scholarly journals A Review of Heat Pump Systems and Applications in Cold Climates: Evidence from Lithuania

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokas Valancius ◽  
Rao Martand Singh ◽  
Andrius Jurelionis ◽  
Juozas Vaiciunas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water

Similar to other cold climate countries, space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) accounts form the largest share of household energy demand in Lithuania. Heat pump technology is considered to be one of the environmentally friendly solutions to increase energy efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint of buildings. Heat pumps have been finding their way into the Lithuanian market since 2002, and currently there are many good practice examples present in the country, especially in the residential and public sectors. Heat pump use is economically advantageous in the Baltic Region, and the market share of these systems is growing. Studies have reported seasonal performance factor (SPF) ranges within 1.8 and 5.6. The lower SPF values are typically attributable to air source heat pumps, whereas the higher efficiency is achieved by ground or water source heat pump applications. While the traditional heat pump techniques are well established in the region, there is a slow uptake of new technologies, such as solar-assisted heat pumps, absorption heat pumps and heat pumps integrated into foundations, tunnels or diaphragm walls. This paper provides a critical review of different heat pump technologies, using Lithuania as a cold climate case study to overview the market trends within the European context. Potential trends for the heat pump technology development in terms of application areas, cost-benefit predictions, as well as environmental aspects, are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of location characteristics on renewable energy production for a group of buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00084
Author(s):  
Krystian Szczerbak
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Northern Regions

The climate in Poland is slightly disparate in each region. The differences in temperature not always come along with the intensity of solar radiation in 5 climate zones. South of the country is colder, but well irradiated by the Sun and northern regions have milder climate, but are less irradiated. This fact alone makes people consider the suitability and safety of using renewable energy sources such as air-to-water heat pumps, solar collectors and photovoltaics instead of more traditional, fossil fuel powered sources. This paper presents a comparison analysis of energy demand and the cost for heating in a group of single-family buildings by 4 variants (gas boiler, gas boiler and solar collectors, air-to-water heat pump, air-to-water heat pump and photovoltaics) in 5 chosen cities in each polish climate zone. Calculations were done for space heating and domestic hot water energy demand, CO2 emissions and cumulative costs for all variants and locations. The results confirm the inconsistency of polish climate and have shown profitability and utility of renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Cost-Optimal Plus Energy Building in a Cold Climate

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Firląg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Global Cost

The main objective of this article is to propose possible requirements for cost-optimal plus energy building in a cold, heating dominated climate. The open question is what is more cost-effective: reduction of energy demand or increase of production from renewable energy sources. The target of the research was to check which solution has the lowest investment and maintenance costs. The analysis was made for a single-family house located in central Poland, including three different energy standards: WT2021 with energy need for heating ≤100 kWh/(m² year), NF40 with energy need for heating ≤40 kWh/(m² year) and NF15 with energy need for heating ≤15 kWh/(m² year)). Air and ground source heat pumps were used as a heat source and a photovoltaic system for the production of the electrical energy. For each case the investment and running costs were calculated very precisely, taking into account heating, ventilation, domestic hot water and auxiliary systems. Global cost for a 30-year period showed that house variants with air source heat pumps are more cost effective. The investment, replacement and maintenance cost related with energy systems have the biggest share in the global cost. Reaching the plus energy standard was possible only in the case of low-energy standard NF40 and NF15. Based on this research the proposed requirements for plus energy single-family residential buildings in central Poland are the following: the final (delivered) electrical energy demand (including heating, ventilation, domestic hot water and auxiliary systems) <45 kWh/(m² year) and the on-site electrical energy production >45 kWh/(m² year).

DETERMINING THE PROFITABILITY OF GREENHOUSE ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES: A MODELING APPROACH

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249a-249
Author(s):  
Eric A. Lavoie ◽  
Damien de Halleux ◽  
André Gosselin ◽  
Jean-Claude Dufour
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Water System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Heat Pump System ◽  
Artificial Lighting ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Marketable Fruit

The main objective of this research was to produce a simulated model that permitted the evaluation of operating costs of commercial greenhouse tomato growers with respect to heating methods (hot air, hot water, radiant and heat pumps) and the use of artificial lighting for 1991 and 1992. This research showed that the main factors that negatively influence profitability were energy consumption during cold periods and the price of tomatoes during the summer season. The conventional hot water system consumed less energy than the heat pump system and produced marketable fruit yields similar to those from the heat pump system. The hot water system was generally more profitable in regards to energy consumption and productivity. Moreover, investment costs were less; therefore, this system gives best overall financial savings. As for radiant and hot air systems, their overall financial status falls between that of the hot water system and the heat pump. The radiant system proved to be more energy efficient that the hot air system, but the latter produced a higher marketable fruit yield over the 2-year study.

scholarly journals Local Heating Networks with Waste Heat Utilization: Low or Medium Temperature Supply?

