scholarly journals The Co-Construction of Energy Provision and Everyday Practice: Integrating Heat Pumps in Social Housing in England

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellis P Judson ◽  
Sandra Bell ◽  
Harriet Bulkeley ◽  
Gareth Powells ◽  
Stephen Lyon
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Consumer Information ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
The North

Challenges of energy security, low carbon transitions, and electricity network constraints have led to a shift to new, efficient technologies for household energy services. Studies of such technological innovations usually focus on consumer information and changes in behaviour to realise their full potential. We suggest that regarding such technologies in existing energy provision systems opens up questions concerning how and why such interventions are delivered. We argue that we must understand the ways by which energy systems are co-constituted through the habits and expectations of households, their technologies and appliances, alongside arrangements associated with large-scale socio-technical infrastructures. Drawing on research with air-source-to-water heat pumps (ASWHP), installed as part of a large trans-disciplinary, utility-led research and demonstration project in the north of England, we investigate how energy services provision and everyday practice shapes new technologies uptake, and how such technologies mediate and reconfigure relations between users, providers and infrastructure networks. While the installation of ASWHP has led to role differentiation through which energy services are provided, the space for new forms of co-provision to emerge is limited by existing commitments to delivering energy services. Simultaneously, new forms of interdependency emerge between users, providers and intermediaries through sites of installation, instruction, repair and feedback. We find that although new technologies do lead to the rearrangement of practices, this is often disrupted by obduracy in the conventions and habits around domestic heating and hot water practices that have been established in relation to existing systems of provision. Rather being simply a matter of increasing levels of knowledge in order to ensure that such technologies are adopted effi ciently and effectively, our paper demonstrates how systemic arrangements of energy provision and everyday practice are co-implicated in socio-technical innovation by changing the nature of energy supply and use.

The Analysis and Application of Energy-Internet in the Low-Carbon Community

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liang ◽  
Weiding Long ◽  
Yingqian Song ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban District ◽  
Energy Internet

The energy-Internet is a new energy supply method based on urban compact and densely populated community in a low-carbon city. The principle is to connect small energy generation stations and combined heat and power system (CHP) based on distributed energy technology and renewable energy into a network in the urban district. In this way, the cooling, heating and electricity could all back each other up. Each building of the community could collect the energy and then put that energy into the energy-internet to supply the heating and power to buildings. The power in the energy-internet could also be used for charging electric vehicles. So the energy use in the urban community would be basically self-sufficient. The energy generation stations in the energy-internet could be solar power, wind power, biomass cogeneration (including refuse power generation), household fuel cell, low-grade heat in rivers, lakes, urban sewage and soil. In this way, large-scale renewable energy and unused energy could be fully used and applied in a compact and dense community. If the energy-internet is suitable designed, the equipment capacity, energy consumption and CO2 emission of the community could be greatly reduced, energy efficiency could be optimized and improved and the heat island effect could also be alleviated. This article explores three major problems of the construction of energy internet and their solutions: namely, the location and layout of the energy station, the environmental economic dispatch model of the energy internet with power dispatching as an example, the optimal path design of hot water pipe network combined with graph theory and genetic algorithms.

scholarly journals Potential of individual heat pumps for renewable energy storage in Smart Grid

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00057
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Niemierka ◽  
Piotr Jadwiszczak
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Green Power

Ever-increasing power market and environmental policy enforce growth of renewable power sources. Renewables inflexibility and dependency on weather condition causes periodically imbalance in power system due to the green power overproduction. With the increase of renewable sources, the balancing problems in power system will be increasingly significance issue. It is proposed to use individual heat pumps as a next tool for energy system adjustment support. Power system adjustment will be carried out by active demand side management by intended domestic hot water tanks overheating. The smart grid individual heat pumps setpoints will be switched at community or even country scale. The strategy allows shaving the overproduction peaks through short-term increase of electricity consumption in remote controlled heat pumps and to lowering power demand during green power deficits using the thermal energy stored in overheated domestic hot water. The dynamic mathematical simulations were made to define the operation and limitation of active control strategy of heat pumps integrated into smart grid. The results allow testing and assessing the potential of individual heat pumps as a next tool for balancing the power system with large scale of renewable power.

