scholarly journals Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hosna Khajeh ◽  
Hannu Laaksonen ◽  
Amin Shokri Gazafroudi ◽  
Miadreza Shafie-khah

The serious problem of climate change has led the energy sector to modify its generation resources from fuel-based power plants to environmentally friendly renewable resources. However, these green resources are highly intermittent due to weather dependency and they produce increased risks of stability issues in power systems. The deployment of different flexible resources can help the system to become more resilient and secure against uncertainties caused by renewables. Flexible resources can be located at different levels in power systems like, for example, at the transmission-level (TSO), distribution-level (DSO) and customer-level. Each of these levels may have different structures of flexibility trading as well. This paper conducts a comprehensive review from the recent research related to flexible resources at various system levels in smart grids and assesses the trading structures of these resources. Finally, it analyzes the application of a newly emerged ICT technology, blockchain, in the context of flexibility trading.

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodríguez-García ◽  
Ribó-Pérez ◽  
Álvarez-Bel ◽  
Peñalvo-López

A transition to a sustainable energy system is essential. In this context, smart grids represent the future of power systems for efficiently integrating renewable energy sources and active consumer participation. Recently, different studies were performed that defined the conceptual architecture of power systems and their agents. However, these conceptual architectures do not overcome all issues for the development of new electricity markets. Thus, a novel conceptual architecture is proposed. The transactions of energy, operation services, and economic flows among the agents proposed are carefully analysed. In this regard, the results allow setting their activities’ boundaries and state their relationships with electricity markets. The suitability of implementing local electricity markets is studied to enforce competition among distributed energy resources by unlocking all the potential that active consumers have. The proposed architecture is designed to offer flexibility and efficiency to the system thanks to a clearly defined way for the exploitation of flexible resources and distributed generation. This upgraded architecture hereby proposed establishes the characteristics of each agent in the forthcoming markets and studies to overcome the barriers to the large deployment of renewable energy sources.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9449-9456

This paper proposes the reliability index of wind-solar hybrid power plants using the expected energy not supplied method. The location of this research is wind-solar hybrid power plants Pantai Baru, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The method to determine the reliability of the power plant is the expected energy not supplied (EENS) method. This analysis used hybrid plant operational data in 2018. The results of the analysis have been done on the Pantai Baru hybrid power plant about reliability for electric power systems with EENS. The results of this study can be concluded that based on the load duration curve, loads have a load more than the operating kW of the system that is 99 kW. In contrast, the total power contained in the Pantai Baru hybrid power plant is 90 kW. This fact makes the system forced to release the load. The reliability index of the power system in the initial conditions, it produces an EENS value in 2018, resulting in a total value of 2,512% or 449 kW. The EENS value still does not meet the standards set by the National Electricity Market (NEM), which is <0.002% per year. Based on this data, it can be said that the reliability of the New Coast hybrid power generation system in 2018 is in the unreliable category.


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Villaran ◽  
◽  
Meng Yue ◽  
Robert Lofaro ◽  
Athi Varuttamaseni ◽  
...  

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