scholarly journals Natural Gas or Algal Reef: Survey-Based Valuations of Pro-Gas and Pro-Reef Groups Specifically for Policy Advising

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Ju Chen ◽  
Sheng Ming Hsu ◽  
Shu-Yi Liao ◽  
Tsung-Chi Chen ◽  
Wei-Chun Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Environmental Issue ◽  
Pm 2.5 ◽  
Nonparametric Models ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
Algal Reef

Much energy-related construction causes environmental concern. Sometimes the environmental issue is so huge that it is difficult to make a policy decision even with the assistance of traditional valuation techniques. The third natural gas receiving station at Datan, Taiwan, is one example of this. The construction would be beneficial to energy security, economic development, and particulate matter (PM) 2.5 reduction. However, it would destroy a precious algal reef, which is a habitat for endangered species, biodiversity, and a unique ecological system. Thus, we used willingness-to-pay to show the strength of both pro-energy and pro-ecology opinions specifically to help with decision-making. First, respondents were asked to choose between the gas station and the reef. Then they were asked about their willingness to pay for that choice. We then estimated parametric/nonparametric models—traditional probit, structured probit, and Turnbull—to obtain reliable estimates. We found that the per-person value for pro-gas-station respondents was higher than that for pro-reef respondents, while the percentage of pro-reef respondents was higher than the percentage of pro-gas-station respondents. These results together form a clear policy implication for this case.

U.S. Regulatory Environment

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Susan J. Court
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
End Users ◽  
Regulatory Environment ◽  
Principal Role ◽  
The Third ◽  
Natural Gas Prices ◽  
New Construction ◽  
Rate Design

Decontrol of natural gas prices created more competition at the wellhead and the need for greater flexibility in the transportation rules to allow sales directly to end users and distribution without middlemen. In 1987, the Commission issued Order No. 500 which would end the disputes that had arisen by addressing three concerns: take-or-pay, contract demand adjustments, and ‘grand fathering’. The first and the most important was dealt with by a flexible crediting mechanism, the second eliminated and the third of insufficient importance to change the rules. Other issues about natural gas trade of concern to the Commission include: Marketing affiliates which threatened monopolistic practices that have required procedures to eliminate prohibitive practices and to deal with complaints: Rate design, which is the principal role of the Commissions that is treated on an individual basis; Certificate Proceedings for new construction that involve solving issues of rates and environmental impact.

scholarly journals A Hierarchical Optimisation of a Compressed Natural Gas Station for Energy and Fuelling Efficiency under a Demand Response Program

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Kagiri ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
Xiaohua Xia
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Lower Layer ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Criteria Air Pollutants ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Gas Station

Compressed natural gas stations serve customers who have chosen compressed natural gas powered vehicles as an alternative to diesel and petrol based ones, for cost or environmental reasons. The interaction between the compressed natural gas station and electricity grid requires an energy management strategy to minimise a significant component of the operating costs of the station where demand response programs exist. Such a strategy when enhanced through integration with a control strategy for optimising gas delivery can raise the appeal of the compressed natural gas, which is associated with reduced criteria air pollutants. A hierarchical operation optimisation approach adopted in this study seeks to achieve energy cost reduction for a compressed natural gas station in a time-of-use electricity tariff environment as well as increase the vehicle fuelling efficiency. This is achieved by optimally controlling the gas dispenser and priority panel valve function under an optimised schedule of compressor operation. The results show that electricity cost savings of up to 60.08% are achieved in the upper layer optimisation while meeting vehicle gas demand over the control horizon. Further, a reduction in filling times by an average of 16.92 s is achieved through a lower layer model predictive control of the pressure-ratio-dependent fuelling process.

