scholarly journals Reinforcement Learning Based Passengers Assistance System for Crowded Public Transportation in Fog Enabled Smart City

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1501
Author(s):  
Gone Neelakantam ◽  
Djeane Debora Onthoni ◽  
Prasan Kumar Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Assistance System ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Iot Devices

Crowding in city public transportation systems is a primary issue that causes delay in the mobility of passengers. Moreover, scheduled and unscheduled events in a city lead to excess crowding situations at the metro or bus stations. The Internet of Things (IoT) devices could be used for data collection, which are related to crowding situations in a smart city. The fog computing data centers located in different zones of a smart city can process and analyze the collected data to assist the passengers how to commute smoothly with minimum waiting time in the crowded situation. In this paper, Q-learning based passengers assistance system is designed to assist the commuters in finding less crowded bus and metro stations to avoid long queues of waiting. The traffic congestion and crowded situation data are processed in the fog computing data centers. From our experimental results, it is found that our proposed method can achieve higher reward values, which can be used to minimize the passengers’ waiting time with minimum computational delay as compared to the cloud computing platform.

scholarly journals Smart Transportation for Smart Oman: An Enquiry into its Potentials and Implications

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noura Al Maqbali ◽  
Muhammad Refeque
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Smart Transportation ◽  
User Acceptability

The concept of smart city has recently gained popularity both among policy makers and academic researchers. Despite the importance of smart city, there is still confusion regarding its meaning as many terms associated with it is often used interchangeably. Many countries around the globe have developed various smart city initiatives to help solve the problems associated with traffic congestion. This paper explores smart city initiatives that are currently being implemented in Muscat. The paper provides the need for the development of smart city initiative in Muscat.  Muscat city has been experiencing heavy traffic congestion especially during the morning and evening hours when people are travelling to and from their workplaces.  The increase in traffic congestion in Muscat is occasioned by an increase in population in the city and poor traffic management to cope with increase in population and number of vehicles in the town. The study provides analysis of the current situation of public transport in the Sultanate, particularly in Muscat. There is a need to find suitable mechanisms for solving the city’s traffic problems. Every problem has various solutions, and enhancing public transport will be explored as part of a comprehensive solution for Muscat city traffic problem.  Thus, the study presents the solutions for growing traffic congestions in a smart city and public transportation perspectives. While addressing the traffic problems and extent of public transportation in Oman, the researchers used primary data collected form 80 respondents to know their perception of traffic issues and user acceptability of public transportation initiatives in Oman. The study, while exploring available smart city initiatives in Oman provides further recommendations that can be implemented in order to solve the problems related to traffic congestion, and further recommendations are placed for enhancing the public transportation systems in Oman.

scholarly journals Flying Car Transportation System: Advances, Techniques, and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaofeng pan ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Inherent Nature ◽  
Car Transportation

In order to fulfill transportation demands, people have well-explored ground, waterborne, and high-altitude spaces (HAS) for transportation purposes, as well as the underground space under cities (namely, subway systems). However, due to the increased burdens of population and urbanization in recent decades, huge pressures on public transportation and freight traffic are introduced to cities, plaguing the governors and constraining the development of economics. By observing the fact that near-ground space (NGS) has rarely been utilized, researchers and practitioners started to re-examine, propose and develop flying cars, which are not a totally novel idea, aiming at solving the traffic congestion problem and releasing the strains of cities. Flying cars completely differ from traditional grounded transportation systems, where automobiles/trains are suffering track limitations and are also different from the air flights in HAS for long-distance transfer. Therefore, while observing the lack of specific literature on flying cars and flying car transportation systems (FCTS), this paper is motivated to study the advances, techniques, and challenges of FCTS imposed by the inherent nature of NGS transportation and to devise useful proposals for facilitating the construction and commercialization of FCTS, as well as to facilitate the readers understanding of the incoming FCTS. We first introduce the increased requirements for transportation and address the advantages of flying cars. Next, a brief overview of the developing history of flying cars is presented in view of both timeline and technique categories. Then, we discuss and compare the state of the art in the design of flying cars, including take-off \& landing (TOL) modes, pilot modes, operation modes, and power types, which are respectively related to the adaptability, flexibility & comfort, stability & complexity, environmental friendliness of flying cars. Additionally, since large-scale operations of flying cars can improve the aforementioned transportation problem, we also introduce the designs of FCTS, including path and trajectory planning, supporting facilities and commercial designs. Finally, we discuss the challenges which might be faced while developing and commercializing FCTS from three aspects: safety issues, commercial issues, and ethical issues.

Study Behaviour of Passengers on Transit Operation

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 1154-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hesam Hafezi ◽  
Amiruddin Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Arrival Rate ◽  
Fleet Size ◽  
Transit Operation ◽  
Demand Patterns ◽  
Study Behaviour

Nowadays, delays problem are important issue in preparing schedule for public transportation. It is related to behaviour of passengers, behaviour of transportation means and interaction with traffic. Behaviour of passengers are including: demand patterns of passengers, fare payment and waiting time in station and in-vehicle. Behaviour of transportation means included fleet size and frequency of operation. The most interaction between public transportation and others traffic is in traffic congestion. In this paper, we studies different behaviour of passengers duration operation time in two points: in-station and in-vehicle. They are including: arrival rate of passengers, kinds of fare payment and waiting time. For illustrate behaviour of passengers on delays problem we survey they affects in bus operation. Hence, a case study based on an actual public bus operation in Tehran, Iran is used to demonstrate it.

scholarly journals A Fog Computing Architecture with Multi-Layer for Computing-Intensive IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11585
Author(s):  
Muhammad Muneeb ◽  
Kwang-Man Ko ◽  
Young-Hoon Park
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Layered Architecture ◽  
Computing Platform ◽  
Computing Paradigm ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Data Analysis System

