scholarly journals ICT Based Performance Evaluation of Primary Frequency Control Support from Renewable Power Plants in Smart Grids

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Shahid ◽  
Müfit Altin ◽  
Lars Mikkelsen ◽  
Rasmus Løvenstein Olsen ◽  
Florin Iov
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control

Evaluation of System Effectiveness of Multifunctional Hydrogen Complex at Nuclear Power Plants

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-39
Author(s):  
R. Z. Aminov ◽  
A. N. Bayramov ◽  
M. V. Garievskii
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Current Frequency ◽  
Main Equipment ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control

The paper gives the analysis of the problem of the primary current frequency regulation in the power system, as well as the basic requirements for NPP power units under the conditions of involvement in the primary regulation. According to these requirements, the operation of NPPs is associated with unloading and a corresponding decrease in efficiency. In this regard, the combination of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex is shown to eliminate the inefficient discharge mode which allows the steam turbine equipment and equipment of the reactor facility to operate in the basic mode at the nominal power level. In addition, conditions are created for the generation and accumulation of hydrogen and oxygen during the day, as well as additionally during the nighttime failure of the electrical load which allows them to be used to generate peak power.  The purpose of the article is to assess the systemic economic effect as a result of the participation of nuclear power plants in combination with the hydrogen complex in the primary control of the current frequency in the power sys-tem, taking into account the resource costs of the main equipment. In this regard, the paper gives the justification of cyclic loading of the main equipment of the hydrogen complex: metal storage tanks of hydrogen and oxygen, compressor units, hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber of vapor-hydrogen overheating of the working fluid in the steam turbine cycle of a nuclear power plant. The methodological foundations for evaluating the working life of equipment under cyclic loading with the participation in the primary frequency control by the criterion of the growth rate of a fatigue crack are described. For the equipment of the hydrogen complex, the highest intensity of loading is shown to occur in the hydrogen-oxygen combustion chamber due to high thermal stresses.  The system economic effect is estimated and the effect of wear of the main equipment under cyclic loading is shown. Under the conditions of combining NPP power units with a hydrogen complex, the efficiency of primary reg-ulation is shown to depend significantly on: the cost of equipment subjected to cyclic loading; frequency and intensity of cyclic loading; the ratio of the tariff for peak electricity, and the cost of electricity of nuclear power plants.  Based on the developed methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the participation of nuclear power plants with a hydrogen complex in the primary frequency control, taking into account the damage to the equipment, the use of the hydrogen complex is shown to provide a tangible economic effect compared with the option of unloading nuclear power plants with direct participation in frequency control.

scholarly journals Digital Identification Algorithms for Primary Frequency Control in Unified Power System

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (22) ◽  
pp. 2875
Author(s):  
Natalia Bakhtadze ◽  
Evgeny Maximov ◽  
Natalia Maximova
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Inductive Learning ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Generating Equipment ◽  
Real Time Identification ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control

The article studies and develops the methods for assessing the degree of participation of power plants in the general primary frequency control in a unified energy system (UES) of Russia based on time series analysis of frequency and power. To identify the processes under study, methods of associative search are proposed. The methods are based on process knowledgebase development, data mining, associative research, and inductive learning. Real-time identification models generated using these algorithms can be used in automatic control and decision support systems. Evaluation of the behavior of individual UES members enables timely prevention of abnormal and emergency situations. Methods for predictive diagnostics of generating equipment in terms of their readiness to participate in the primary frequency control are also proposed. In view of the non-stationarity of the load in electrical networks, the algorithms have been developed using wavelet analysis. Case studies are given showing the operating of the proposed methods.

scholarly journals Testing Photovoltaic Power Plants for Participation in General Primary Frequency Control under Various Topology and Operating Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Andrey Rylov ◽  
Pavel Ilyushin ◽  
Aleksandr Kulikov ◽  
Konstantin Suslov
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Power Flow Control ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Full Scale Tests ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
Primary Frequency Control

The energy transition is accompanied by developing a digital decentralized low-carbon energy infrastructure with renewable-based generating plants as its main elements. In 2020, 15 photovoltaic power plants (PVPs) with an installed capacity of 364 MW were commissioned in Russia, which is 21.08% of the total installed PVP capacity of Russia. The findings of an analysis of Russia's current regulatory and technical documents (RTD) concerning the frequency and active power flow control are presented. They indicate that all PVPs must participate in the general primary frequency control (GPFC). This requirement is due to large frequency deviations of transient processes resulting from an emergency active power shortage, which can shut down frequency-maintaining generating plants by relay or process protection devices and industrial consumers with significant damage to them. The requirements suggest full-scale tests of PVP to confirm their readiness for participation in GPFC. The program and results of checking the algorithm of change in the PVP active power, depending on frequency, are demonstrated with an example of one PVP. The full-scale tests confirmed the compliance of the certified PVP with this requirement. The plans for involving PVPs in the power flow control under various topology and operation conditions are considered.

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