scholarly journals Wavelet Transform Analysis of Heart Rate to Assess Recovery Time for Long Distance Runners

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Redlarski ◽  
Janusz Siebert ◽  
Marek Krawczuk ◽  
Arkadiusz Zak ◽  
Ludmila Danilowicz-Szymanowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Time Signals ◽  
Wavelet Transform Analysis

The diagnostics of the condition of athletes has become a field of special scientific interest and activity. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a long (100 km) run on a group of runners, as well as to assess the recovery time that is required for them to return to the pre-run state. The heart rate (HR) data presented were collected the day before the extreme physical effort, on the same day as, but after, the physical effort, as well as 24 and 48 h after. The Wavelet Transform (WT) and the Wavelet-based Fractal Analysis (WBFA) were implemented in the analysis. A tool was constructed that, based on quantitative data, enables one to confirm the completion of the recovery process that is related to the extreme physical effort. Indirectly, a tool was constructed that enables one to confirm the completion of the recovery process. The obtained information proves that the return to the resting state of the body after a significant physical effort can be observed after two days entirely through the analysis of the HR. Certain practical measures were used to differentiate between two substantially different states of the human body, i.e., pre- and post-effort states were constructed. The obtained results allow for us to state that WBFA appears to be a useful and robust tool in the determination of hidden features of stochastic signals, such as HR time signals. The proposed method allows one to differentiate between particular days of measurements with a mean probability of 92.2%.

scholarly journals Responsiveness of The Countermovement Jump and Handgrip Strength to an Incremental Running Test in Endurance Athletes: Influence of Sex

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Felipe García-Pinillos ◽  
Pedro Delgado-Floody ◽  
Cristian Martínez-Salazar ◽  
Pedro Á. Latorre-Román
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Strength Performance

AbstractThe present study analyzed the acute effects of an incremental running test on countermovement jump (CMJ) and handgrip strength performance in endurance athletes, considering the effect of post-exercise recovery time and sex. Thirty-three recreationally trained long-distance runners, 20 men and 13 women, participated voluntarily in this study. The participants performed the Léger test, moreover, the CMJ and handgrip strength tests were carried out before and after the running test and during different stages of recovery (at the 1st min of recovery (posttest1), 5th min of recovery (posttest2), and 10th min of recovery (posttest3)). Two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant improvement in the CMJ (pre-posttest1,p= 0.001) and handgrip strength (pre-posttest2,p= 0.017) during recovery time. The Pearson’s Chi-2 test showed no significant relationship (p≥ 0.05) between sex and post-activation potentiation (PAP). A linear regression analysis pointed to heart rate recovery as a predictive factor of CMJ improvement (PAP). In conclusion, despite significant fatigue reached during the Léger test, the long-distance runners did not experience an impaired CMJ and handgrip strength performance, either men or women, achieving an improvement (PAP) in posttest conditions. The results obtained showed no significant relationship between sex and PAP. Moreover, significant effect of recovery after running at high intensity on CMJ performance and handgrip strength was found. Finally, the data suggest that PAP condition can be predicted by heart rate recovery in endurance runners.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact of a Multi-Strain Probiotic on Body Composition and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Long-Distance Runners

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3758
Author(s):  
Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka ◽  
Lucyna Ostrowska ◽  
Joanna Leszczyńska ◽  
Karolina Orywal ◽  
Urszula Cwalina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Double Blind Study ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Use of probiotic supplements, the benefits of which have not been proven in sportspeople, is becoming more widespread among runners. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-strain probiotic on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness and inflammation in the body. The randomised, double-blind study included 66 long-distance runners. The intervention factor was a multi-strain probiotic or placebo. At the initial and final stages of the study, evaluation of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness was performed and the presence of inflammation determined. In the group of men using the probiotic, an increase in lean body mass (p = 0.019) and skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.022) was demonstrated, while in the group of women taking the probiotic, a decrease in the content of total body fat (p = 0.600) and visceral fat (p = 0.247) was observed. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) increased in women (p = 0.140) and men (p = 0.017) using the probiotic. Concentration of tumour necrosis factor-alpha decreased in women (p = 0.003) and men (p = 0.001) using the probiotic and in women (p = 0.074) and men (p = 0.016) using the placebo. Probiotic therapy had a positive effect on selected parameters of body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of study participants and showed a tendency to reduce inflammation.

scholarly journals Investigating the effect of the body mass index (BMI) values on the behavior of human energy expenditure

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugiono Sugiono ◽  
Sudjito Suparman ◽  
Teguh Oktiarso ◽  
Willy Satrio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Rest Heart Rate ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Human Energy

