scholarly journals Calibration of Reanalysis Data against Wind Measurements for Energy Production Estimation of Building Integrated Savonius-Type Wind Turbine

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9017
Author(s):  
Andoni Gonzalez-Arceo ◽  
Maitane Zirion-Martinez de Musitu ◽  
Alain Ulazia ◽  
Mario del Rio ◽  
Oscar Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Wind Resource

In this work, a cost-effective wind resource method specifically developed for the ROSEO-BIWT (Building Integrated Wind Turbine) and other Building Integrated Wind Turbines is presented. It predicts the wind speed and direction at the roof of an previously selected building for the past 10 years using reanalysis data and wind measurements taken over a year. To do so, the reanalysis wind speed data is calibrated against the measurements using different kinds of quantile mapping, and the wind direction is predicted using random forest. A mock-up of a building and a BIWT were used in a wind tunnel to perform a small-scale experiment presented here. It showed that energy production is possible and even enhanced over a wide range of attack angles. The energy production estimations made with the best performing kind of calibration achieved an overall relative error of 6.77% across different scenarios.

scholarly journals Efficient Direct-Drive Small-Scale Low-Speed Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Anant Kishore ◽  
Anthony Marin ◽  
Shashank Priya
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Portable Devices ◽  
Direct Drive ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractThere is growing need for the green, reliable, and cost-effective power solution for the expanding wireless microelectronic devices. In many scenarios, these needs can be met through a small-scale wind energy portable turbine (SWEPT) that operates near ground level where wind speed is of the order of few meters per second. SWEPT is a three-bladed, 40 cm rotor diameter, direct-drive, horizontal-axis wind turbine that has very low cut-in wind speed of 1.7 m/s. It operates in a wide range of wind speeds between 1.7 m/s and 10 m/s and produces rated power output of 1 W at wind speed of 4.0 m/s. The wind turbine is capable of producing electrical power up to 9.8 W at wind speed of 10 m/s. The maximum efficiency of SWEPT was found to be around 21% which makes it one of the most efficient wind turbines reported at the small scale and low wind speed. These advancements open many new opportunities for embedding and utilizing wireless and portable devices.

scholarly journals Practical electrical energy production to solve the shortage in electricity in Palestine and Pay Back period

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 4610
Author(s):  
Ahmed S A Badawi ◽  
Nurul Fadzlin Hasbullah ◽  
Siti Yusoff ◽  
Aisha Hashim ◽  
Mohammed Elamassie
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Electrical Energy Production

In this paper power energy had been estimated based on actual wind speed records in a coastal city in Palestine Ashdod. The main aims of this study to determine the feasibility of wind turbine and to estimate payback period. Therefore, to encourage investment in renewable energy in Palestine. The daily average wind speed data had been analyzed and fitted to the Weibull probability distribution function. The parameters of Weibull had been calculated by author using Graphical method the applied example wind turbine is 5kw wind turbine generator this is suitable turbine for small scale based on wind speed records on the coastal plain of Palestine. This study calculated the energy that can produce from wind turbine to estimate the revenue of any possible project in wind energy conversion system based on unit area. Energy has been calculated wind energy using two different method based on Weibull data and measured data. The total amount of energy for 2010 is 10749.8 kw.hr/m2 based on measured wind speed. Payback period for the project in wind energy turbines is around 3 years which make the generation electricity possible for small scale but not commercial. This study will lead to assess the wind energy production in Palestine to encourage investment in renewable energy sectors.

Small-Scale Wind Turbines Optimized for Class 2 Wind: A Wind Siting Survey and Annual Energy Production Analysis

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Burdett ◽  
Kenneth W. Van Treuren
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wind Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Site Survey

A crucial step in evaluating a potential location for a wind turbine, especially small-scale wind turbines, is a proper wind site survey. Eventually the wind site survey is used to calculate the annual energy production (AEP) of the wind turbine and determine if this location will be profitable. Generally, a wind classification of 3 or above is recommended for any wind turbine site, according to the U.S. Department of Energy. Wind Classes of 1–2 are not considered suitable; however, data suggests that a wind site with Class of 2 wind has the potential to be more cost effective than even the least expensive offshore wind and deserves consideration. Wind data usually exists at locations such as local airports; however, the height at which this data are taken is not representative of the heights at which wind turbines will be installed and thus, airport wind data should not be used. Also, with the variability in wind from location to location, the airport data are generally not near the potential site for the wind turbine and thus, are not useful. A local wind site survey generally entails a two year study of the site using a meteorological (MET) tower. Waco, TX is being studied for the application of small-scale wind turbines. Waco is in a Class 2 wind area; however, no proper wind survey had ever been accomplished. Such a study was undertaken using a MET tower of 100 ft with two anemometers at 100 ft, one anemometer at 75 ft and one anemometer at 50 ft. This paper will describe the potential of Class 2 wind as an energy source, the erection of the MET tower, collection of the data and analysis of the data for the potential of locating a small-scale wind turbine at the site. Techniques for analyzing data when two anemometers are present will be discussed. Focus will be on identifying invalid data with an emphasis on correcting this invalid data. The data from two anemometers was then used in a novel way to identify and correct the invalid data found at both the 75 ft and 50 ft elevations. A filtering technique has also been developed to help identify invalid data. Based on the results of the wind survey, it will be shown that it is feasible to purposely design wind turbine blades for Class 2 wind which will perform better than commercially available small-scale wind turbines.

