scholarly journals Requirements for Validation of Dynamic Wind Turbine Models: An International Grid Code Review

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1707
Author(s):  
Raquel Villena-Ruiz ◽  
Andrés Honrubia-Escribano ◽  
Francisco Jiménez-Buendía ◽  
Ángel Molina-García ◽  
Emilio Gómez-Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
National Network ◽  
Power Installations

Wind power is positioned as one of the fastest-growing energy sources today, while also being a mature technology with a strong capacity for creating employment and guaranteeing environmental sustainability. However, the stochastic nature of wind may affect the integration of power plants into power systems and the availability of generation capacity. In this sense, as in the case of conventional power plants, wind power installations should be able to help maintain power system stability and reliability. To help achieve this objective, a significant number of countries have developed so-called grid interconnection agreements. These are designed to define the technical and behavioral requirements that wind power installations, as well as other power plants, must comply with when seeking connection to the national network. These documents also detail the tasks that should be conducted to certify such installations, so these can be commercially exploited. These certification processes allow countries to assess wind turbine and wind power plant simulation models. These models can then be used to estimate and simulate wind power performance under a variety of scenarios. Within this framework, and with a particular focus on the new Spanish grid code, the present paper addresses the validation process of dynamic wind turbine models followed in three countries—Spain, Germany and South Africa. In these three countries, and as a novel option, it has been proposed that these models form part of the commissioning and certification processes of wind power plants.

scholarly journals Control of a Wind Power Plant with a Synchronous Permanent Magnet Generator and a Magnetic Variator

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-96
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Achitaev ◽  
Konstantin A. Barkhatov ◽  
Sergey N. Udalov,
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Currently, the use of wind power plants with magnetic speed reduction is beginning to develop in the world literature. Features of the application of these systems in combination with a wind power plant allows you to solve the issue of its interface with the electric power system. The controlled flexible connection between the turbine and the generator makes it possible to coordinate the control of the load angle of the synchronous generator. In this paper, we consider a developed controller that provides integrated control of a wind turbine with a magnetic variator with a variable pitch of the blade angle and a variable speed of rotation of the wind turbine. A promising direction for the construction of wind power systems is currently the use of electromagnetic variators as part of wind power plants. This work is devoted to the study of electric power systems that include wind turbines with electromagnetic variators. The variator is built between the wind turbine and the generator, instead of a mechanical gearbox. The high-speed change in the torque of the electromagnetic variator allows you to keep the speed of the generator. Due to the inherent non-linearity of the wind turbine and CVT, a set of operational and emergency modes was defined and then the controller was designed for each operating point. In addition, the aerodynamic torque and effective wind speed are estimated online and a planned variable schedule for the controller implementation is obtained. Was tested by simulating with MATLAB/Simulink

scholarly journals Fast Power Reserve Emulation Strategy for VSWT Supporting Frequency Control in Multi-Area Power Systems

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Fernández-Guillamón ◽  
Antonio Vigueras-Rodríguez ◽  
Emilio Gómez-Lázaro ◽  
Ángel Molina-García
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Fast Power ◽  
Integration Of Renewables

The integration of renewables into power systems involves significant targets and new scenarios with an important role for these alternative resources, mainly wind and PV power plants. Among the different objectives, frequency control strategies and new reserve analysis are currently considered as a major concern in power system stability and reliability studies. This paper aims to provide an analysis of multi-area power systems submitted to power imbalances, considering a high wind power penetration in line with certain European energy road-maps. Frequency control strategies applied to wind power plants from different areas are studied and compared for simulation purposes, including conventional generation units. Different parameters, such as nadir values, stabilization time intervals and tie-line active power exchanges are also analyzed. Detailed generation unit models are included in the paper. The results provide relevant information on the influence of multi-area scenarios on the global frequency response, including participation of wind power plants in system frequency control.

scholarly journals Submission of a WECC DFIG Wind Turbine Model to Spanish Operation Procedure 12.3

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Jiménez-Buendía ◽  
Raquel Villena-Ruiz ◽  
Andrés Honrubia-Escribano ◽  
Ángel Molina-García ◽  
Emilio Gómez-Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Generic Model ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Operation Procedure ◽  
Turbine Model

Power systems are currently witnessing a high wind-power penetration due to the development and commissioning of an increasing number of wind-power plants. This new scenario inevitably changes the way power systems are operated, mainly due to the uncertainties associated with wind, with the proper integration of this renewable energy source into the grid emerging as a new challenge. Unlike other highly flexible energy sources that can be used on demand according to the market needs, wind energy production is intermittent and non-dispatchable. In this context, transient stability analyses through the dynamic simulation of wind-turbine models and wind-power plants must be carried out. Moreover, as many countries have their own grid codes, the compliance requirements to connect wind farms to the network may be significantly different, depending on the specific region. In light of the above, this paper addresses the submission to Spanish Operation Procedure 12.3 (PO 12.3), for the first time, of one of the most advanced wind-turbine models, the generic Type 3 or doubly fed induction generator defined by the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) Second-Generation guidelines. The results show, on the one hand, the notable effect of the transformer inrush current, which influences the accuracy of the behavior of the generic wind-turbine model, and, on the other hand, the inability of the generic model to represent the transient periods of actual wind turbines. However, when the validation criteria is applied at the low-voltage measurement point, the WECC model fully complies with Spanish grid code PO 12.3.

