scholarly journals Development of a power transformer model for high-frequency transient phenomena

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
L. Braña ◽  
◽  
A. Costa ◽  
R. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Transient Phenomena ◽  
Transformer Model

In recent years, the proliferation of distributed renewable energy sources and the application of new rules for the exploitation of electrical networks imposed by the markets have dictated increasingly demanding operating conditions for electric power transformers, creating new challenges in their exploration and conservation. Transformers that, in addition to the transmission lines, are certainly the most important and critical element of any electrical energy system. Adequate models are necessary to accurately describe transformer behavior and internal response when submitted to different external requests imposed by the network, particularly during transient phenomena, as well as, to properly assess system vulnerabilities and network optimization. This effort is being carried out today by several research groups in the world, namely from Cigré and IEEE. In this work, a transformer model to be integrated into a timedomain equivalent circuit is developed and discussed. Results obtained with this model are compared with measurements obtained by the Cigré JWG A2/C4.52 in a power transformer used as a reference for the working group.

scholarly journals Design of an Emergency Energy System for a City Assisted by Renewable Energy, Case Study: Latakia, Syria

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghaeth Fandi ◽  
Vladimír Krepl ◽  
Ibrahim Ahmad ◽  
Famous Igbinovia ◽  
Tatiana Ivanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sources

Electrical energy is one of the most important daily needs. Shortage of energy can be very dangerous for any society. This can affect the standard of living and quality of life of the people and even endanger the lives of those in hospitals, and so forth. Developed countries do not face such risks in general because they have well organized electrical systems and high energy security. The developing countries are faced daily with electric system collapses, especially in the case of wars, where many parts of the electrical grid in the country can be damaged and fuel transmission lines for generators cut off. Urban areas in developing countries should have a strategic plan to deal with any unexpected occurrence of energy shortages using any available renewable energy sources. City of Latakia is located in the region which has been suffering from the consequences of war for more than six years. The fact that a high number of migrants from other cities have come to Latakia along with a lack of fuel makes the energy shortage in the city worse. An emergency system could use the cheapest available renewable energy sources in addition to few big portable generators to provide an acceptable energy supply for the most needed requirements of daily life.

scholarly journals Hybrid Energy Network Management: Simulation and Optimisation of Large Scale PV Coupled with Hydrogen Generation

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1734
Author(s):  
Marco Cerchio ◽  
Francesco Gullí ◽  
Maurizio Repetto ◽  
Antonino Sanfilippo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Hybrid Energy

The power production of electrical Renewable Energy Sources (RES), mainly PV and wind energy, is affected by their primary source of energy: solar radiation value or wind strength. Electrical networks with a large share of these sources must manage temporal imbalances of supply and demand. Hybrid Energy Networks (HEN) can mitigate the effects of this unbalancing by providing a connection between the electricity grid and and other energy vectors such as heat, gas or hydrogen. These couplings can activate synergies among networks that, all together, increase the share of renewable sources helping a decarbonisation of the energy sector. As the energy system becomes more and more complex, the need for simulation and optimisation tools increases. Mathematical optimisation can be used to look for a management strategy maximising a specific target, for instance economical, i.e. the minimum management cost, or environmental as the best exploitation or RES. The present work presents a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) optimisation procedure that looks for the minimum running cost of a system made up by a large-scale PV plant where hydrogen production, storage and conversion to electricity is present. In addition, a connection to a natural gas grid where hydrogen can be sold is considered. Different running strategies are studied and analysed as functions of electricity prices and other forms of electrical energy exploitation.

The Modelling and Simulation of 330 KV, 600 MW Shiroro Substation in the DIgSILENT Environment for Integration of Hybrid Solar PV – Hydro System to Improve Power Supply in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja from Shiroro, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Onyinyechi A. Uwaoma ◽  
Jonas N. Emechebe ◽  
Muhammed Uthman ◽  
Omotayo Oshiga ◽  
Samuel Olisa
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Energy Effect

This research paper focuses on modelling and simulation of 330 KV, 600 MW Shiroro Substation in the DIgSILENT Environment for the integration of Hybrid Solar PV – Hydro System to improve power supply in the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) of Abuja, Nigeria. A hybrid energy system is a system that combines multiple types of energy generations to satisfy the demand of the users effectively and efficiently. The Solar Photovoltaic (PV)/Hydro hybrid system consists of electrical energy generated from solar PV and hydro energy. Effect of environmental issues, reduction of fossil fuels in addition to its high cost have actively encouraged interest in great integration of renewable energy sources in power systems. This work capitalized on the possibilities of harnessing commercial solar energy and feeding it to the National grid through a nearby 330 KV substation at Shiroro Dam. The simulation is carried out in DIgSILENT (Power factory) environment. The Shiroro 16 kV, 330 kV, 600 MW Transmission Lines are modelled, and results of simulations of the five bus bars (Jebba, Shiroro, Gwagwalada, Katampe and Kaduna) voltages directly connected to Shiroro Network are: 331.8kV, 331.7 kV, 329.3 kV, 325.6 kV and 332.2 kV, respectively. All the values are within the Operational and Statutory Limits of the National Grid Code.

