scholarly journals Experimental Assessment of a Methodology for the Indirect in-Cylinder Pressure Evaluation in Four-Stroke Internal Combustion Engines

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Romani ◽  
Alessandro Bianchini ◽  
Giovanni Vichi ◽  
Alessandro Bellissima ◽  
Giovanni Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Cylinder Head ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions

Recent innovations in engine control and diagnostics are providing room for development of innovative combustion approaches (e.g., low-temperature combustion) able to minimize the creation of pollutants. To ensure the constant fulfillment of the prescribed thermodynamic conditions, however, a fast real-time monitoring of the in-cylinder pressure is needed. To this end, dynamic pressure sensors, flush-mounted on the cylinder head, are commonly used. With this approach, the measurement accuracy is high, but the durability is limited by the harsh working conditions. The installation on the cylinder head is also complex. The development of robust and effective indirect measurement systems could then represent the enabler of a further development of this technology. In the present study, an innovative methodology to measure the in-cylinder pressure has been conceived and extensively tested on a four-stroke single-cylinder engine. The proposed approach is based on the analysis of the mechanical stress on the engine studs by means of a piezoelectric strain washer. This solution allows the user for a rapid and cost-effective sensor installation, described in the paper along with the signal post-processing techniques. Results showed good accuracy and robustness of the methodology, making the results of practical use for engine control.

Cylinder-Pressure-Based Engine Control Using Pressure-Ratio-Management and Low-Cost Non-Intrusive Cylinder Pressure Sensors

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Sellnau ◽  
Frederic A. Matekunas ◽  
Paul A. Battiston ◽  
Chen-Fang Chang ◽  
David R. Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure

Engine Control Using Cylinder Pressure: Past, Present, and Future

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (2B) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Powell
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Automotive Engine ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Misfire Detection ◽  
Charge Temperature

Research into the use of cylinder pressure measurements from reciprocating internal combustion engines for real time automotive engine control has been investigated for the last 20 years. The measurement has been investigated for spark timing, fuel-air ratio control, charge temperature measurements, and misfire detection. The cost of the sensors has inhibited widespread use in production vehicles; however, it was introduced in domestic Japanese production for spark control five years ago. Its use for misfire detection is also being actively considered.

scholarly journals Integrated cylinder pressure measurement for gas engine control

2011 ◽  
Vol 146 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Stefan NEUMANN
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Closed Loop Control ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Gas Engine ◽  
Amount Of Information

Closed loop control based on cylinder pressure measurement has been investigated for over 20 years. The aim has been to improve combustion control and online engine diagnostics. However the price of cylinder pressure sensors and the high demands on processor capacity have been preventing the development. Lately however sensor technologies have improved and as a result costs have been reduced. The purpose of this work is to show the large amount of information that can be read out from the cylinder pressure curve and to evaluate a cylinder pressure based closed loop engine control.

scholarly journals Development of a Primary Dynamic Calibration Method for Pressure Sensors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Platte
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Dynamic Calibration ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Pressure Transducers ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Calibration Techniques ◽  
Dynamic Calibration Method

An increasing research activity in the field of dynamic calibration of pressure transducers can be recognized at some national metrology institutes. As an example the EMPIR project “development of measurement and calibration techniques for dynamic pressures and temperatures” can be named. Despite that efforts, no national reference standard for dynamic pressure calibration is available up to now. This makes the measurement of high fluctuating pressure signals difficult and unprecise. These dynamic pressure signals appears in aerospace applications, blast test and almost every fluidic circuit which employs discontinuous discharge elements. To address that topic the authors developed a sine calibration apparatus to measure the frequency response of pressure transducers with sufficient amplitudes up to 1.2 MPa. Due to the construction of the pressure generator frequencies up to 10 kHz can be reached. Furthermore a calibration technique was developed to calculate the pressure inside a chamber primarily. The fundamental idea is to calculate the pressure based on the displacement of a piston in a pistonphone device. To do so the author had to analyses the thermodynamic conditions inside the fluid filled chamber. The paper shows that the fundamental approach was confirmed by measurements.

