scholarly journals Use of Waste Glass as A Replacement for Raw Materials in Mortars with a Lower Environmental Impact

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Letelier ◽  
Bastián I. Henríquez-Jara ◽  
Miguel Manosalva ◽  
Camila Parodi ◽  
José Marcos Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Glass Powder ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Glass Waste

Glass waste used in mortars or concretes behaves similar to cement, with resulting environmental benefits. In this light, the behavior of glass powder of various particle sizes has been analyzed as a cement replacement in mortars, in an attempt to minimize the loss of strength and durability, and maximize the amount of materials replaced. The dry density, water accessible porosity, water absorption by immersion, capillary absorption coefficient, ultrasonic pulse velocity and both compressive and flexural strengths were studied in the mortars. Furthermore, a statistical analysis of the obtained results and a greenhouse gases assessment were also performed. In view of the results obtained, glass powder of 38 microns allows up to 30% of the cement to be replaced, due to the filler effect combined with its pozzolanic activity. Moreover, it has been observed that glass powder size is one of the factors with the greatest influence among the properties of porosity, absorption and capillarity. On the other hand, in the mechanical properties, this factor does not contribute significantly more than the amount of glass powder. Finally, the greenhouse gasses analysis shows that the incorporation of glass powder reduces the CO2 emissions associated with mortar up to 29.47%.

scholarly journals Experimental analysis of lime putty and pozzolan-based mortar for interventions in archaeological sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Autiero ◽  
Meera Ramesh ◽  
Miguel Azenha ◽  
Marco Di Ludovico ◽  
Andrea Prota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Load Capacity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Masonry Structures ◽  
Natural Pozzolan ◽  
Complementary Method

AbstractThe study aims at defining and characterizing a specific restoration mortar for archaeological masonry structures made with traditional materials and to assess the suitability of the mixture compared to other mortars; such a goal is crucial to develop and define interventions in the archaeological sites. The mixture was defined to ensure compatibility with ancient materials and following frequently adopted recommendations at the site, specifically by using: (1) raw materials as similar as possible to the ancient ones; (2) traditional mix design. Therefore, the mixture was made with commercial lime putty CL 90-S type and natural Phlegrean pozzolan, i.e. volcanoclastic material collected from the volcanic area located in the West of Naples in Italy. The precious and limitedly available natural pozzolan used in the experiments resulted in an exclusive mortar which is very similar to the archaeological ones. The mortar has a binder to aggregate ratio 1:3 by volume, according to traditional techniques typically encountered in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii and Vesuvius surrounding area. The evolution of the flexural and compressive strength, elastic modulus, bulk density, open porosity and ultrasonic pulse velocity has been monitored for up to 200 days, based on standard procedures. Moreover, the hardening process was monitored with Differential Thermal Analysis up to 90 days, through the evaluation of phase transitions associated with dehydroxylation and decarboxylation, considering different depths from the external surface of the mortar. The achieved mechanical properties were compatible with those of lime-based mixtures for repair interventions of ancient masonry structures. Moreover, the mortar was found to be well-suited to mitigate cracking, showing a low ratio between its stiffness and load capacity compared to other typologies of mortars used for masonry restoration. Ultrasonic pulse velocity test proved to be a reasonable complementary method to monitor the evolution of the hardened properties of the mortar. Carbonation was found to be still progressing at 90 days. The data presented provide useful and reliable information to approach the complex process of restoration in archeological sites.

Non-Destructive Tests as Durability Indicators in Cement Mortars with Pozzolanic Substitutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Rosalía Ruiz Ruiz ◽  
Elia Mercedes Alonso Guzmán ◽  
Wilfrido Martínez Molina ◽  
Hugo Luis Chávez García ◽  
Judith Alejandra Velázquez Perez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Pozzolanic Material ◽  
Cement Mortars ◽  
Non Destructive

Cement industry is responsible of 5-7% of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. This is preoccupant because this is one of the greenhouse effect gases which cause global warming. Pozzolanic material incorporation in cement mortars elaboration represents a good alternative to partially substitute cement, since its chemical composition could contribute to improvement of its durability and mechanical characteristics. In this research, mortars with pozzolanic substitutions are evaluated through non-destructive tests as: capillary absorption, electrical resistivity, and ultrasonic pulse velocity to the age of 1000 days. The results suggested that the incorporation of pozzolanic material as partial substitutes of Portland cement increases the mortars properties mainly in substitutions of CBC 20%, PN 10, and 30%.

scholarly journals Transport Properties and Resistance Improvement of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) after Exposure to Elevated Temperatures

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Qian ◽  
Dingyi Yang ◽  
Yanghao Xia ◽  
Han Gao ◽  
Zhiming Ma
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Transport Properties ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Concrete ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Self Healing

Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has a high self-healing capacity and is prone to bursting after exposure to high temperatures due to its characteristics. This work evaluates the damage and improvement of UHPC with coarse aggregates through mechanical properties (compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity), transport properties (water absorption and a chloride diffusion test), and micro-properties such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). The result demonstrates that polypropylene (PP) fibers are more suitable for high temperature tests than polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The result shows that 400 °C is the critical temperature point. With the increase in temperature, the hydration becomes significant, and the internal material phase changes accordingly. Although the total pore volume increased, the percentage of various types of pores was optimized within 400 °C. The mass loss gradually increased and the ultrasonic pulse velocity gradually decreased. While the compressive strength first increased and then decreased, and the increase occurred within 25–400 °C. As for the transport properties, the chloride migration coefficient and capillary absorption coefficient both increased dramatically due to the higher sensitivity to temperature changes. The results of the property improvement test showed that at temperatures above 800 °C, the compressive strength recovered by more than 65% and the ultrasonic pulse velocity recovered by more than 75%. In terms of transport properties, compared to the results before self-healing, the chloride migration coefficient decreased by up to 59%, compared with 89% for the capillary absorption coefficient, after self-healing at 800 °C. With respect to the enhancement effect after exposure to high temperatures, the environment of a 5% Na2SO4 solution was not as good as the clean water environment. The corresponding changes in microstructure during the high temperatures and the self-healing process can explain the change in the pattern of macroscopic properties more precisely.

Effect of curing conditions on the compressive strength of sodium carbonate activated slag-glass powder mortar

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeyemi Adesina ◽  
Jonathan Cercel ◽  
Sreekanta Das
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Binary Blend ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Slag Glass ◽  
Activated Slag

This study presents the experimental investigation of the effect of curing media on the properties of mortar mixtures made with sodium carbonate activated slag-glass powder as a binder. Slag and glass powder were used at an equal percentage as the aluminosilicate precursor and the binary blend was activated with sodium carbonate. The compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity of the mixtures cured in different conditions were investigated. The curing conditions used in this study are dry, moist, and submerged curing. Microstructural investigations were also carried out to understand the microstructural properties of the mixtures exposed to these curing conditions. Results from this study showed that moist curing is the most effective curing method for mortar made with sodium carbonate alkali-activated slag-glass powder as a binder. Microstructural evaluations further confirm the strength results as mortar samples cured in a moist condition exhibited a denser microstructure.

scholarly journals Durability Performance Indices for Cement-Based Mortars

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2758
Author(s):  
Rebeca Visairo-Méndez ◽  
Andrés A. Torres-Acosta ◽  
Roberto Alvarado-Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Void Content ◽  
Capillary Absorption ◽  
Chloride Permeability ◽  
Repair Mortar ◽  
Durability Design ◽  
Repair Materials ◽  
Durability Performance

Corrosion-induced damaged structures are generally repaired using locally available materials. Nevertheless, determining the durability of the repair materials to be used is necessary to forecast its service life after being placed on the damaged structure. In previous investigations, the most commonly used durability indices are saturated electrical resistivity (ρS), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), total void content (TVC), water capillary absorption (WCA), rapid chloride permeability (RCP), and compressive strength (fc). Four repair mortar types were evaluated. For each mortar type, 5 × 5 cm2 cubes, 5 × 10 cm2 (small) cylinders, and 10 × 20 cm2 (large) cylinders were made from each mortar evaluated. On the basis of the present results, the durability design of mortars should consider not only the mechanical strength, but also the durability index values to define its durability performance. According to the empirical correlations obtained between all durability indices, ρS vs. RCP, TVC vs. WCA, and RCP vs. WCA were the ones with higher correlation coefficient. These correlations could be used for mortar mixture durability forecasting.

Characterization of Eggshell and Natural Chloride Stabilized Soil Using Geophysical Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
◽  
Dharmender Kumar Soni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Polypropylene Fiber ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Fast Method ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Non Destructive

Although many techniques are available for the evaluation of soil parameters, but a quick and efficient method is always welcome. To avoid the hassle calculation and tedious procedures of testing; practitioners seek a fast method for site implementation of laboratory results. In the recent era of development and technology, it has been necessary to adopt the advanced techniques to evaluate the geotechnical parameters. In the present study, correlations between geophysical and compaction tests results have been derived. Eggshell powder (ESP), a waste material along with sodium chloride (NaCl) and polypropylene fiber (PPF) was used to stabilize the soil. Design of experiments was done by Taguchi technique using Minitab 17 software. A series of non-destructive geophysical tests i.e., Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) and Electrical resistivity (Re) tests was carried out on 21 days aged soil specimens. Not only software based analytical results showed ESP as the dominating factor for attaining improvement in packing of soil particles and make soil resistive but also the results confirmed the same. UPV of the stabilized soil was found increased up to 69%-122% with respect to an increase in dry density of about 1.16%-1.74%. The utility of the present study can be found in places where dense soil and electric resistive properties meets such as transmission lines and railway electric poles etc. and for the purpose seismic and resistivity mapping methods can be used

scholarly journals The effects of adding waste plastic fibers on some properties of roller compacted concrete

2018 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 02008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Abed ◽  
Abdulkader Al-Hadithi ◽  
Ahmed Salih Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Roller Compacted Concrete