Employee durability is a critical factor to improve a company performance. Company management must control employee health conditions. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of office worker’s BMI variation on human energy expenditure behavior including the recovery process. This study started with literature reviews of BMI, human biology, energy expenditure, and physiology ergonomics. The data was collected randomly from 126 nonphysical office workers in productive ages from 20 to 40 years old. The BMI, resting heart rate, activity heart rate, and recovery heart rate of all respondents then recorded. The results shows that the respondents BMI scores are classified into underweight (BMI <18.5) with totaling = 4%, healthy weight (18.5 ≤ BMI ≤ 22.9) = 34.1%, light obesity (23 ≤ BMI ≤ 24.9) = 23%, medium obesity (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 29.9) = 29.4%, and weight obesity (BMI> 30) = 9.5%. The underweight class has the lowest average rest heart rate = 68.6 bpm and the overweight class has the highest average rest heart rate = 84.6 bpm. Consequently, heart rate during activity for each class from underweight to overweight is 88.4 bpm, 90.9 bpm, 93.3 bpm, 95.1 bpm, and 98.6 bpm. With the same order, the heart rate reduction percentage during the recovery phase is 4.6%, 11.0%, 13.1%, 16.0%, and 8.8%. In brief, the BMI variation strongly correlated with Time to Recovery (TTR) of nonphysical office workers.

scholarly journals Body composition among long distance runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Joana Rosado ◽  
João P. Duarte ◽  
Paulo Sousa-e-Silva ◽  
Daniela C. Costa ◽  
Diogo V. Martinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to examine the body composition of adult male ultra-trail runners (UTR) according to their level of participation (regional UTR-R, vs. national UTR-N). METHODS The sample was composed of 44 adult male UTR (aged 36.5±7.2 years; UTR-R: n=25; UTR-N: n=19). Body composition was assessed by air displacement plethysmography, bioelectrical impedance, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In addition, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was applied. A comparison between the groups was performed using independent samples t-test. RESULTS Significant differences between groups contrasting in the competitive level were found for chronological age (in years; UTR-R: 38.8±8.2 vs. UTR-N: 33.5±4.1); body density (in L.kg-1; UTR-R: 1.062±0.015 vs. UTR-N: 1.074±0.009); and fat mass (in kg; UTR-R: 12.7±6.8 vs. UTR-N: 7.6±2.7). CONCLUSION UTR-N were younger, presented higher values for body density, and had less fat mass, although no significant differences were found for fat-free mass. The current study evidenced the profile of long-distance runners and the need for weight management programs to regulate body composition.

scholarly journals Wavelet transform analysis of heart rate variability during dipyridamole-induced myocardial ischemia: Relation to angiographic severity and echocardiographic dyssynergy

1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Petretta ◽  
Letizia Spinelli ◽  
Fortunato Marciano ◽  
Maria L. Vicario ◽  
Gianluca Testa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Wavelet Transform Analysis

Training load in direct start preparation (DSP) in sitting volleyball players

Physiotherapy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Bolach ◽  
Michał Stańdo ◽  
Eugeniusz Bolach
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Average Heart Rate ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
The Disabled

Abstract: The objective of the elaboration was to assess the degree of physical load in direct start preparation (DSP) during preparations of disabled sitting volleyball players for the Polish championships.: Players of the “Start” Sports Club of the Disabled in Wroclaw who play sitting volleyball professionally participated in the study. The subjects of the study were men aged 17 to 53 (average age: 31.9); they have been playing sitting volleyball for 2.5 to 33 years. Twelve sitting volleyball players with various disabilities concerning uni- and bilateral amputation within the lower leg and thigh, with malformation and short lower limbs participated in the study.: The study involved assessment of the exercise capacity of sitting volleyball players during 7 training units in introductory and intensifying micro-cycles within DSP. Heart rate results at six moments (at the beginning, in the 10: Years of training significantly correlated with age of the participants. The participants were characterized by significantly lower resting heart rate in the intensifying micro-cycle than in the introductory microcycle which may result from adaptation of the body to physical effort. The largest differences in average heart rate values at the considered moments of training units in training micro-cycles within DSP were observed in the measurement of resting heat rate and final heart rate. Standard deviation in the introductory micro-cycle and the intensifying micro-cycle within DSP was growing in a linear manner, except for the peak heart rate index. Resting heart rate significantly impacted the value of heart rate during training units within DSP.Volleyball players participating in the study were characterized by significantly lower resting hear rate in the intensifying micro-cycle than in the introductory micro-cycle within DSP which may result from adaptation of the body to physical effort. The lowest percentage difference of the average heart rate value occurred in the assessment of final heart rate, while at the remaining moments of training units heart rate values reached the same percentage value. The course of regeneration in both compared micro-cycles (DSP) was similar and it did not vary significantly. Restoring the value of resting heart rate occurred after more than 15 minutes after training.

