AUSTRALIA'S PETROLEUM RESOURCES, PRODUCTION AND DEMAND IN THE 1970'S

1972 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
M.C. Konecki ◽  
C.F. Gartland ◽  
A.G. Skeggs
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Black Coal ◽  
Potential Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Continental Shelves ◽  
Additional Production ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Australian Experience ◽  
Time Required

At the end of the third quarter of 1971, Australia's estimated remaining proven reserves of crude oil were 1,685 × 106 barrels, and of natural gas were 13.97 × 1012 cu. ft., with 273 × 106 barrels of condensate recoverable from natural gas.Additional quantities have been discovered, but not proved as yet. Australia's found petroleum resources at the beginning of the last quarter of 1971 would have approximated 3.000 × 106 barrels of hydrocarbon liquids, and 45 × 1012 cu.tf of natural gas, together representing a thermal value of 64 × 1015 BTU, or about 20% of the thermal value of Australia's recoverable black coal resources.Depletion of petroleum resources by production amounted to 10.14% of the initial proven reserves of crude oil, and 1.21% of natural gas proven reserves.About 73% of our found petroleum resources are in the Mesozoic and Tertiary sediments beneath the Gippsland and the Northwest continental shelves. Factors quoted by Weeks in favour of the offshore vis-a-vis the onshore seem to have been confirmed by Australian experience to date The production of crude oil from proven deposits in the period 1.10.71 to 31.12.79, estimated as 1,070 × 106, will fall short of the estimated demand of 2.170 × 106 barrels. Possible additional production from deposits discovered but not yet proven is not likely to make up this shortfall. No estimate of the likely cost, or time required, to discover additional crude oil deposits can be given.An additional problem concerns the supply of the products at the heavy end of the barrel, unless heavier type crudes are discovered.The greater portion of our found petroleum resources consists of natural gas and its liquids. Unlike crude oil, the potential production from these deposits could exceed local demands, which for the period 1971 to 1979 are estimated as 1.8 × 1012 cu. ft.

scholarly journals Development of new technologies for shipping natural gas by sea

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bortnowska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
The Third ◽  
Natural Gas Transport

Development of new technologies for shipping natural gas by sea In recent years dynamic increase of orders for ships intended for liquified natural gas (LNG) shipping has been observed with simultaneous trend of increasing their transport capability. This results from the fact that natural gas has become today the third energy source worldwide just next to crude oil and coal. The fast growth of demand for natural gas and its limited resources would cause growth of its price, therefore better solutions of natural gas transport technology with respect to economy, ecology and safety should be searched for. This paper presents various technologies for natural gas transport by sea with special attention paid to some alternative methods of transport, namely: CNG and NGH ransport technologies in contrast to LNG one.

Analyzing the financial and economic momentum as a result of changes in the interest rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656-1673
Author(s):  
V.V. Smirnov
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Central Bank ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
The Interest Rate

Subject. The article discusses financial and economic momenta. Objectives. I determine financial and economic momenta as the interest rate changes in Russia. Methods. The study is based on a systems approach and the method of statistical analysis. Results. The Russian economy was found to strongly depend on prices for crude oil and natural gas, thus throwing Russia to the outskirts of the global capitalism, though keeping the status of an energy superpower, which ensures a sustainable growth in the global economy by increasing the external consumption and decreasing the domestic one. The devaluation of the national currency, a drop in tax revenue, etc. result from the decreased interest rate. They all require to increase M2 and the devalued retail loan in RUB, thus rising the GDP deflator. As for positive effects, the Central Bank operates sustainably, replenishes gold reserves and keeps the trade balance (positive balance), thus strengthening its resilience during a global drop in crude oil prices and the COVID-19 pandemic. The positive effects were discovered to result from a decreased in the interest rate, rather than keeping it low all the time. Conclusions and Relevance. As the interest rate may be, the financial and economic momentum in Russia depends on the volatility of the price for crude oil and natural gas. Lowering the interest rate and devaluing the national currency, the Central Bank preserves the resource structure of the Russian economy, strengthens its positions within the global capitalism and keeps its status of an energy superpower, thus reinforcing its resilience against a global drop in oil prices.

