scholarly journals Hybrid Energy Network Management: Simulation and Optimisation of Large Scale PV Coupled with Hydrogen Generation

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1734
Author(s):  
Marco Cerchio ◽  
Francesco Gullí ◽  
Maurizio Repetto ◽  
Antonino Sanfilippo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Hybrid Energy

The power production of electrical Renewable Energy Sources (RES), mainly PV and wind energy, is affected by their primary source of energy: solar radiation value or wind strength. Electrical networks with a large share of these sources must manage temporal imbalances of supply and demand. Hybrid Energy Networks (HEN) can mitigate the effects of this unbalancing by providing a connection between the electricity grid and and other energy vectors such as heat, gas or hydrogen. These couplings can activate synergies among networks that, all together, increase the share of renewable sources helping a decarbonisation of the energy sector. As the energy system becomes more and more complex, the need for simulation and optimisation tools increases. Mathematical optimisation can be used to look for a management strategy maximising a specific target, for instance economical, i.e. the minimum management cost, or environmental as the best exploitation or RES. The present work presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimisation procedure that looks for the minimum running cost of a system made up by a large-scale PV plant where hydrogen production, storage and conversion to electricity is present. In addition, a connection to a natural gas grid where hydrogen can be sold is considered. Different running strategies are studied and analysed as functions of electricity prices and other forms of electrical energy exploitation.

scholarly journals A Competitive Swarm Optimizer-Based Technoeconomic Optimization with Appliance Scheduling in Domestic PV-Battery Hybrid Systems

Complexity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Bo Wang ◽  
Yanjing Li ◽  
Fei Yang ◽  
Xiaohua Xia
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Specific Power ◽  
Objective Functions ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Time Scheduling ◽  
Numerical Solver

A technoeconomic optimization problem for a domestic grid-connected PV-battery hybrid energy system is investigated. It incorporates the appliance time scheduling with appliance-specific power dispatch. The optimization is aimed at minimizing energy cost, maximizing renewable energy penetration, and increasing user satisfaction over a finite horizon. Nonlinear objective functions and constraints, as well as discrete and continuous decision variables, are involved. To solve the proposed mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem at a large scale, a competitive swarm optimizer-based numerical solver is designed and employed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified by simulation results.

scholarly journals Flexibility Assessment of Multi-Energy Residential and Commercial Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2704
Author(s):  
António Coelho ◽  
Filipe Soares ◽  
João Peças Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Integration Of Renewables

With the growing concern about decreasing CO 2 emissions, renewable energy sources are being vastly integrated in the energy systems worldwide. This will bring new challenges to the network operators, which will need to find sources of flexibility to cope with the variable-output nature of these technologies. Demand response and multi-energy systems are being widely studied and considered as a promising solution to mitigate possible problems that may occur in the energy systems due to the large-scale integration of renewables. In this work, an optimal model to manage the resources and loads within residential and commercial buildings was developed, considering consumers preferences, electrical network restrictions and CO 2 emissions. The flexibility that these buildings can provide was analyzed and quantified. Additionally, it was shown how this model can be used to solve technical problems in electrical networks, comparing the performance of two scenarios of flexibility provision: flexibility obtained only from electrical loads vs. flexibility obtained from multi-energy loads. It was proved that multi-energy systems bring more options of flexibility, as they can rely on non-electrical resources to supply the same energy needs and thus relieve the electrical network. It was also found that commercial buildings can offer more flexibility during the day, while residential buildings can offer more during the morning and evening. Nonetheless, Multi-Energy System (MES) buildings end up having higher CO 2 emissions due to a higher consumption of natural gas.

scholarly journals Energy Management Optimization Techniques for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Management Optimization

A Smart Grid is a reviving structure of traditional centralized power sector which incorporates smart software and hardware technologies. It provides communication among the prosumers and consumers to achieve sustainability and reliability in an economical way. A microgrid (MG) is a unit of smart grid which consists of distributed energy sources with renewable energy sources, energy storage units and variable loads. Because of stochastic nature of renewable energy sources to maintain balance between supply and demand a novel hybrid energy management controller need to be devised. This paper presents various operational objectives and constraints associated with energy management system of hybrid energy system. Also it compares and discusses various optimization algorithms in the literature.

scholarly journals Open data base analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Gorjão ◽  
Richard Jumar ◽  
Heiko Maass ◽  
Veit Hagenmeyer ◽  
G. Cigdem Yalcin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Data Base ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System

Abstract The electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community. Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances. However, to validate any theory, empirical data from large-scale power systems are necessary but are rarely shared openly. Here, we analyse an open data base of measurements of electric power grid frequencies across 17 locations in 12 synchronous areas on three continents. The power grid frequency is of particular interest, as it indicates the balance of supply and demand and carries information on deterministic, stochastic, and control influences. We perform a broad analysis of the recorded data, compare different synchronous areas and validate a previously conjectured scaling law. Furthermore, we show how fluctuations change from local independent oscillations to a homogeneous bulk behaviour. Overall, the presented open data base and analyses may constitute a step towards more shared, collaborative energy research.

scholarly journals Development of a power transformer model for high-frequency transient phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
L. Braña ◽  
◽  
A. Costa ◽  
R. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Transformer Model