scholarly journals Statistical study of changes in motor quality (speed) following a moderate beer consumption

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Beer Consumption

Background and objectives: Beer consumed in moderation (330 mL/day for women and 660 mL/day for men, up to 5% alcohol) may have certain benefits for the human body, due to natural ingredients, but especially due to important sources of protein, fiber and antioxidants. According to specialized studies, beer consumed in moderation can have beneficial effects on the body. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 50 subjects selected based on characteristics such as age, height, weight and not after exercising or doing physical activities. All research subjects benefited from two evaluations (initial and final), consisting of: physical examination, EKG examination, body hydration analysis, adipose tissue analysis, muscle tissue analysis, heart rate analysis and speed motor quality. These analyses were performed daily for a period of seven days, both for the initial and the final evaluation (a total of 14 days of assessments). Results: Between the two evaluations, subjects consumed 660 mL of beer with up to 5% alcohol daily (WHO recommended dose) for 30 days. The results obtained (at the initial and final evaluation) were inventoried and statistically processed using statistical programs. It was found that moderate beer consumption (660 mL of beer with up to 5% alcohol) daily for a period of 30 days can lead to an increase in body hydration, a decrease in adipose tissue as well as an increase in muscle mass. In addition, a decrease in heart rate was observed after physical activity (short running on 100 m), which leads us to a better adaptation of the body after intense physical effort. Discussion and conclusion: Moderate beer consumption (660 mL/day for men, up to 5% alcohol, WHO recommended dose) can have beneficial effects on body hydration, adipose and muscle tissue, and better adaptation of the body after intense physical effort.

scholarly journals Elite swimmers do not exhibit a body mass index trade-off across a wide range of event distances

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1882) ◽  
pp. 20180684
Author(s):  
Christian M. Gagnon ◽  
Michael E. Steiper ◽  
Herman Pontzer
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Elite Swimmers ◽  
Performance Capability ◽  
And Performance

There is a trade-off reflected in the contrasting phenotypes of elite long-distance runners, who are typically leaner, and elite sprinters, who are usually more heavily muscled. It is unclear, however, whether and how swimmers' bodies vary across event distances from the 50 m swim, which is about a 20–30 s event, to the 10 000 m marathon swim, which is about a 2 h event. We examined data from the 2012 Olympics to test whether swimmers’ phenotypes differed across event distances. We show that across all swimming event distances, from the 50 m sprint to the 10 000 m marathon, swimmers converge on a single optimal body mass index (BMI) in men's and women's events, in marked contrast with the strong inverse relationship between BMI and event distance found in runners. The absence of a speed–endurance trade-off in the body proportions of swimmers indicates a fundamental difference in design pressures and performance capability in terrestrial versus aquatic environments.

scholarly journals The Entrainment Frequency of Cardiolocomotor Synchronization in Long-Distance Race Emerges Spontaneously at the Step Frequency

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberito R. de Carvalho ◽  
Renan dos S. Coimbra ◽  
Eric M. Thomas ◽  
Martín C. Rodríguez Paz ◽  
Barbara Pellegrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wavelet Decomposition ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Wavelet Coherence ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Distance Runners ◽  
Step Frequency ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Long Distance Race

In forced conditions, where the heart rate and step frequency have been matched, cardiolocomotor synchronization (CLS) has been recognized. However, knowledge about the occurrence of CLS and its triggers in sports gesture in real contexts is little known. To address this gap, the current study tested the hypothesis that CLS in running spontaneous conditions would emerge at entrainment bands of muscle activation frequencies associated with a freely chosen step frequency. Sixteen male long-distance runners undertook treadmill assessments running ten three-minute bouts at different speeds (7, 7.5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 km⋅h–1). Electrocardiography and surface electromyography were recorded simultaneously. The center frequency was the mean of the frequency spectrum obtained by wavelet decomposition, while CLS magnitude was determined by the wavelet coherence coefficient (WCC) between the electrocardiography and center frequency signals. The strength of CLS affected the entrainment frequencies between cardiac and muscle systems, and for WCC values greater than 0.8, the point from which we consider the emerging CLS, the entrainment frequency was between 2.7 and 2.8 Hz. The CLS emerged at faster speeds (13–15 km⋅h–1) most prevalently but did not affect the muscle activation bands. Spontaneous CLS occurred at faster speeds predominantly, and the entrainment frequencies matched the locomotor task, with the entrainment bands of frequencies emerging around the step frequencies (2.7–2.8 Hz). These findings are compatible with the concept that interventions that determine optima conditions of CLS may potentiate the benefits of the cardiac and muscle systems synchronized in distance runners.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document