scholarly journals Energy Efficiency and Integration of Urban Electrical Transport Systems: EVs and Metro-Trains of Two Real European Lines

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Cardador ◽  
Asunción Cucala ◽  
Maria Falvo
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Electrical Transport ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
University Of Rome ◽  
The Cost

Transport is a main source of pollutants in cities, where air quality is a major concern. New transport technologies, such as electric vehicles, and public transport modalities, such as urban railways, have arisen as solutions to this important problem. One of the main difficulties for the adoption of electric vehicles by consumers is the scarcity of a suitable charging infrastructure. The use of the railway power supplies to charge electric vehicle batteries could facilitate the deployment of charging infrastructure in cities. It would reduce the cost because of the use of an existing installation. Furthermore, electric vehicles can use braking energy from trains that was previously wasted in rheostats. This paper presents the results of a collaboration between research teams from University of Rome Sapienza and Comillas Pontifical University. In this work, two real European cases are studied: an Italian metro line and a Spanish metro line. The energy performance of these metro lines and their capacity to charge electric vehicles have been studied by means of detailed simulation tools. Their results have shown that the use of regenerated energy is 98% for short interval of trains in both cases. However, the use of regenerated energy decreases as the train intervals grow. In a daily operation, an important amount of regenerated energy is wasted in the Italian and Spanish case. Using this energy, a significant number of electric vehicles could be charged every day.

scholarly journals Analysis of Battery Reduction for an Improved Opportunistic Wireless-Charged Electric Bus

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2866
Author(s):  
Andong Yin ◽  
Shenchun Wu ◽  
Weihan Li ◽  
Jinfang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation Cost

As an attractive alternative to the traditional plug-in charged electric vehicles (EVs), wireless-charged EVs have recently been in the spotlight. Opportunistically charged utilizing the wireless-charging infrastructure installed under the road at bus stops, an electric bus can have a smaller and lighter battery pack. In this paper, an improved opportunistic wireless-charging system (OWCS) for electric bus is introduced, which includes the opportunistic stationary wireless-charging system (OSWCS) and opportunistic hybrid wireless-charging system (OHWCS) consisting of stationary wireless-charging and dynamic wireless-charging. A general battery reduction model is established for the opportunistic wireless-charged electric bus (OWCEB). Two different battery-reduction models are built separately for OWCEB on account of the characteristics of OSWCS and OHWCS. Additionally, the cost saving models including the production cost saving, the operation cost saving and total cost saving are established. Then, the mathematical models are demonstrated with a numerical example intuitively. Furthermore, we analyze several parameters that influence the effectiveness of battery reduction due to the application of an opportunistic wireless-charging system on an electric bus. Finally, some points worth discussing in this work are performed.

scholarly journals Modeling the Future California Electricity Grid and Renewable Energy Integration with Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian van Triel ◽  
Timothy E. Lipman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Integration ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
Charging Demand

This study focuses on determining the impacts and potential value of unmanaged and managed uni-directional and bi-directional charging of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) to integrate intermittent renewable resources in California in the year 2030. The research methodology incorporates the utilization of multiple simulation tools including V2G-SIM, SWITCH, and GridSim. SWITCH is used to predict a cost-effective generation portfolio to meet the renewable electricity goals of 60% in California by 2030. PEV charging demand is predicted by incorporating mobility behavior studies and assumptions charging infrastructure and vehicle technology improvements. Finally, the production cost model GridSim is used to quantify the impacts of managed and unmanaged vehicle-charging demand to electricity grid operations. The temporal optimization of charging sessions shows that PEVs can mitigate renewable oversupply and ramping needs substantially. The results show that 3.3 million PEVs can mitigate over-generation by ~4 terawatt hours in California—potentially saving the state up to about USD 20 billion of capital investment costs in stationary storage technologies.

scholarly journals Design & Construction of Electro Magnetic Induction based Roads (EMIR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1340-1344
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Secondary Coil ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Charging ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
The Cost

Middle-east and especially UAE promotes the use of Electric Vehicles to bring down the carbon emission. Cost of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can be brought down by reducing the cost of its battery. Dynamic charging allows smaller and lighter batteries to be used due to frequent charging, using the charging infrastructure embedded under the roads. Hence this reduces the battery cost and improves the battery life. Reduction in battery cost will bring down the cost of EVs and thus will encourage large population to move toward EVs. This paper presents the design & construction of a prototype EMIR to facilitate dynamic charging of EVs. Aim of this project is to construct 32 feet long and 3 feet wide prototype road with Induction charging facility. Four primary coils with the dimension 164cm x 31 cm with 3 turns and an inductance of 29.1µH are uniformly spaced on the road. Secondary coil of 40 cm x 31 cm with 6 turns with an inductance of 20 µH is attached onto the lower side of the chassis of the EV.

