, the sea surface temperature datasets are corrected by observation data. It is found that the relative error of annual wind speed is reduced from 7.3% to 2.2% and the correlation coefficient between predicted and measured wind speed is improved from 0.80 to 0.84 by considering the effects of land-use and sea surface temperature.

The Validity of Allowing for Tidal Fluctuations in Offshore Wind Resource Predictions

2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demian Khan ◽  
David Infield
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Tidal Range ◽  
Offshore Wind Turbine ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
High Tidal Range ◽  
Wind Resource

Tidal action results in a rise and fall of the sea surface that effectively changes the position of an offshore wind turbine hub in relation to the wind shear profile. This effect is quantified using measured data from three offshore UK sites. Statistical evidence of the influence of tide on mean wind speed and turbulence is presented. The possibilities for improving correlation between onshore and offshore wind data are explored. It is found that improvements in correlation are negligible, even for high tidal range sites.

scholarly journals Clustering wind profile shapes to estimate airborne wind energy production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Schelbergen ◽  
Peter C. Kalverla ◽  
Roland Schmehl ◽  
Simon J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Profile ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Height Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Wind Resource

Abstract. Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems typically harness energy in an altitude range up to 500 m above the ground. To estimate the annual energy production (AEP), measured wind speed statistics close to the ground are commonly extrapolated to higher altitudes, introducing substantial uncertainties. This study proposes a clustering procedure for obtaining wind statistics for an extended height range from reanalysis data or long-term LiDAR measurements that include the vertical variation of the wind speed and direction. K-means clustering is used to identify a set of prevailing wind profile shapes that characterise the wind resource. The methodology is demonstrated using the Dutch Offshore Wind Atlas and LiDAR observations for the locations of the met masts IJmuiden and Cabauw, 85 km off the Dutch coast in the North Sea and in the center of the Netherlands, respectively. The resulting wind profile shapes and the corresponding temporal cycles, wind properties, and atmospheric stability are in good agreement with literature. Finally, it is demonstrated how a set of wind profile shapes and their statistics can be used to estimate the AEP of a pumping AWE system. For four or more clusters, the site specific AEP error is within a few percent of the converged value.

Offshore Wind Power Assessment on the East Coast of Saudi Arabia

2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 409-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shafiqur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
Prevailing Wind Direction ◽  
Wind Resource

This paper, to the best of author's knowledge, presents the first wind resource assessment for offshore-wind energy off the mainland coasts of Saudi Arabia, despite the onshore wind resource being known. The study utilized wind speed data from, in effect, an offshore meteorological station to study the annual and seasonal variation of wind speed, wind speed frequency distribution, energy yield and consequent opportunity for reduction in green house gases (GHG) emissions. These results were compared with contemporaneous data from a mainland location ∼ 10 km inland at the same longitude Energy yields were calculated using HOMER and RetScreen models. The annual mean wind measured at Abu Ali Island, the offshore location, was 5.43 m/s. This is larger than the 4.9 m/s measured over the same period at Abu Kharuf, the nearby inland location. Larger wind speeds were found in winter months than in summer months at both locations. At Abu Ali Island, the power of the wind could be extracted for 75% of the time at hub-height of 60 meters using modern wind machines of cut-in-speed 4 m/s, in comparison with 60% of time at Abu Kharuf. The prevailing wind direction was found to be North (N), North West (NNW) and North East (NNE).

scholarly journals Calibration of Reanalysis Data against Wind Measurements for Energy Production Estimation of Building Integrated Savonius-Type Wind Turbine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9017
Author(s):  
Andoni Gonzalez-Arceo ◽  
Maitane Zirion-Martinez de Musitu ◽  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Mario del Rio ◽  
Oscar Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Wind Resource

In this work, a cost-effective wind resource method specifically developed for the ROSEO-BIWT (Building Integrated Wind Turbine) and other Building Integrated Wind Turbines is presented. It predicts the wind speed and direction at the roof of an previously selected building for the past 10 years using reanalysis data and wind measurements taken over a year. To do so, the reanalysis wind speed data is calibrated against the measurements using different kinds of quantile mapping, and the wind direction is predicted using random forest. A mock-up of a building and a BIWT were used in a wind tunnel to perform a small-scale experiment presented here. It showed that energy production is possible and even enhanced over a wide range of attack angles. The energy production estimations made with the best performing kind of calibration achieved an overall relative error of 6.77% across different scenarios.