Modeling of a Wellhead Heating Methodology With Heat Pipes in Coal Mines

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyang Zhang ◽  
Kewen Li ◽  
Lipeng Zhao ◽  
Lin Jia ◽  
Mohammed Kaita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pipe ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Heat Pipes ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Ground Source Heat Pumps

Abstract Many coal mines are located at the middle and high latitudes. In winter, coal mining facilities may be operated under the freezing conditions. Burning coal for hot water is usually used to heat up the facilities, which is not environmentally friendly and energy efficient. Currently, the ground source heat pumps and other new technologies have been applied for heating in coal mines and have achieved some success. However, the working characteristics and costs of these technologies are not suitable for the antifreeze at the wellhead. Heat pipe technology has the following advantages: automatic operation with the change of atmosphere temperature (AMT) and low cost of construction and maintenance, which can overcome the drawbacks of the aforementioned technologies. In this article, a heating system based on heat pipe technology has been designed and modeled. The system extracts heat from the shallow normal temperature zone (NTZ) to automatically heat the coal wellhead in winter. For the heating system, the effects of AMT, the temperature of NTZ, the frozen zone thickness (FZT), the thermal conductivity, and the heat pipe quantity (HPQ) on the heating performance have been modeled and investigated using comsol multiphysics. The modeling results have been analyzed and discussed. The modeling data showed that the system based on heat pipes could meet the antifreeze requirements for the designed system during the winter period. The wellhead heating system proposed in this article may achieve the purpose of replacing fossil energy with shallow geothermal energy.

scholarly journals A Review of Heat Pump Systems and Applications in Cold Climates: Evidence from Lithuania

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (22) ◽  
pp. 4331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokas Valancius ◽  
Rao Martand Singh ◽  
Andrius Jurelionis ◽  
Juozas Vaiciunas
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Hot Water

Similar to other cold climate countries, space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) accounts form the largest share of household energy demand in Lithuania. Heat pump technology is considered to be one of the environmentally friendly solutions to increase energy efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint of buildings. Heat pumps have been finding their way into the Lithuanian market since 2002, and currently there are many good practice examples present in the country, especially in the residential and public sectors. Heat pump use is economically advantageous in the Baltic Region, and the market share of these systems is growing. Studies have reported seasonal performance factor (SPF) ranges within 1.8 and 5.6. The lower SPF values are typically attributable to air source heat pumps, whereas the higher efficiency is achieved by ground or water source heat pump applications. While the traditional heat pump techniques are well established in the region, there is a slow uptake of new technologies, such as solar-assisted heat pumps, absorption heat pumps and heat pumps integrated into foundations, tunnels or diaphragm walls. This paper provides a critical review of different heat pump technologies, using Lithuania as a cold climate case study to overview the market trends within the European context. Potential trends for the heat pump technology development in terms of application areas, cost-benefit predictions, as well as environmental aspects, are discussed.

A low-carbon future for the North Sea basin

2021 ◽  
pp. SP494-2020-236
Author(s):  
David G. Quirk ◽  
John R. Underhill ◽  
Jon G. Gluyas ◽  
Matthew J. Howe ◽  
Hamish A. M. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Supplementary Material

AbstractHuman emissions of greenhouse gases have caused a predictable rise of 1.2°C in global temperatures. Over the last 70 years, the rise has occurred at a geologically unprecedented speed and scale. To avoid a worsening situation, most developed nations are turning to renewable sources of power to meet their climate commitments, including UK, Norway, Denmark and The Netherlands. The North Sea basin offers many advantages in the transition from fossil fuels by virtue of its natural resources, physical setting, offshore infrastructure and skilled workforce. Nonetheless, the magnitude of the up-front costs and the areas required to achieve net zero emissions are rarely acknowledged. In addition, some of the technologies being planned are commercially immature. In particular, the current cost of capture, transport and disposal of carbon dioxide is problematic, if it is to be applied as a large-scale solution to industrial emissions. To repurpose the North Sea to meet a low-carbon future will require substantial collaboration between governments and industrial sectors. There are nonetheless significant opportunities for companies prepared to switch from the traditional oil and gas business.Supplementary material at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5684641

scholarly journals NER300: Success or Failure of Public Support for Low-emission Technologies?