An attempt to produce of roller compacted concrete (RCC) improved by adding waste plastic fibers (WPFs) resulting from cutting the PET beverage bottles was recorded in this study. The method which is used for production of RCC is an approved design method for ACI committee (5R-207,1980)[1]. WPF was added by volumetric percentages ranging between (0.5 to 2 %) and reference concrete mix was produced for comparison reason. Many tests were conducted on the models produced by rolling compacted concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, dry density, water absorption and ultrasonic pulse velocity. The analysis of the results showed that the use of plastic waste fibers (1%) had led to improvement in the properties of each of the compressive strength and flexural strength compared with reference concrete. Results also showed that the addition of these, fibers increase water absorption and reduce the speed of Ultrasonic pulse velocity.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Plastic Concrete Modified with E-Waste Plastic as a Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Farhan Ahmad ◽  
Arshad Jamal ◽  
Khwaja Mateen Mazher ◽  
Waleed Umer ◽  
Mudassir Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Aggregate ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Significant Decrement ◽  
The World

Plastic electronic waste (E-waste) is constantly growing around the world owing to the rapid increase in industrialization, urbanization, and population. The current annual production rate of E-waste is 3–4% in the world and is expected to increase to 55 million tons per year by 2025. To reduce the detrimental impact on the environment and save natural resources, one of the best solutions is to incorporate waste plastic in the construction industry to produce green concrete. This study examines the use of manufactured plastic coarse aggregate (PCA) obtained from E-waste as a partial replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) in concrete. Six types of concrete mix with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% substitution of NCA (by volume) with PCA are prepared and tested. This study investigates the effect of manufactured PCA on the fresh and hardened characteristics of concrete. The properties of recycled plastic aggregate concrete (RPAC) studied include workability, fresh density, dry density, compressive strength (CS), splitting tensile strength (STS), flexural strength (FS), sorptivity coefficient, abrasion resistance, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and alternate wetting and drying (W–D). The results indicate that the CS, STS, and FS of RPAC declined in the range of 9.9–52.7%, 7.8–47.5%, and 11–39.4%, respectively, for substitution ratios of 10–50%. However, the results also indicate that the incorporation of PCA (10–50%) improved the workability and durability characteristics of concrete. A significant decrement in the sorptivity coefficient, abrasion loss, and UPV value was observed with an increasing amount of PCA. Furthermore, RPAC containing different percentages of PCA revealed better results against alternate W–D cycles with respect to ordinary concrete.

scholarly journals Production of Lightweight Alkali Activated Mortars Using Mineral Wools

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alzaza ◽  
Mohammad Mastali ◽  
Paivo Kinnunen ◽  
Lidija Korat ◽  
Zahra Abdollahnejad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Hardened State ◽  
Compressive And Flexural Strengths ◽  
Alkali Activated

This experimental study aimed to develop a fiber-reinforced lightweight mineral wool-based alkali activated mortar. The lightweight mineral wool-based alkali activated mortars were produced using premade foam and reinforced by polypropylene (PP) fibers. They were assessed in terms of fresh and hardened-state properties. Fresh-state properties were investigated by mini-slump tests. Hardened-state characteristics were assessed by ultrasonic pulse velocity, dry density, compressive and flexural strengths, drying shrinkage, efflorescence, water absorption, and permeable porosity. For the first time, the resistance of the synthesized lightweight mineral wool-based alkali activated mortars against harsh conditions (carbonation, freeze and thaw, and high temperature) were evaluated. The porous structures of the developed lightweight alkali activated mortars were also analyzed using an X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT) technique. Lightweight mix compositions with densities in a range of 770–1510 kg/m3, compressive strengths of 1–9 MPa, and flexural strengths of 2.6–8 MPa were developed. Increases in both density and strength after carbonation were also recorded, while a decrease of strength was noticed after exposure to freeze/thaw and high temperatures of up to 500 °C.

scholarly journals Composite Binder Containing Industrial By-Products (FCCCw and PSw) and Nano SiO2

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1604
Author(s):  
Vilma Banevičienė ◽  
Jurgita Malaiškienė ◽  
Jiri Zach ◽  
Karel Dvorak
Keyword(s):  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity ◽  
Ultrasonic Pulse ◽  
Pulse Velocity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Nano Sio2 ◽  
Paper Manufacturing ◽  
By Products

This article analyzes the integrated effect of industrial by-products (spent fluidized bed catalytic cracking catalyst waste (FCCCw) and paper sludge waste (PSw) generated in paper manufacturing) combined with nano-SiO2 (NS) on the properties of cement binder, when a certain part of the binder is replaced with the said by-products in the cement mix. Standard testing methods were used to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of cement-based materials. For structure analysis, we used X-ray diffraction (XRD), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that the replacement of cement by a combined additive of FCCCw, PSw and NS is important not only for ecological reasons (abatement of CO2 emissions and recovery of waste through secondary raw materials), but also in order to enhance the properties of cement-based binders. Presumably, higher amounts of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) and calcium alumina silicate hydrate (CASH) in the compound binder are the result of the low content of portlandite and alite in the test specimens. The specimens modified with all three additives had the highest density (~2100 kg/m3), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) (~4160 m/s) and compressive strength (~105 MPa), which was ~40% higher than in the control specimens. The average pore diameter of the complex binder decreased by 21%, whereas the median pore diameter decreased by 47%.

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