Application of a master meter systemto assure crude oil and natural gas quality during transportation

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
pp. 1222-1228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Perisic ◽  
Marina Milovanovic ◽  
Ivana Petrovic ◽  
Ljiljana Radovanovic ◽  
Marko Ristic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas

scholarly journals Differential hydrocarbon enrichment in deep Paleogene tight sandstones of the Dongpu Depression in Eastern China

2021 ◽  
pp. 014459872098811
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Zhanli Ren ◽  
Youlu Jiang ◽  
Jingdong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Gas Reservoirs ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Hydrocarbon Charging ◽  
Dongpu Depression ◽  
Kerogen Pyrolysis

To clarify the characteristics and enrichment rules of Paleogene tight sandstone reservoirs inside the rifted-basin of Eastern China, the third member of Shahejie Formation (abbreviated as Es3) in Wendong area of Dongpu Depression is selected as the research object. It not only clarified the geochemical characteristics of oil and natural gas in the Es3 of Wendong area through testing and analysis of crude oil biomarkers, natural gas components and carbon isotopes, etc.; but also compared and explained the types and geneses of oil and gas reservoirs in slope zone and sub-sag zone by matching relationship between the porosity evolution of tight reservoirs and the charging process of hydrocarbons. Significant differences have been found between the properties and the enrichment rules of hydrocarbon reservoirs in different structural areas in Wendong area. The study shows that the Paleogene hydrocarbon resources are quasi-continuous distribution in Wendong area. The late kerogen pyrolysis gas, light crude oil, medium crude oil, oil-cracked gas and the early kerogen pyrolysis gas are distributed in a semicircle successively, from the center of sub-sag zone to the uplift belt, that is the result of two discontinuous hydrocarbon charging. Among them, the slope zone is dominated by early conventional filling of oil-gas mixture (at the late deposition period of Dongying Formation, about 31–27 Ma ago), while the reservoirs are gradually densified in the late stage without large-scale hydrocarbon charging (since the deposition stage of Minghuazhen Formation, about 6–0 Ma). In contrast, the sub-sag zone is lack of oil reservoirs, but a lot of late kerogen pyrolysis gas reservoirs are enriched, and the reservoir densification and hydrocarbon filling occur in both early and late stages.

Studies on the life-history of Bunostomum phlebotomum (Railliet, 1900), a hookworm parasite of cattle

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. A. Sprent
Keyword(s):  
Infective Larva ◽  
Stage Larva ◽  
Fourth Stage ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Cutaneous Blood ◽  
Fourth Stage Larva

A description is given of the processes of copulation, formation of the egg and spermatozoon, cleavage, embryogeny and hatching in B. phlebotomum. These processes were found to be essentially similar to those in other strongyle nematodes.The anatomy of the first three larval stages is described and the observations of Conradi & Barnette (1908) and Schwartz (1924) were largely confirmed.Penetration of the skin of calves by the infective larva was observed histologically. The larvae were found to have reached the dermis within 30 min. and to have penetrated the cutaneous blood vessels within 60 min. of application to the skin. The larvae were found in the lung where the third ecdysis was in progress 10 days after penetration of the skin. A description is given of the growth of the third-stage larva in the lung, the changes which take place during the third ecdysis, and the anatomy of the fourth-stage larva.The fourth-stage larvae exsheath in the lungs and travel to the intestine. After a period of growth in which sexual differentiation takes place, the fourth ecdysis occurs and the adult parasite emerges. The time required for the attainment of maturity was found to be somewhere between 30 and 56 days after penetration of the skin.This paper was written at the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Veterinary Laboratories, Wey-bridge, and the writer would like to express his gratitude to the Director, Prof. T. Dalling, also to Dr W. R. Wooldridge, chairman of the Council of the Veterinary Educational Trust for their help and encouragement. The writer's thanks are also due to Dr H. A. Baylis, Prof. R. T. Leiper and Dr E. L. Taylor for their advice and help on technical points, and to Mr R. A. O. Shonekan, African laboratory assistant, for his able co-operation.

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