The emergence of new technologies and the era of IoT which will be based on compute-intensive applications. These applications will increase the traffic volume of today’s network infrastructure and will impact more on emerging Fifth Generation (5G) system. Research is going in many details, such as how to provide automation in managing and configuring data analysis tasks over cloud and edges, and to achieve minimum latency and bandwidth consumption with optimizing task allocation. The major challenge for researchers is to push the artificial intelligence to the edge to fully discover the potential of the fog computing paradigm. There are existing intelligence-based fog computing frameworks for IoT based applications, but research on Edge-Artificial Intelligence (Edge-AI) is still in its initial stage. Therefore, we chose to focus on data analytics and offloading in our proposed architecture. To address these problems, we have proposed a prototype of our architecture, which is a multi-layered architecture for data analysis between cloud and fog computing layers to perform latency- sensitive analysis with low latency. The main goal of this research is to use this multi-layer fog computing platform for enhancement of data analysis system based on IoT devices in real-time. Our research based on the policy of the OpenFog Consortium which will offer the good outcomes, but also surveillance and data analysis functionalities. We presented through case studies that our proposed prototype architecture outperformed the cloud-only environment in delay-time, network usage, and energy consumption.

scholarly journals Three Fog Computing Based Variants of Congestion Control in ITS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-348
Author(s):  
Ananya Paul ◽  
Kiton Ghosh ◽  
Mitra Sulata
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Fog Computing ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Quantitative Performance ◽  
Control Traffic

The growth of vehicles and inadequate road capacity in the urban area trigger traffic congestion and raise the frequency of road accident. Therefore the need of drastically reducing traffic congestion is a significant concern. Advancement in the technology like fog computing, Internet of Things (IoT)in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) aid in the more constructive management of traffic congestion. Three IoT basedFog computing oriented models are designed in the present work for mitigating traffic congestion. The first two schemes are vehicledependent as they control traffic congestion depending upon thenumber of vehicles and their direction of movement across the intersections. The third scheme is environment dependent as theagent senses the environment and controls the sequence of green signal at different routes dynamically. The performances of thethree schemes in ITS are analyzed along with the comparison ofstorage, communication and computation overhead. The efficacy of the schemes is studied theoretically and quantitatively. The quantitative performance of the three schemes is compared with five existing schemes. On the basis of the result of thecomparison, it can be concluded that the proposed schemes are capable of alleviating congestion more optimally than existing schemes due to the substantial reduction in vehicle waiting time.

scholarly journals Internet of Things for the Development of Smart Cities

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 9543-9547
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Home ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Public ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Energy Efficient Building

Internet of things plays an important role to make smart in all the areas like smart city, smart home etc [1]. It is used in more efficient water supply, an innovative solution for traffic congestion, to make reliable public transportation, improved the public safety, energy efficient building, Vehicle smart security system etc [4]. While the average cost for basic items is going up, there is a developing concentration to include innovation to bring down those costs for smart city development. In the following chapter will discussed the few innovation for the smart city development.

scholarly journals Vehicular Pollution in Katmandu Valley

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 149-152
Author(s):  
Ramchandra Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Transportation Infrastructure ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Particulate Matters ◽  
Vehicular Pollution ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Public Transportation Systems

This paper highlights the issue of vehicular pollution in the Kathmandu valley. Vehicular pollutants include CO, HC, NOx, Sox, lead and particulate matters which have damaging effects on both human health and ecology. Diesel-driven vehicles emit particulates that are very fine and a large proportion of them are less than 2.5 microns in size, which can penetrate deeper into our lungs. These pollutants are believed to affect the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Uncontrolled growth of vehicle population, poor transportation infrastructure, traffic congestion, driving patterns and inefficient public transportation systems are major factors in increasing vehicular pollution levels.Key words: Vehicular pollution; Vehicle population; Pollutants; Transportation infrastructure; PM2.5.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v8i1-2.5106Journal of the Institute of EngineeringVol. 8, No. 1&2, 2010/2011Page: 149-152Uploaded Date: 20 July, 2011

scholarly journals IOT Smart City: Introduction and Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 3484-3487 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The World ◽  
Innovative Solution

In an IOT based smart city, the most astonishing and, the most reflective component would be a much more efficient water supply. This kind of water supply treatment plant that would be established will be a much more advanced version of the already existing kinds. This water supply would help many people across the globe to get access to clean, drinking water and sanitation. Also, in such a city there would be provided an innovative solution to the huge traffic congestion being faced these days that leads to delays in reaching to work, rash driving and results in huge chaos and accidents. Thus, it would be great to kept in mind to provide a mid-way out to deal with these traffic issues in a more reliable and efficient way. We would provide a more reliable public transportation. Public transportation these days are the most relied means of conveyance for people living in all parts of the world. Thus, we would build up a more reliable public transport structure that would be effortless. This would minimize the deals, difficulties and would maximize the ease for the travelers. The next thing would be to make energy efficient buildings that will aim at minimizing the wastage of energy of the entire community. These buildings would run on least amount of possible energy (for e.g. solar energy) resulting in minimum loss. Safety is a major concern these days. There are lot of safety issues popping up in all parts of the world. Thus, in our model, we would provide an improved public safety that links back to the infrastructure, buildings, lifts, escalators, elevators, public transportation etc. Thus, with improved public safety, all these factors would be procured. However, with all these aims being enforced in the city, there would come up a lot of challenges that would be needed to countered. The system software that would be the base of framework of this IOT based smart city, would be vulnerable to hacks, system failures i.e. trojans, malware and viruses. This would result in privacy and security concerns but obvious, and also difficulties in interoperability, but suitable specific would be procured to counter these issues as well.

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