scholarly journals Improving Biodiesel Conversions from Blends of High- and Low-Acid-Value Waste Cooking Oils Using Sodium Methoxide as a Catalyst Based on a High Speed Homogenizer

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chien Hsiao ◽  
Jui-Yang Kuo ◽  
Pei-Hsuan Hsieh ◽  
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
High Price ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Cooking Oils

Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly and sustainable fuel. However, the high price of the biodiesel produced from pure vegetable oil contributes to making it uncompetitive in the market. If we can make low cost oils such as waste cooking oil and high-acid-value oil available as resources, the cost of biodiesel production will be reduced significantly. However, these low cost oils cannot be used to produce biodiesel directly because they usually contain a large amount of free fatty acids. They have to undergo a preparatory procedure to lower the acid value to a specific value. The purpose of this study was to lower the amount of free fatty acids in waste cooking oils by blending high- and low-value oils at different ratios and to reduce the transesterification reaction time using a high speed homogenizer, which has the potential to easily enlarge the capacity scale. We used a high-acid-value oil to low-acid-value oil volume ratio of 4:6 as a control. A high conversion rate (97.1%) was achieved under the optimal reaction conditions: methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 9:1; amount of catalyst (CH3ONa) used, 0.75 wt %; reaction temperature, 65 °C; rotation speed, 8000 rpm; and reaction time, 8 min.

scholarly journals NMR Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Vegetable Oils

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Enrica Di Pietro ◽  
Alberto Mannu ◽  
Andrea Mele
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
31P Nmr ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Application Fields ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
13C And 31P Nmr

The identification and quantification of free fatty acids (FFA) in edible and non-edible vegetable oils, including waste cooking oils, is a crucial index to assess their quality and drives their use in different application fields. NMR spectroscopy represents an alternative tool to conventional methods for the determination of FFA content, providing us with interesting advantages. Here the approaches reported in the literature based on 1H, 13C and 31P NMR are illustrated and compared, highlighting the pros and cons of the suggested strategies.

Esterification of free fatty acids in waste cooking oils (WCO): Role of ion-exchange resins

Fuel ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 1789-1798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalan Özbay ◽  
Nuray Oktar ◽  
N. Alper Tapan
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Ion Exchange Resins ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Exchange Resins ◽  
Cooking Oils

scholarly journals Production of biodiesel by esterification and transesterification from waste cooking oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-127
Author(s):  
Elsy Arenas ◽  
Aidin Urribarrí ◽  
John Sánchez ◽  
Marisela Rincón ◽  
Karina Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Hcl Concentration ◽  
Cooking Oils

Large quantities of used vegetable oils (AVUs) are generated annually, as a result of food preparation, which can cause contamination of waters and soils, if they are not disposed of properly, but in turn have great potential in the production of biodiesel. In this work, the AVU collected from fast food establishments were subjected to an esterification pretreatment, varying the reaction conditions, molar ratio, catalyst concentration and time, to decrease the content of free fatty acids generated in the frying processes; after an alkaline transesterification. The initial acidity of the AVUs (10,08 ± 0,22 %) was found to drop below 1 % during esterification at 60 °C and 100 rpm, with RMAVU:MeOH of 1: 7 and HCl concentration of 0.3 % v/v, with a conversion of free fatty acids (FFA) to methyl esters of 94.48 and 98.61 % for reaction times of 4 and 6 hours, respectively. The previously esterified AVUs were subjected to a transesterification process with KOH as a catalyst in the presence of methanol, at 60 °C and 100 rpm, finding that the biodiesel produced was a mixture composed of the methyl esters of linoleic acids (57 %), palmitic (14 %), oleic (22 %), stearic (4 %) and elaidic (3 %). The highest concentration of methyl esters (93,797 ± 0.685 g.L-1) was obtained when using the esterified AVU during 6 hours of reaction. FTIR spectra confirmed the conversion of fatty acids to methyl esters, so this product could be used as a biofuel.

High-efficient production of biofuels using spent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts and high acid value waste cooking oils

2021 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Nguyen Le-Phuc ◽  
Tri V. Tran ◽  
Thien T. Phan ◽  
Phuong T. Ngo ◽  
Quan L.M. Ha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Fluid Catalytic Cracking ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Fcc Catalysts

Efficient and low-cost alternative of lipase concentration aiming at the application in the treatment of waste cooking oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina P. Preczeski ◽  
Angela B. Kamanski ◽  
Thamarys Scapini ◽  
Aline F. Camargo ◽  
Tatiani A. Modkoski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Waste Cooking Oils ◽  
Cooking Oils

Catalyst-free microwave-assisted conversion of free fatty acids in triglyceride feedstocks with high acid content

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen Geuens ◽  
Sergey Sergeyev ◽  
Bert U.W. Maes ◽  
Serge M.F. Tavernier
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
High Acid ◽  
Catalyst Free

scholarly journals pH-Metric Determination of the Acid Value of Vegetable Oils without Titration

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya Kuselman ◽  
Yakov I Tur’yan ◽  
Oleg Y Berezin ◽  
Lina Kogan ◽  
Avinoam Shenhar
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Quality Control ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Standard Acid ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The acid value (AV) of vegetable oils is determined without titration by using a new reagent consisting of triethanolamine in a solution of water and isopropyl alcohol. When the oil sample is mixed with the reagent in the pH-metric cell, free fatty acids from the sample are extracted into the reagent ( 3 - 4 min). The initial pH, called conditional pH´, is measured, a standard acid (HC1) is added, and the final pH, pH´2, is measured. AV is calculated from the difference between pH´! and pH´2. The method is applicable for quality control of vegetable oils during their production, trade, and use

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