scholarly journals Impact of the Wind Turbine on the Parameters of the Electricity Supply to an Agricultural Farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7279
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Skibko ◽  
Magdalena Tymińska ◽  
Wacław Romaniuk ◽  
Andrzej Borusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Voltage Fluctuations ◽  
The Impact

Wind power plants are an increasingly common source of electricity located in rural areas. As a result of the high variability of wind power, and thus the generated power, these sources should be classified as unstable sources. In this paper, the authors attempted to determine the impact of wind turbine operation on the parameters of electricity supplied to farms located near the source. As a result of the conducted field tests, variability courses of the basic parameters describing the supply voltage were obtained. The influence of power plant variability on the values of voltage, frequency, and voltage distortion factor was determined. To estimate the capacity of the transmission lines, the reactive power produced in the power plant and its effect on the value of the power factor were determined. The conducted research and analysis showed that the wind power plant significantly influences voltage fluctuations in its immediate vicinity (the maximum value registered was close to 2%, while the value required by law was 2.5%). Although all the recorded values are within limits specified by the current regulations (e.g., the THD value is four times lower than the required value), wind turbines may cause incorrect operation of loads connected nearby. This applies mainly to cases where consumers sensitive to voltage fluctuations are installed in the direct vicinity of the power plant.

scholarly journals Numerically and Experimentally Verified Design of a Small Wind Turbine with Injection Molded Blade

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 776
Author(s):  
Byunghui Kim ◽  
Sang-June Park ◽  
Seokyoung Ahn ◽  
Myung-Gon Kim ◽  
Hyung-Gun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Power Coefficient ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Wind Power Systems

Although mega-watt class onshore and offshore wind power systems are used to generate power due to their cost-effectiveness, small wind power systems are important for household usages. Researchers have focused on aerodynamic characteristics as a conceptual design from their previous studies on Archimedes spiral wind turbines. Here, we verified the design of a small wind turbine AWM-750D (100 W capacity) via both numerical simulation and experimentation. We used commercial code ANSYS CFX for numerical simulation and compared turbulence models and surface roughness for determining the performance. To obtain reliable and robust blades, we analyzed the effective manufacturing method with Moldflow. Through a test with an open-suction type atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel, we varied wind speed from 4.0 m/s to the rated value of 12.5 m/s and obtained 106 W, equivalent to a power coefficient of 0.205. In addition, we compared the numerical and experimental power vs. rotational speed and found the former is 6.5% lower than the latter. In this study, we proved that numerical simulations can act as design verification methods to predict wind turbine performances and reliable manufacturing. Through our research, we provided the prototype of a small wind turbine with 100 W to act as an efficient electric power supplier for households and also the stable manufacturing process for complex spiral blades using injection molding.

Wind Speed Forecasting Based on FNN in Wind Farm

2014 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 1117-1122
Author(s):  
Zheng Ning Fu ◽  
Hong Wen Xie
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fuzzy Neural Network ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Wind Speed Forecasting ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Fuzzy Neural

Wind speed forecasting plays a significant role to the operation of wind power plants and power systems. An accurate forecasting on wind power can effectively relieve or avoid the negative impact of wind power plants on power systems and enhance the competition of wind power plants in electric power market. Based on a fuzzy neural network (FNN), a method of wind speed forecasting is presented in this paper. By mining historical data as the learning stylebook, the fuzzy neural network (FNN) forecasts the wind speed. The simulation results show that this method can improve the accuracy of wind speed forecasting effectively.

scholarly journals Designing a GA-Based Robust Controller For Load Frequency Control (LFC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 2633-2639 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Soleimani ◽  
J. Mazloum
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Robust Controller ◽  
Power Flux ◽  
Pi Controllers ◽  
Multiple Units

Power systems include multiple units linked together to produce constantly moving electric power flux. Stability is very important in power systems, so controller systems should be implemented in power plants to ensure power system stability either in normal conditions or after the events of unwanted inputs and disorder. Frequency and active power control are more important regarding stability. Our effort focused on designing and implementing robust PID and PI controllers based on genetic algorithm by changing the reference of generating units for faster damping of frequency oscillations. Implementation results are examined on two-area power system in the ideally state and in the case of parameter deviation. According to the results, the proposed controllers are resistant to deviation of power system parameters and governor uncertainties.

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