In recent years, the proliferation of distributed renewable energy sources and the application of new rules for the exploitation of electrical networks imposed by the markets have dictated increasingly demanding operating conditions for electric power transformers, creating new challenges in their exploration and conservation. Transformers that, in addition to the transmission lines, are certainly the most important and critical element of any electrical energy system. Adequate models are necessary to accurately describe transformer behavior and internal response when submitted to different external requests imposed by the network, particularly during transient phenomena, as well as, to properly assess system vulnerabilities and network optimization. This effort is being carried out today by several research groups in the world, namely from Cigré and IEEE. In this work, a transformer model to be integrated into a timedomain equivalent circuit is developed and discussed. Results obtained with this model are compared with measurements obtained by the Cigré JWG A2/C4.52 in a power transformer used as a reference for the working group.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of Power-to-Heat Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Alberto Vannoni ◽  
Alessandro Sorce ◽  
Alberto Traverso ◽  
Aristide Fausto Massardo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thermal Source ◽  
Economic Point

The heating and cooling sector, responsible for a large fraction of greenhouse emissions, may have a large scale impact on the energy system evolution contributing to smart industrial and domestic electrification; at the same time the recent increase of renewable energy sources installation, posing a threat in terms of grid stability, makes available a considerable amount of clean and cheap electrical energy during peak hours production. Power to heat technologies constitute a promising solution to face both these issues reducing the electric demand variability and decarbonizing the heat production. Large vapor compression heat pumps are a reliable technology able to compete, under the economic point of view, with the heat-only-boilers in order to serve district heating networks. Performance and economic profitability of a compression cycle is strongly dependent on available thermal source and the temperature of water delivered to the network. The present work explores and compares performance and economic indicators under different installation conditions, considering compression heat pumps employing four different fluids: a traditional HCF (R134a) and three natural fluids, ammonia (R717), butane (R600), and propane (R290), often preferred nowadays to HCFs due to the lower global warming potential.

scholarly journals An Efficient Algorithm for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading Using Blockchain in Microgrid Energy Markets

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid-Ur-Rahman Chowdhury ◽  
Khairul Islam ◽  
Fayazul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Trading

Electricity generation from distributed renewable energy sources is strongly increasing worldwide. Due to their intermittency in nature, the large scale integration of these renewable energy sources creates acute challenges to the existing energy system network. Thus, it is highly demanding to secure a reliable balance between energy generation and consumption. To overcome such challenges, peer-to-peer energy trading using blockchains on microgrid networks can play a significant role. In this paper, we present the concept of an efficient algorithm that can be useful for energy trading using blockchain from both the prosumers and consumers end. We also show the detailed outline of the methodology for energy transactions in a comprehensive way. The outcome of this study prove that if implemented properly this methodology can efficiently balance supply and demand locally and provide socio-economic benefits to the participants.

scholarly journals Open database analysis of scaling and spatio-temporal properties of power grid frequencies

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Rydin Gorjão ◽  
Richard Jumar ◽  
Heiko Maass ◽  
Veit Hagenmeyer ◽  
G. Cigdem Yalcin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Scaling Law ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Spatio Temporal

AbstractThe electrical energy system has attracted much attention from an increasingly diverse research community. Many theoretical predictions have been made, from scaling laws of fluctuations to propagation velocities of disturbances. However, to validate any theory, empirical data from large-scale power systems are necessary but are rarely shared openly. Here, we analyse an open database of measurements of electric power grid frequencies across 17 locations in 12 synchronous areas on three continents. The power grid frequency is of particular interest, as it indicates the balance of supply and demand and carries information on deterministic, stochastic, and control influences. We perform a broad analysis of the recorded data, compare different synchronous areas and validate a previously conjectured scaling law. Furthermore, we show how fluctuations change from local independent oscillations to a homogeneous bulk behaviour. Overall, the presented open database and analyses constitute a step towards more shared, collaborative energy research.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modelling and Analysis of Dc Micro Grid is Connected to Submarine Power System to Improvement of Stability using Droop Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4621-4627
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Power Management ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
Hybrid Energy ◽  
Micro Grid ◽  
Day By Day

Electricity usage is increasing day by day but we are unable to supply it. It needs to increase the use of renewable energy sources. Micro Grid is an alternative system to meet the rapid load changes in future with the hybrid energy system (HES). In this paper, the micro grid is constructed with combines battery and super capacitor to store the electrical energy, and the power management is done using the drop control strategy. The system is designed so that the micro grid can withstand different load challenges like step and pulse. The severity of the loss due to the sudden changes in submarine (SM) power system (SPS), voltage differences occur, it has to escape use the DC micro grid in this process analyzing the power controlling of DC micro grid, the battery, the super capacitor connected to the SPS power grid using Mat Lab/simulink.

scholarly journals County Clustering with Bioenergy as Flexible Power Unit in a Renewable Energy System

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5227
Author(s):  
Laura Stößel ◽  
Leila Poddie ◽  
Tobias Spratte ◽  
Ralf Schelenz ◽  
Georg Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Gas Emissions

The pressure on the energy sector to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is increasing. In the light of current greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector, further expansion of renewable energy sources (RES) is inevitable to reduce emissions and reach the climate goals. This study aims at investigating structural characteristics of German counties regarding advantages for self-sufficient power systems based on RES. The modelling of the power sector based on RES is coupled with a cluster analysis in order to draw a large-scale conclusion on structural characteristics beneficial or obstructive for municipal energy systems. Ten clusters are identified with the Ward algorithm in a hierarchical-agglomerative method. The results underline a further need for RES expansion projects in order to close the gap between supply and demand. Only then, bioenergy can effectively balance the offset and support a truly self-sufficient local energy system. While the model results indicate that the majority of the counties are suitable for further expansion, this suitability is to be questioned in cluster 10. High population density is a critical characteristic, because with it come both a high demand and limited sites for further RES expansion projects.

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