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Kauko ◽  
Daniel Rohde ◽  
Armin Hafner
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Local Network ◽  
Medium Temperature

District heating enables an economical use of energy sources that would otherwise be wasted to cover the heating demands of buildings in urban areas. For efficient utilization of local waste heat and renewable heat sources, low distribution temperatures are of crucial importance. This study evaluates a local heating network being planned for a new building area in Trondheim, Norway, with waste heat available from a nearby ice skating rink. Two alternative supply temperature levels have been evaluated with dynamic simulations: low temperature (40 °C), with direct utilization of waste heat and decentralized domestic hot water (DHW) production using heat pumps; and medium temperature (70 °C), applying a centralized heat pump to lift the temperature of the waste heat. The local network will be connected to the primary district heating network to cover the remaining heat demand. The simulation results show that with a medium temperature supply, the peak power demand is up to three times higher than with a low temperature supply. This results from the fact that the centralized heat pump lifts the temperature for the entire network, including space and DHW heating demands. With a low temperature supply, heat pumps are applied only for DHW production, which enables a low and even electricity demand. On the other hand, with a low temperature supply, the district heating demand is high in the wintertime, in particular if the waste heat temperature is low. The choice of a suitable supply temperature level for a local heating network is hence strongly dependent on the temperature of the available waste heat, but also on the costs and emissions related to the production of district heating and electricity in the different seasons.

Experimental investigation on water quality standard of Yangtze River water source heat pump

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenghu Qin ◽  
Mingwei Tong ◽  
Lin Kun
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Water Conditions

Due to the surface water in the upper reaches of Yangtze River in China containing large amounts of silt and algae, high content of microorganisms and suspended solids, the water in Yangtze River cannot be used for cooling a heat pump directly. In this paper, the possibility of using Yangtze River, which goes through Chongqing, a city in southwest China, as a heat source–sink was investigated. Water temperature and quality of the Yangtze River in the Chongqing area were analyzed and the performance of water source heat pump units in different sediment concentrations, turbidity and algae material conditions were tested experimentally, and the water quality standards, in particular surface water conditions, in the Yangtze River region that adapt to energy-efficient heat pumps were also proposed. The experimental results show that the coefficient of performance heat pump falls by 3.73% to the greatest extent, and the fouling resistance of cooling water in the heat exchanger increases up to 25.6% in different water conditions. When the sediment concentration and the turbidity in the river water are no more than 100 g/m3 and 50 NTU respectively, the performance of the heat pump is better, which can be used as a suitable river water quality standard for river water source heat pumps.

scholarly journals Factors Shaping A/W Heat Pumps CO₂ Emissions—Evidence from Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Piotr Jadwiszczak ◽  
Jakub Jurasz ◽  
Bartosz Kaźmierczak ◽  
Elżbieta Niemierka ◽  
Wandong Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Power System ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Conventional Heating ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Mix

Heating and cooling sectors contribute to approximately 50% of energy consumption in the European Union. Considering the fact that heating is mostly based on fossil fuels, it is then evident that its decarbonization is one of the crucial tasks for achieving climate change prevention goals. At the same time, electricity sectors across the globe are undergoing a rapid transformation in order to accommodate the growing capacities of non-dispatchable solar and wind generators. One of the proposed solutions to achieve heating sector decarbonization and non-dispatchable generators power system integration is sector coupling, where heat pumps are perceived as a perfect fit. Air source heat pumps enable a rapid improvement in local air quality by replacing conventional heating sources, but at the same time, they put additional stress on the power system. The emissions associated with heat pump operation are a combination of power system energy mix, weather conditions and heat pump technology. Taking the above into consideration, this paper presents an approach to estimate which of the mentioned factors has the highest impact on heat pump emissions. Due to low air quality during the heating season, undergoing a power system transformation (with a relatively low share of renewables) in a case study located in Poland is considered. The results of the conducted analysis revealed that for a scenario where an air-to-water (A/W) heat pump is supposed to cover space and domestic hot water load, its CO2 emissions are shaped by country-specific energy mix (55.2%), heat pump technology (coefficient of performance) (33.9%) and, to a lesser extent, by changing climate (10.9%). The outcome of this paper can be used by policy makers in designing decarbonization strategies and funding distribution.