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196
Author(s):  
Grażyna Borys ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Death Valley ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Low Emission

The Paris Agreement of December 2015 set a very ambitious target for the global reduction of greenhouse gases. Its implementation means the need to transform the global economy, including the European one, towards the economy characterised by the neutral level of these gases emission. Such transformation will not be possible without the dynamic development of breakthrough technological innovations on a large scale, which requires significant financial support from the public sector. This support should be primarily focused on the demonstration phase of the innovation process, which frequently turns into the so-called technological death valley. Demonstration projects are not commercial products as yet, they are characterized by untested technical reliability and the risk of no demand for products manufactured using new technologies. Therefore, private investors are not entirely willing to invest in them. In 2009 the European Union, in order to avoid the death valley, launched, through the promising innovative low-emission technologies, the NER300 programme – one of the world’s largest programmes supporting the supply of low-carbon commercial technologies, as one of the components of the Emissions Trading System – ETS. This programme is the subject of the presented article. Its purpose is to provide answers to three basic questions: 1) did the programme end with a success or a failure?; 2) what external and internal reasons determined the results of the programme?; 3) should the programme become a systemic element of the EU ETS? The article presents the results of NER300 and their interpretation in the context of the programme’s objectives. The research covering the reasons which determined the results of the programme used the existing subject literature on the NER300 programme and the special report issued by the European Court of Auditors presenting these results as well as the selected European Union documents and normative acts.

Opportunities for Catalytic Reactions and Materials in Buildings

Encyclopedia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
Praveen Cheekatamarla
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Impact

Residential and commercial buildings are responsible for over 30% of global final energy consumption and accounts for ~40% of annual direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions. Energy efficient and sustainable technologies are necessary to not only lower the energy footprint but also lower the environmental burden. Many proven and emerging technologies are being pursued to meet the ever-increasing energy demand. Catalytic science has a significant new role to play in helping address sustainable energy challenges, particularly in buildings, compared to transportation and industrial sectors. Thermally driven heat pumps, dehumidification, cogeneration, thermal energy storage, carbon capture and utilization, emissions suppression, waste-to-energy conversion, and corrosion prevention technologies can tap into the advantages of catalytic science in realizing the full potential of such approaches, quickly, efficiently, and reliably. Catalysts can help increase energy conversion efficiency in building related technologies but must utilize low cost, easily available and easy-to-manufacture materials for large scale deployment. This entry presents a comprehensive overview of the impact of each building technology area on energy demand and environmental burden, state-of-the-art of catalytic solutions, research, and development opportunities for catalysis in building technologies, while identifying requirements, opportunities, and challenges.

“Big Data” in Educational Administration: An Application for Predicting School Dropout Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy C. Sorensen
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Dropping Out ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
North Carolina Department ◽  
The North

Purpose: In an era of unprecedented student measurement and emphasis on data-driven educational decision making, the full potential for using data to target resources to students has yet to be realized. This study explores the utility of machine-learning techniques with large-scale administrative data to identify student dropout risk. Research Methods: Using longitudinal student records data from the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction, this article assesses modern prediction techniques, with a focus on tree-based classification methods and support vector machines. These methods incorporate 74 predictors measures from Grades 3 through 8, including academic achievement, behavioral indicators, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Findings: Two of the assessed classification algorithms predict high school graduation and dropping out correctly for more than 90% of an out-of-sample student cohort. Findings reveal a shift toward lower dropout incidence in regions hit hardest by the economic recession of 2008, especially for male students. Implications for Research and Practice: Machine-learning procedures, as demonstrated in this study, offer promise for allowing administrators to reliably identify students at risk of dropping out of school so as to provide targeted, intensive programs at the lowest possible cost.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

Information And Map-Made Control With The Functions Of Business Analytics For Urban Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 72-78
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Urban Management ◽  
Business Analytics ◽  
Administrative District ◽  
The North ◽  
Model Of Management ◽  
Complex Development ◽  
Coordination System ◽  
Key Aspects

The key aspects of the process of designing and developing an information and cartographic control tool with business analytics functions for the municipal level of urban management are considered. The review of functionality of the developed tool is given. Examples of its use for the analysis and monitoring of implementation of the program of complex development of territories are given. The importance of application of information support of management and coordination at all levels of management as an integral part of the basic model of management and coordination system of large-scale urban projects of dispersed construction is proved. Information and map-made tool with business intelligence functions was used and was highly appreciated in the preparation of information-analytical and presentation materials of the North-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow. Its use made it possible to significantly optimize the list of activities of the program of integrated development of territories, their priority and timing.

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