Study of the operation of an artificial neural network that works in the electric network in order to prevent emergency conditions.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
D. Ostrenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Electric Network ◽  
Time Dynamics ◽  
Emergency Situations

Emergency modes in electrical networks, arising for various reasons, lead to a break in the transmission of electrical energy on the way from the generating facility to the consumer. In most cases, such time breaks are unacceptable (the degree depends on the class of the consumer). Therefore, an effective solution is to both deal with the consequences, use emergency input of the reserve, and prevent these emergency situations by predicting events in the electric network. After analyzing the source [1], it was concluded that there are several methods for performing the forecast of emergency situations in electric networks. It can be: technical analysis, operational data processing (or online analytical processing), nonlinear regression methods. However, it is neural networks that have received the greatest application for solving these tasks. In this paper, we analyze existing neural networks used to predict processes in electrical systems, analyze the learning algorithm, and propose a new method for using neural networks to predict in electrical networks. Prognostication in electrical engineering plays a key role in shaping the balance of electricity in the grid, influencing the choice of mode parameters and estimated electrical loads. The balance of generation of electricity is the basis of technological stability of the energy system, its violation affects the quality of electricity (there are frequency and voltage jumps in the network), which reduces the efficiency of the equipment. Also, the correct forecast allows to ensure the optimal load distribution between the objects of the grid. According to the experience of [2], different methods are usually used for forecasting electricity consumption and building customer profiles, usually based on the analysis of the time dynamics of electricity consumption and its factors, the identification of statistical relationships between features and the construction of models.

Idejno rešenje regionalnog Data Centra kod Beograda napajanog iz obnovljivih izvora energije

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Ivan Vujović ◽  
Željko Đurišić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Infrastructure Development

Telecommunications and computer equipment centralisation trends for the purpose of achieving economic benefits, usage of technological innovations and new technical solutions implementation leads to the requirements for building bigger Data Centres (DCs). An increase in the size of the DC facility i.e. the number of racks inside occupied with equipment and the number of devices that enables the proper functioning of that equipment leads to necessarily power energy requirements increasing for power supply. For the DCs that require a large amount of energy, the building of their own, usually renewable energy sources (RES) is cost-effective. In such a caser, RES are primary and Power System (PS) is secondary and redundant power source. A concept of a DC primary powered from RES is presented in this paper. Generated electrical energy in RES is transmitted in PS through high voltage switch-gears (SGs) while DC is power supplied from PS through low voltage, medium voltage and high voltage SG-s. For the purpose of realisation of such facility, it is necessary to enable adequate conditions related to geographical location, physical access to the facility, possibility of connecting to the PS and possibility of connecting to the telecommunications centres. Based on carried out researches related to RESs potential, available roads, power supply infrastructure and telecommunication infrastructure, development conditions for DC on location near to Belgrade, close to power transformer station „Belgrade 20“ are analysed in this paper. From the aspect of DC power supply, proposed solution includes wind farm, solar plant and landfill gas power plant, as well as related SGs. Telecommunication connections from DC to the PS and other important telecommunication centres are provided. These connections are realised through optical cables placed next to the electrical lines and cables, and, when that is not possible, placed independently in the ground. The design of the DC interior is given and calculations of the required electrical energy for the power supply of the equipment and devices in the facility are performed. Based on calculation results, capacity calculation of the RES and calculation of SGs are performed. Design of the interior optical connections inside DC is also given. A General assessment of the investment and economics of building such DC are given at the end of the paper.

scholarly journals Powering Multiple Gas Condensate Wells in Russia’s Arctic: Power Supply Systems Based on Renewable Energy Sources

Resources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Gennadiy Stroykov ◽  
Alexey Y. Cherepovitsyn ◽  
Elizaveta A. Iamshchikova
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gas Condensate ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Power Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Sources

Using renewable energy off-grid power supply and choosing the right equipment that meets the operating conditions in the Arctic can provide companies with reliable power sources for producing gas at facilities located in remote areas and will reduce capital and operating costs associated with the construction of power transmission lines. For more than 15 years, a remote control system powered by renewable energy has been used in parallel with power transmission lines by Gazprom to operate its multiwell pads in Russia’s Far North, which validates the relevance of this study. The subject of the study is a group of gas condensate wells that consists of four multiwell pads operated by Wintershall Russland GmbH. The article discusses a stand-alone renewable-based power system as an option for powering remote oil and gas production facilities. The procedures used in the study include calculating such parameters as power output and power consumption, choosing equipment, describing the design features of a power supply system for a multiwell pad, conducting an economic assessment of the project, comparing different power supply options, analyzing project risks, and developing measures to mitigate these risks.

scholarly journals Power unit float oscillation on the surface of the waves

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
E. A. Bekirov ◽  
D. V. Karkach ◽  
E. R. Murtazaev
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Unit ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Forced Oscillations ◽  
Wave Power ◽  
Sea Waves ◽  
Integro Differential Equation