Wind Resource Assessment for the Kingdom of Bahrain

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanan Al Buflasa ◽  
David Infield ◽  
Simon Watson ◽  
Murray Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Measured Data ◽  
Shape Parameters ◽  
Main Island ◽  
Wind Resource Assessment ◽  
Mean Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Resource ◽  
Hourly Basis

The geographical distribution of wind speed (the wind atlas) for the kingdom of Bahrain is presented, based on measured data and on calculations undertaken using WAsP,. The data used were recorded by the Meteorological Directorate at a weather station situated at Bahrain International Airport, taken on an hourly basis for a period of time extended for ten years. These data indicate an annual mean wind speed of 4.6 m/s at 10 m height and mean Weibull scale and shape parameters C and k of 5.2 m/s and 1.9 respectively. At a typical wind turbine hub height of sixty metres, these values are extrapolated to 6.9 m/s, 7.8 m/s and 1.8 respectively, which suggests that the area has a good wind resource. The wind atlas shows that several locations in the less populated central and southern regions of the main island of the archipelago of Bahrain are potentially suitable for wind energy production.

scholarly journals Analysis of Local Air–Sea Interaction in East Asia Using a Regional Air–Sea Coupled Model

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Qian ◽  
Yao Suxiang ◽  
Zhang Yaocun
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Flux Evaporation

Abstract A regional air–sea coupled climate model based on the third regional climate model (RegCM3) and the regional oceanic model [the Princeton Ocean Model (POM)] is used to analyze the local air–sea interaction over East Asia in this study. The results indicate that the simulated sea surface temperature (SST) of the coupled model RegCM3–POM is reasonably accurate, and that the spatial pattern and temporal variation are consistent with that of the Global Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature dataset (GISST). The correlation between the SST and the atmospheric variables shows that the uncoupled model RegCM3 forced by the given SST cannot reproduce the real-time and SST lag correlation between SST and precipitation, and between SST and surface wind speed, whereas the relationship in the coupled model RegCM3–POM is reasonably accurate. RegCM3–POM reflects the air–sea interaction in the South China Sea and western Pacific Ocean, where the SST lead correlation is the inverse of the SST lag correlation between SST and precipitation, and strong winds bring warm water to the midlatitudes, so the correlation between wind speed and SST is negative in low latitudes and positive in the Kuroshio area. The uncoupled model fails to reproduce the effect of the atmosphere on the ocean. The further study on air–sea interaction in the South China Sea indicates that the earlier warm seawater corresponds to strong sensible heat flux, evaporation, precipitation, and weak net solar radiation, and the early strong sensible heat flux, evaporation, wind at the 10-m level, and weak net solar radiation cause the cold SST.

scholarly journals The mechanism of after-runner storm surge along the Northern coast of Vietnam

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4B) ◽  
pp. 208-216
Author(s):  
Nguyen Ba Thuy
Keyword(s):  
Wind Field ◽  
Pressure Field ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Storm Surges ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coast Of Vietnam

In this study, the mechanism of sea level rise along the Northern coast of Vietnam after the landfall of the Typhoon Kalmaegi (September/2014) at Quang Ninh province was analyzed based on the observation data and the results of a coupled model of surge, wave and tide (called SuWAT), by using asymmetric and symmetric wind and pressure fields. For the asymmetric wind and pressure field, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was used, while for the symmetric wind and pressure field, a parametric wind and pressure model was used. In the case using wind fields from the WRF model, the case that did not consider the effect of tail wind field after the typhoon landfall was also conducted in order to assess the role of the wind field before and after the typhoon landfall on the surge. The results showed that the case using wind and pressure field from the WRF model showed better agreement with observation data, because the WRF model well simulated the wind and pressure field before and after the typhoon landfall. The strong tail wind mainly caused the high surge in the area. This research result will be useful in warning and forecasting storm surges in the area.

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