Semi-empirical estimation model of in-cylinder pressure for compression ignition engines

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (12) ◽  
pp. 2862-2877
Author(s):  
Youngbok Lee ◽  
Seungha Lee ◽  
Kyoungdoug Min
Keyword(s):  
Heat Release ◽  
Heat Release Rate ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Engine Control ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Compression Stroke ◽  
Engine Dynamic

There have been significant efforts in recent years to comply with automotive emission regulations. To resolve the issue, researchers have strived to reduce the emissions through combustion control. The heat release rate, or in-cylinder pressure information, is necessary to model engine-out emissions, and can also be used to optimize efficiency and emissions by controlling combustion and estimating torque for torque-based engine dynamic control. Piezoelectric pressure sensors are widely used. However, because of cost and durability issues, there have been studies which estimate the in-cylinder pressure using data available only from the engine control unit to reduce engine costs. Therefore, in this study, in-cylinder pressure was predicted, without additional pressure sensors, in light-duty diesel engines. A variable polytropic exponent model was first adopted during the compression stroke, assuming a polytropic process. A Wiebe function was then applied for describing cumulative heat release rate during the combustion phase. Using the in-cylinder pressure model, it was possible to calculate combustion-related parameters which are frequently used such as ignition delay, combustion duration, peaked pressure, and MFB50 (mass fraction burned: timing when 50% of the fuel is burned) without pressure sensors. Notwithstanding the simplification of the model which is targeting real-time applications, the model can predict the in-cylinder pressure at steady-state conditions. The pressure at the end of compression stroke, at start of main combustion timing, and when it has a peaked value by the main combustion were estimated with accuracy of R2 0.996, 0.993, and 0.956, respectively, in test engine. The model was also validated against a second engine. This study can contribute to emission models that need to calculate in-cylinder temperature using pressure data, and other studies to establish engine control strategies, including optimization through combustion control and torque prediction, which can be applied to engine dynamic control.

Cylinder Head Gasket With Integrated Miniature Combustion Pressure Sensors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek T. Wlodarczyk ◽  
David Toth
Keyword(s):  
Cylinder Head ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Combustion Pressure ◽  
Indicated Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Cylinder Head Gasket

The design and preliminary performance of a multi layer metal cylinder head gasket with integrated 1.7mm diameter combustion pressure sensors is described. The pressure sensors are either removable from the gasket without need for engine head removal or permanently fixed to the gasket. The gasket design is suitable for all sizes and types of internal combustion engines including gasoline, diesel, or alternative fuel, with peak pressures ranging from 100bar to 350bar. The sensors’ diaphragms are positioned semi-flush with the gasket surface exposed to combustion gasses while the sensors’ sealing surfaces are located 5mm-7mm from the diaphragms. The devices miniature signal conditioners are mounted inside a gasket extension protruding beyond the engine block. The miniature fiber optic pressure sensor operates on the principle of light intensity changes transmitted by two fibers upon reflection from a metal diaphragm deflecting under the effect of cylinder pressure. Preliminary test results are reported here collected on a 4-cylinder gasoline engine demonstrating good agreement with a reference transducer. When optimized, it is expected that a gasket integrated sensor will offer the accuracy of +/-1.5% enabling advanced engine controls based on Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP), Mass Fraction Burned (MFB), Peak Pressure as well as control of pilot fuel injection and virtual Mass Air Flow and NOx sensing.

scholarly journals Voltage rise anemometry in turbulent flows applied to internal combustion engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wörner ◽  
Gregor Rottenkolber
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Combustion Engines ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Voltage Rise ◽  
Mathematical Correlation ◽  
Thermodynamic Conditions ◽  
Secondary Voltage ◽  
Cylinder Flow

AbstractIn an experimental procedure, a voltage rise anemometry is developed as a measurement technique for turbulent flows. Initially, fundamental investigations on a specific wind tunnel were performed for basic understanding and calibration purpose. Thus, a mathematical correlation is derived for calculating flow from measured secondary voltage of an ignition system under different thermodynamic conditions. Subsequently, the derived method was applied on a spark-ignited engine to measure in-cylinder flow. Therefore, no changes on combustion chamber were necessary avoiding any interferences of the examined flow field. Comparing four different engine configurations, a study of mean flow and turbulence was performed. Moreover, the results show a clear correlation between measured turbulence and analysed combustion parameters. Graphic abstract

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