scholarly journals Clustering wind profile shapes to estimate airborne wind energy production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Schelbergen ◽  
Peter C. Kalverla ◽  
Roland Schmehl ◽  
Simon J. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Profile ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Height Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Wind Resource

Abstract. Airborne wind energy (AWE) systems typically harness energy in an altitude range up to 500 m above the ground. To estimate the annual energy production (AEP), measured wind speed statistics close to the ground are commonly extrapolated to higher altitudes, introducing substantial uncertainties. This study proposes a clustering procedure for obtaining wind statistics for an extended height range from reanalysis data or long-term LiDAR measurements that include the vertical variation of the wind speed and direction. K-means clustering is used to identify a set of prevailing wind profile shapes that characterise the wind resource. The methodology is demonstrated using the Dutch Offshore Wind Atlas and LiDAR observations for the locations of the met masts IJmuiden and Cabauw, 85 km off the Dutch coast in the North Sea and in the center of the Netherlands, respectively. The resulting wind profile shapes and the corresponding temporal cycles, wind properties, and atmospheric stability are in good agreement with literature. Finally, it is demonstrated how a set of wind profile shapes and their statistics can be used to estimate the AEP of a pumping AWE system. For four or more clusters, the site specific AEP error is within a few percent of the converged value.

scholarly journals Dynamic Loads and Response of a Spar Buoy Wind Turbine with Pitch-Controlled Rotating Blades: An Experimental Study

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3598
Author(s):  
Sara Russo ◽  
Pasquale Contestabile ◽  
Andrea Bardazzi ◽  
Elisa Leone ◽  
Gregorio Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Wave Steepness ◽  
Design Factor

New large-scale laboratory data are presented on a physical model of a spar buoy wind turbine with angular motion of control surfaces implemented (pitch control). The peculiarity of this type of rotating blade represents an essential aspect when studying floating offshore wind structures. Experiments were designed specifically to compare different operational environmental conditions in terms of wave steepness and wind speed. Results discussed here were derived from an analysis of only a part of the whole dataset. Consistent with recent small-scale experiments, data clearly show that the waves contributed to most of the model motions and mooring loads. A significant nonlinear behavior for sway, roll and yaw has been detected, whereas an increase in the wave period makes the wind speed less influential for surge, heave and pitch. In general, as the steepness increases, the oscillations decrease. However, higher wind speed does not mean greater platform motions. Data also indicate a significant role of the blade rotation in the turbine thrust, nacelle dynamic forces and power in six degrees of freedom. Certain pairs of wind speed-wave steepness are particularly unfavorable, since the first harmonic of the rotor (coupled to the first wave harmonic) causes the thrust force to be larger than that in more energetic sea states. The experiments suggest that the inclusion of pitch-controlled, variable-speed blades in physical (and numerical) tests on such types of structures is crucial, highlighting the importance of pitch motion as an important design factor.

Hub height optimisation of commercial WTGs based on accurate wind resource analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2110227
Author(s):  
Kyle O Roberts ◽  
Nawaz Mahomed
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Capacity Factor ◽  
Resource Analysis ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Unique Maximum ◽  
Wind Measurements ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
Wind Resource

Wind turbine selection and optimal hub height positioning are crucial elements of wind power projects. However, in higher class wind speeds especially, over-exposure of wind turbines can lead to a reduction in power generation capacity. In this study, wind measurements from a met mast were validated according to specifications issued by IRENA and NREL. As a first step, it is shown that commercial WTGs from a database may be matched to the wind class and turbulence intensity. Secondly, a wind turbine selection algorithm, based on maximisation of capacity factor, was implemented across the range of WTGs. The selected WTGs were further exposed to an iterative algorithm using pointwise air density and wind shear coefficients. It is shown that a unique maximum capacity factor, and hence wind power generation, exists for a wind turbine, premised on its eventual over-exposure to the wind resource above a certain hub height.

Development and Field Testing of an Inclined Flanged Compact Diffuser for a Micro Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip Kale ◽  
S. N. Sapali
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Velocity ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Power Curves

Micro wind turbines installed in various applications, experience average wind speed for most of the time during operations. Power produced by the wind turbine is proportional to the cubic power of the wind velocity and a small increase in wind velocity results increases power output significantly. The approach wind velocity can be increased by covering traditional wind turbine with a diffuser. Researchers are continuously working to develop a compact, lightweight, cost effective and feasible diffuser for wind turbines. The present work carried out to develop a diffuser with these stated objectives. A compact, lightweight inclined flanged diffuser developed for a micro wind turbine. Bare micro wind turbine and wind turbine covered with developed efficient inclined flanged diffuser tested in the field as per International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards and results presented in the form of power curves. The prediction of annual energy production for both wind turbines determined as per IEC standards.

scholarly journals Numerical optimisation of a small-scale wind turbine through the use of surrogate modelling