One of the urgent tasks of using renewable energy sources is the use of a power unit for converting the energy of sea waves into electrical energy. An important element of the design process of a wave power plant is to carry out mathematical modeling of its operation under various operating conditions to determine the output power and conduct a feasibility study. The process of converting the energy of sea waves into electrical energy for the proposed type of wave power plant is based on forced vertical oscillations of the power unit's float caused by sea waves. The mathematical model of the behavior of the float connected to the generator is based on the integro-differential equation of forced oscillations and makes it possible to determine the dynamics of its oscillations and draw a conclusion about the power taken from the generator connected to the float. The article presents the calculations of the dynamics of the float connected to the generator, the wave equation, the integro-differential equation of the float oscillations, the modeling of the incident wave and the float power unit is carried out. Data on the length, period and height of waves in the Black Sea off the coast of Crimea are used according to official forecasts and observations.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF DESIGN APPROACH TO IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 290-295
Author(s):  
A. Yevdokymova ◽  
A. Dehtiarenko ◽  
N. Petrenko
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Energy Network

The paper analyzes the peculiarities of the development of the energy sector in Ukraine, as well as in European countries. Existing approaches to energy production are shown. The situation in Ukraine has changed in recent years. Energy production has shifted from centralized to distributed. The emergence of new types of power plants has made it possible to connect to the grid in places where it was previously impossible, a large number of consumers already have their own power units. Therefore, managing the energy network is becoming increasingly complex and therefore requires new approaches. The normative and legislative beginning of the active development of alternative energy in Ukraine already exists, and European and world experience should help Ukraine achieve energy independence and high environmental standards. Existing problems in the development of power grids arise due to the intensive growth of production and consumption of electricity, while the management of power systems is complicated by the growing share of distributed and renewable energy sources with changing production schedule. Improved controllability of electrical networks allows to prevent emergencies by load control programs, division of the network into autonomous zones, etc. Investment is a crucial factor in creating a flexible and efficient power grid based on innovative technical solutions. Implementation of energy efficiency projects is a guideline for improving the intelligent level of the energy system, which will allow energy companies to manage the energy network as a single system, increase profitability, reliability and uninterrupted, reduce technical and commercial losses, improve network management and efficiency. An important role is played by the interaction of all stakeholders in projects - the state, production, energy and energy sales companies, consumers and equipment manufacturers. Thus, the international experience in the transmission and distribution of electricity creates opportunities for successfully implementing projects for the introduction of energy-efficient technologies in our Ukraine.

scholarly journals Flexibility Assessment of Multi-Energy Residential and Commercial Buildings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2704
Author(s):  
António Coelho ◽  
Filipe Soares ◽  
João Peças Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Integration Of Renewables

With the growing concern about decreasing CO 2 emissions, renewable energy sources are being vastly integrated in the energy systems worldwide. This will bring new challenges to the network operators, which will need to find sources of flexibility to cope with the variable-output nature of these technologies. Demand response and multi-energy systems are being widely studied and considered as a promising solution to mitigate possible problems that may occur in the energy systems due to the large-scale integration of renewables. In this work, an optimal model to manage the resources and loads within residential and commercial buildings was developed, considering consumers preferences, electrical network restrictions and CO 2 emissions. The flexibility that these buildings can provide was analyzed and quantified. Additionally, it was shown how this model can be used to solve technical problems in electrical networks, comparing the performance of two scenarios of flexibility provision: flexibility obtained only from electrical loads vs. flexibility obtained from multi-energy loads. It was proved that multi-energy systems bring more options of flexibility, as they can rely on non-electrical resources to supply the same energy needs and thus relieve the electrical network. It was also found that commercial buildings can offer more flexibility during the day, while residential buildings can offer more during the morning and evening. Nonetheless, Multi-Energy System (MES) buildings end up having higher CO 2 emissions due to a higher consumption of natural gas.

scholarly journals Power flow management analysis using compensating techniques for managing congestion within electrical energy network

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalpa Jobanputra ◽  
Chetan Kotwal
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Congestion Management ◽  
Power Lines ◽  
Distributed Network ◽  
Flow Management ◽  
Voltage Quality ◽  
Shunt Series

AbstractIn a deregulated electrical energy system with increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, rescheduling of the power generation(s) is required, and it is going to congest some of the power lines in the complex power system. The power flow can be managed using different compensating techniques. This study presents power flow management analysis using selected compensation technologies (i.e. series, shunt, series-shunt, and D-FACTS) for congestion alleviation. In this work, an IEEE 6 bus distributed network is used and the mentioned compensating techniques are evaluated for congestion management considering a case of power line outage. It is observed some of the power lines are overloaded by 10%. To reduce the overloading; the series, shunt, series-shunt, D-FACTS compensation technologies are used and found that they can reduce the active power overloading of the congested line by 27%, 9.5%, 12%, and 27% respectively. But the apparent power congestions can be reduced using series and D-FACTS techniques by 14% compare to shunt and series-shunt techniques. It is affirmed that the D-FACTS can effectively manage the power flow compare to other compensation techniques and can offer other benefits (e.g. voltage quality, line power flows, injection of power at the buses, reduction in power losses, etc.).

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