scholarly journals The Co-Construction of Energy Provision and Everyday Practice: Integrating Heat Pumps in Social Housing in England

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis P Judson ◽  
Sandra Bell ◽  
Harriet Bulkeley ◽  
Gareth Powells ◽  
Stephen Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
The North

Challenges of energy security, low carbon transitions, and electricity network constraints have led to a shift to new, efficient technologies for household energy services. Studies of such technological innovations usually focus on consumer information and changes in behaviour to realise their full potential. We suggest that regarding such technologies in existing energy provision systems opens up questions concerning how and why such interventions are delivered. We argue that we must understand the ways by which energy systems are co-constituted through the habits and expectations of households, their technologies and appliances, alongside arrangements associated with large-scale socio-technical infrastructures. Drawing on research with air-source-to-water heat pumps (ASWHP), installed as part of a large trans-disciplinary, utility-led research and demonstration project in the north of England, we investigate how energy services provision and everyday practice shapes new technologies uptake, and how such technologies mediate and reconfigure relations between users, providers and infrastructure networks. While the installation of ASWHP has led to role differentiation through which energy services are provided, the space for new forms of co-provision to emerge is limited by existing commitments to delivering energy services. Simultaneously, new forms of interdependency emerge between users, providers and intermediaries through sites of installation, instruction, repair and feedback. We find that although new technologies do lead to the rearrangement of practices, this is often disrupted by obduracy in the conventions and habits around domestic heating and hot water practices that have been established in relation to existing systems of provision. Rather being simply a matter of increasing levels of knowledge in order to ensure that such technologies are adopted effi ciently and effectively, our paper demonstrates how systemic arrangements of energy provision and everyday practice are co-implicated in socio-technical innovation by changing the nature of energy supply and use.

scholarly journals Prospect for the using of heat pumps for heating of buildings in enterprise

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sirkо ◽  
◽  
V. Korenda ◽  
I. Vyshnyakov ◽  
O. Protasov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Thermodynamic Cycle ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
The State ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Hot Water Supply

Heat pump - a device for transferring thermal energy from a source of low potential thermal energy to a consumer with a higher temperature. The thermodynamic cycle of a heat pump is similar to a refrigerating machine. Depending on the principle of operation, heat pumps are divided into compression and absorption. The most commonly used compression heat pumps. In recent years, numerous publications on the use of heat pump technology in heating and hot water supply facilities of various spheres - from individual homes to residential neighborhoods have appeared in various media. The authors of the publication have many years of experience in joint scientific and technical cooperation with leading technical universities and industrial organizations in the field of development and practical use of heat pump technology. The authors analyze the possibilities of introducing heat pumps at enterprises and organizations of the State Reserve System of Ukraine. It has been shown that the amount of expenses in comparison with central heating or operation of gas and electric boilers of similar power is several times smaller. It is noted that the implementation of heat pumps is a promising direction in the use of alternative energy sources to meet the heating, ventilation and hot water supply needs of buildings. The payback period from the introduction of heat pumps at enterprises is 4-9 years, depending on the location of the object and the type of source of low-temperature heat. The article meets the requirements of the State Tax Code of Ukraine and can be recommended for publication.

Studies of Heat Pumps Using Direct Expansion Type Solar Collectors

Solar Energy ◽  
2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadasuke Ito ◽  
Naokatsu Miura ◽  
Yasushi Takano
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Pressure Loss ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Direct Expansion ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
In Series ◽  
Hot Water Supply

A photovoltaic and thermal hybrid panel which was made of an aluminum roll -bond panel with a photovoltaic module on the surface was developed recently for use as an evaporator of a heat pump for residential hot water supply and room heating.1) Pressure loss of the refrigerant at the evaporator was large. Therefore, in the present study, shapes of the inlet and the outlet of the panel were modified to reduce pressure loss; also, thermal performance of the heat pump which adopted three evaporator panels connected in series was examined. Total area of the panels was about 1.9 m2 and the rated capacity of the compressor was 250 W. These modifications reduced pressure loss and improved thermal performance. The effect of the location of the feeler bulb on performance of the heat pump was also examined. It was inferred that the feeler bulb fixed on the tube at the outlet of the evaporator should be as close as possible to the evaporator outlet.

Water source heat pump energy demand prognosticate using disparate data-mining based approaches

Energy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 788-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanveer Ahmad ◽  
Huanxin Chen ◽  
Jan Shair
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Pump Energy ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Disparate Data
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