Energy After COVID

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (820) ◽  
pp. 317-322
Author(s):  
Michael T. Klare
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Business Travel ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Energy Companies

By transforming patterns of travel and work around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic is accelerating the transition to renewable energy and the decline of fossil fuels. Lockdowns brought car commuting and plane travel to a near halt, and the mass experiment in which white-collar employees have been working from home may permanently reduce energy consumption for business travel. Renewable energy and electric vehicles were already gaining market share before the pandemic. Under pressure from investors, major energy companies have started writing off fossil fuel reserves as stranded assets that are no longer worth the cost of extracting. These shifts may indicate that “peak oil demand” has arrived earlier than expected.

scholarly journals Decision-Making Processes in Controlling Exposure to Sunlight Supported by Simulation Tools: A Case Study in Warm Weather

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4100
Author(s):  
Mariana Huskinson ◽  
Antonio Galiano-Garrigós ◽  
Ángel Benigno González-Avilés ◽  
M. Isabel Pérez-Millán
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Building Information ◽  
The Impact

Improving the energy performance of existing buildings is one of the main strategies defined by the European Union to reduce global energy costs. Amongst the actions to be carried out in buildings to achieve this objective is working with passive measures adapted to each type of climate. To assist designers in the process of finding appropriate solutions for each building and location, different tools have been developed and since the implementation of building information modeling (BIM), it has been possible to perform an analysis of a building’s life cycle from an energy perspective and other types of analysis such as a comfort analysis. In the case of Spain, the first BIM environment tool has been implemented that deals with the global analysis of a building’s behavior and serves as an alternative to previous methods characterized by their lack of both flexibility and information offered to designers. This paper evaluates and compares the official Spanish energy performance evaluation tool (Cypetherm) released in 2018 using a case study involving the installation of sunlight control devices as part of a building refurbishment. It is intended to determine how databases and simplifications affect the designer’s decision-making. Additionally, the yielded energy results are complemented by a comfort analysis to explore the impact of these improvements from a users’ wellbeing viewpoint. At the end of the process the yielded results still confirm that the simulation remains far from reality and that simulation tools can indeed influence the decision-making process.

scholarly journals To Represent Electric Vehicles in Electricity Systems Modelling—Aggregated Vehicle Representation vs. Individual Driving Profiles

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Maria Taljegard ◽  
Lisa Göransson ◽  
Mikael Odenberger ◽  
Filip Johnsson
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Vehicle To Grid ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
Home Location ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Storage Technologies

This study describes, applies, and compares three different approaches to integrate electric vehicles (EVs) in a cost-minimising electricity system investment model and a dispatch model. The approaches include both an aggregated vehicle representation and individual driving profiles of passenger EVs. The driving patterns of 426 randomly selected vehicles in Sweden were recorded between 30 and 73 days each and used as input to the electricity system model for the individual driving profiles. The main conclusion is that an aggregated vehicle representation gives similar results as when including individual driving profiles for most scenarios modelled. However, this study also concludes that it is important to represent the heterogeneity of individual driving profiles in electricity system optimisation models when: (i) charging infrastructure is limited to only the home location in regions with a high share of solar and wind power in the electricity system, and (ii) when addressing special research issues such as impact of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) on battery health status. An aggregated vehicle representation will, if the charging infrastructure is limited to only home location, over-estimate the V2G potential resulting in a higher share (up to 10 percentage points) of variable renewable electricity generation and an under-estimation of investments in both short- and long-term storage technologies.

BMS-driven onsite insolation charging infrastructure for electric vehicles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinay Gupta ◽  
Himanshu Priyadarshi ◽  
Vishnu Goyal ◽  
Kulwant Singh ◽  
Ashish Shrivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Charging Infrastructure

scholarly journals Managing energy performance in buildings from design to operation using modelling and calibration

2021 ◽  
pp. 014362442110083
Author(s):  
Nishesh Jain ◽  
Esfand Burman ◽  
Dejan Mumovic ◽  
Mike Davies
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Performance Gap ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
Calibration Protocol ◽  
Covering Design

To manage the concerns regarding the energy performance gap in buildings, a structured and longitudinal performance assessment of buildings, covering design through to operation, is necessary. Modelling can form an integral part of this process by ensuring that a good practice design stage modelling is followed by an ongoing evaluation of operational stage performance using a robust calibration protocol. In this paper, we demonstrate, via a case study of an office building, how a good practice design stage model can be fine-tuned for operational stage using a new framework that helps validate the causes for deviations of actual performance from design intents. This paper maps the modelling based process of tracking building performance from design to operation, identifying the various types of performance gaps. Further, during the operational stage, the framework provides a systematic way to separate the effect of (i) operating conditions that are driven by the building’s actual function and occupancy as compared with the design assumptions, and (ii) the effect of potential technical issues that cause underperformance. As the identification of issues is based on energy modelling, the process requires use of advanced and well-documented simulation tools. The paper concludes with providing an outline of the software platform requirements needed to generate robust design models and their calibration for operational performance assessments. Practical application The paper’s findings are a useful guide for building industry professionals to manage the performance gap with appropriate accuracy through a robust methodology in an easy to use workflow. The methodological framework to analyse building energy performance in-use links best practice design stage modelling guidance with a robust operational stage investigation. It helps designers, contractors, building managers and other stakeholders with an understanding of procedures to follow to undertake an effective measurement and verification exercise.

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