AUSTRALIA'S PETROLEUM RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND IN THE 1970'S

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
M.C. Konecki ◽  
C.F. Gartland ◽  
A.G. Skeggs
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Black Coal ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Additional Production ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Australian Experience ◽  
Time Required

At the end of the third quarter of 1971, Australia's estimated remaining proven reserves of crude oil were 1,685 × 106 barrels, and of natural gas were 13.97 × 1012 cu. ft., with 273 × 106 barrels of condensate recoverable from natural gas.Additional quantities have been discovered, but not proved as yet. Australia's found petroleum resources at the beginning of the last quarter of 1971 would have approximated 3.000 × 106 barrels of hydrocarbon liquids, and 45 × 1012 cu.tf of natural gas, together representing a thermal value of 64 × 1015 BTU, or about 20% of the thermal value of Australia's recoverable black coal resources.Depletion of petroleum resources by production amounted to 10.14% of the initial proven reserves of crude oil, and 1.21% of natural gas proven reserves.About 73% of our found petroleum resources are in the Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments beneath the Gippsland and the Northwest continental shelves. Factors quoted by Weeks in favour of the offshore vis-a-vis the onshore seem to have been confirmed by Australian experience to date The production of crude oil from proven deposits in the period 1.10.71 to 31.12.79, estimated as 1,070 × 106, will fall short of the estimated demand of 2.170 × 106 barrels. Possible additional production from deposits discovered but not yet proven is not likely to make up this shortfall. No estimate of the likely cost, or time required, to discover additional crude oil deposits can be given.An additional problem concerns the supply of the products at the heavy end of the barrel, unless heavier type crudes are discovered.The greater portion of our found petroleum resources consists of natural gas and its liquids. Unlike crude oil, the potential production from these deposits could exceed local demands, which for the period 1971 to 1979 are estimated as 1.8 × 1012 cu. ft.

scholarly journals Requirements for Transparency and Communicability of Regulatory Science

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581881305
Author(s):  
A. Alan Moghissi ◽  
Richard A. Calderone ◽  
Camille Estupigan ◽  
Rae Koch ◽  
Kelsey Manfredi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Decision Process ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Regulatory Process ◽  
Regulatory Science ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Primary Reason ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Science And Policy ◽  
The Third

This article presents the results of a study attempting to provide examples that implement transparency and communicability elements of Ethical Rules Principle of Best Available Regulatory Science (BARS) and Metrics for Evaluation of Regulatory Science Claims (MERSC). It starts with an overview of regulatory science and briefly summarizes principles of BARS and key pillars of MERSC. Subsequently, the BARS/MERSC system is used to evaluate the linear nonthreshold (LNT) process used in cancer assessments and the similar process used for evaluating in particulate matter (PM) exposure. The study identifies 3 parts in dose–response curves, where the first part is reproducible science and the second part includes uncertainties and often requires the application of precautionary principle. The primary reason for disagreements on LNT and PM is a lack of recognition that the third part is based on desire of regulators to be protective, a policy decision process. Two PM epidemiological examples are included in this study to demonstrate the point. The regulatory process would benefit from recognizing the distinction between science and policy and excluding policy from regulatory science. Furthermore, the society would greatly benefit from increased transparency in the regulatory process and compliance with the Jeffersonian communication principle

scholarly journals Willingness to Pay for Wind versus Natural Gas Generation of Electricity

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-70
Author(s):  
Kofi Nkansah ◽  
Alan R Collins
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Choice Experiment ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Gas Generation ◽  
Alternative Policy ◽  
Per Capita

In 2009, West Virginia enacted an Alternative and Renewable Portfolio Act (APRA) to broaden its energy use for electricity beyond coal. A choice experiment survey was conducted to assess West Virginians’ willingness to pay (WTP) for 10 percent of electricity generated from wind energy versus natural gas. Results showed that residential consumers preferred electricity generated from wind, with annual per-capita WTP averaging from $19.25 to $26.75. Given the subsequent repeal of the APRA in 2015, we propose implementation of a voluntary green pricing program as an alternative policy to increase the share of renewable energy in West Virginia's energy portfolio.