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Erfort ◽  
Theodor Willem Von Backström ◽  
Gerhard Venter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Surrogate Model ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
B Splines ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Numerical Optimisation

Wind conditions in South Africa are suitable for small-scale wind turbines, with wind speeds below 7 m.s−1. This investigation is about a methodology to optimise a full wind turbine using a surrogate model. A previously optimised turbine was further optimised over a range of wind speeds in terms of a new parameterisation methodology for the aerodynamic profile of the turbine blades, using non-uniform rational B-splines to encompass a wide range of possible shapes. The optimisation process used a genetic algorithm to evaluate an input vector of 61 variables, which fully described the geometry, wind conditions and rotational speed of the turbine. The optimal performance was assessed according to a weighted coefficient of power, which rated the turbine blade’s ability to extract power from the available wind stream. This methodology was validated using XFOIL to assess the final solution. The results showed that the surrogate model was successful in providing an optimised solution and, with further refinement, could increase the coefficient of power obtained.

Computer Analysis of S822 Aerofoil Section for Blades of Small Wind Turbines at Low Wind Speed

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prachi R. Prabhukhot ◽  
Aditya R. Prabhukhot
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Blade Profile ◽  
Ansys Fluent ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Upward Direction ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Cfd

The power generated in wind turbine depends on wind speed and parameters of blade geometry like aerofoil shape, blade radius, chord length, pitch angle, solidity, etc. Aerofoil selection is the crucial factor in establishing the efficient wind turbine. More than one aerofoil in a blade can increase the efficiency further. Previous studies of different aerofoils have shown that efficiency of small scale wind turbine increases when NREL S822 aerofoil is used for wind speed on and above 10 m/s. This paper introduces a study on effect of low wind speed (V = 5 m/s) on performance of blade profile. Aerofoils NREL S822/S823 are used for microwind turbine with S823 near root and S822 near tip. Blade of 3 m radius with spherical tubercles over entire span is analyzed considering 5 deg angle of attack. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was carried out using ANSYS fluent to study the behavior of blade profile at various contours. The study shows that blade experiences maximum turbulence and minimum pressure near trailing edge of the tip of blade. The region also experiences maximum velocity of the flow. These factors result in pushing the aerofoil in upward direction for starting the wind turbine to rotate at the speed as low as 5 m/s.

Wind resource assessment and wind farm modeling in Mossobo-Harena area, North Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 0309524X2092540
Author(s):  
Addisu Dagne Zegeye
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Density ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Wind Energy Potential

Although Ethiopia does not have significant fossil fuel resource, it is endowed with a huge amount of renewable energy resources such as hydro, wind, geothermal, and solar power. However, only a small portion of these resources has been utilized so far and less than 30% of the nation’s population has access to electricity. The wind energy potential of the country is estimated to be up to 10 GW. Yet less than 5% of this potential is developed so far. One of the reasons for this low utilization of wind energy in Ethiopia is the absence of a reliable and accurate wind atlas and resource maps. Development of reliable and accurate wind atlas and resource maps helps to identify candidate sites for wind energy applications and facilitates the planning and implementation of wind energy projects. The main purpose of this research is to assess the wind energy potential and model wind farm in the Mossobo-Harena site of North Ethiopia. In this research, wind data collected for 2 years from Mossobo-Harena site meteorological station were analyzed using different statistical software to evaluate the wind energy potential of the area. Average wind speed and power density, distribution of the wind, prevailing direction, turbulence intensity, and wind shear profile of the site were determined. Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program was used to generate the generalized wind climate of the area and develop resource maps. Wind farm layout and preliminary turbine micro-sitting were done by taking various factors into consideration. The IEC wind turbine class of the site was determined and an appropriate wind turbine for the study area wind climate was selected and the net annual energy production and capacity factor of the wind farm were determined. The measured data analysis conducted indicates that the mean wind speed at 10 and 40 m above the ground level is 5.12 and 6.41 m/s, respectively, at measuring site. The measuring site’s mean power density was determined to be 138.55 and 276.52 W/m2 at 10 and 40 m above the ground level, respectively. The prevailing wind direction in the site is from east to south east where about 60% of the wind was recorded. The resource grid maps developed by Wind Atlas Analysis and Application Program on a 10 km × 10 km area at 50 m above the ground level indicate that the selected study area has a mean wind speed of 5.58 m/s and a mean power density of 146 W/m2. The average turbulence intensity of the site was found to be 0.136 at 40 m which indicates that the site has a moderate turbulence level. According to the resource assessment done, the area is classified as a wind Class IIIB site. A 2-MW rated power ENERCON E-82 E2 wind turbine which is an IEC Class IIB turbine with 82 m rotor diameter and 98 m hub height was selected for estimation of annual energy production on the proposed wind farm. 88 ENERCON E-82 E2 wind turbines were properly sited in the wind farm with recommended spacing between the turbines so as to reduce the wake loss. The rated power of the wind farm is 180.4 MW and the net annual energy production and capacity factor of the proposed wind farm were determined to be 434.315 GWh and 27.48% after considering various losses in the wind farm.

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