«Undeserved Profit» Problem on Modern Russia’s Resource Markets

10.12737/3652 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Соловьев ◽  
S. Solovev ◽  
Белов ◽  
Dmitriy Belov ◽  
Протасьев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Gas Station ◽  
Commercial Accounting ◽  
Resource Markets

One of the main problems at commercial accounting of resources (natural gas, electric energy, heat, water) is discrepancy of registered volumes (quantity) of delivered (supplied) and consumed (paid) resource. Stated treats not only a resource, but also an accounting of deliveries related to any kind of goods which quantity is defined and considered by means of measuring tools (packaging of loose products, supply of gasoline from a plant at a gas station, its further realization to consumers, etc.). It is accepted to call a discrepancy of specified volumes as imbalance. Its consequence is either an incomplete settlement of consumers with a supplier (supplier’s damage and consumers’ “undeserved profit”), or, on the contrary, consumers’ overpayment for delivered resource (supplier’s “undeserved profit” and consumers’ damage). Therefore, the resource imbalance can be classified as one of the most important economic indicators of any resource supplying process since the economic efficiency of activity of companies and organizations delivering and realizing resources to consumers depends directly on the resource imbalance value.

scholarly journals The Green Deal and the Resilience of EU-Russian Energy Relations

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-123
Author(s):  
Tatiana Romanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Internal Constraints ◽  
The Third ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Energy Relations ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

In this article, the influence of the European Union’s (EU) Green Deal on its energy relations with Russia is analyzed. Two models of resilience are identified in the EU’s discourse. One aims at achieving resilience at the level of the EU’s energy sector (the “microsystem” for the purpose of this study) while destroying the system of EU-Russia relations (the “macrosystem”). The other aims at achieving resilience in the micro- and macrosystem at the same time. Empirically, the study relies on EU documents and speeches by its national and supranational representatives. Three cases are studied. The first covers competition of two models of resilience in the principles that the EU defined for its relations with Russia. The second case involves investments that slow down the development of renewable sources of energy in favour of natural gas. This case demonstrates how resilience can be achieved as a return to the previous pattern (bouncing back). Although it can be achieved both at the EU-only level and at the level of the EU and its relations with Russia, it clearly favours the latter. The third case involves the import of hydrogen, which creates possibilities for resilience both at the microsystem alone and at the micro- and macrosystems at the same time. This latter option is achieved through adaptation to new challenges (bouncing forward). The author concludes by comparing the two models of resilience. The model that prioritizes the microsystem’s resilience and challenges the macrosystem is based on the synthesis of environmental and geopolitical logics. The other model is based on economic and market logics, but the EU’s normative leadership is a prerequisite. The EU’s discourse demonstrates the viability of both models and related governance practices. Most likely, the two models will co-exist, but their relative importance will vary over time. This variation will be primarily determined by the EU’s internal constraints. However, Russia’s policy can facilitate the model of resilience, achieved in both the micro- and macrosystem.

scholarly journals Exploring the factors affecting purchase intention towards green packaged products of Indian consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 309 ◽  
pp. 01084
Author(s):  
Raj Karan Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
Green Packaging ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Positive Effect

Today, sustainable packaging has become an important way towards achieving the sustainable development by protecting the environment. This paper is an attempt to investigate the factors which affect the intention of Indian consumers towards green packaging, a packaging which is not harmful to the environment. This study considers three factors/ variables namely environmental concern, attitude towards green packaging and willingness to pay as independent variables and purchase intention of consumers towards green packaged products as dependent variable. The data have been collected from 111 respondents and have been analysed by using SPSS software. The correlation and regression analysis were performed to reach the conclusion that which factor affects how much towards consumers’ purchase intention of green packaged products. Findings of this study demonstrated that all the three variables (environmental concern, attitude towards green packaged products and willingness to pay) have a positive effect on the dependent variable (consumers’ intention towards green packaged products).

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