scholarly journals On the Performance of Cloud Services and Databases for Industrial IoT Scalable Applications

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1435
Author(s):  
Paolo Ferrari ◽  
Emiliano Sisinni ◽  
Alessandro Depari ◽  
Alessandra Flammini ◽  
Stefano Rinaldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Services ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Industrial Iot ◽  
Cloud Databases ◽  
Traditional Service ◽  
Database As A Service ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
Database Service ◽  
The Impact

In the Industry 4.0 the communication infrastructure is derived from the Internet of Things (IoT), and it is called Industrial IoT or IIoT. Smart objects deployed on the field collect a large amount of data which is stored and processed in the Cloud to create innovative services. However, differently from most of the consumer applications, the industrial scenario is generally constrained by time-related requirements and its needs for real-time behavior (i.e., bounded and possibly short delays). Unfortunately, timeliness is generally ignored by traditional service provider, and the Cloud is treated as a black box. For instance, Cloud databases (generally seen as “Database as a service”—DBaaS) have unknown or hard-to-compare impact on applications. The novelty of this work is to provide an experimental measurement methodology based on an abstract view of IIoT applications, in order to define some easy-to-evaluate metrics focused on DBaaS latency (no matter the actual implementation details are). In particular, the focus is on the impact of DBaaS on the overall communication delays in a typical IIoT scalable context (i.e., from the field to the Cloud and the way back). In order to show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a real use case is discussed (it is a predictive maintenance application with a Siemens S7 industrial controller transmitting system health status information to a Cloudant DB inside the IBM Bluemix platform). Experiments carried on in this use case provide useful insights about the DBaaS performance: evaluation of delays, effects of involved number of devices (scalability and complexity), constraints of the architecture, and clear information for comparing with other implementations and for optimizing configuration. In other words, the proposed evaluation strategy helps in finding out the peculiarities of Cloud Database service implementations.

scholarly journals Networking for Cloud Robotics: The DewROS Platform and Its Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Alessio Botta ◽  
Jonathan Cacace ◽  
Riccardo De Vivo ◽  
Bruno Siciliano ◽  
Giorgio Ventre
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Cloud Provider ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Network Connection ◽  
Cloud Robotics ◽  
Networking Technologies ◽  
The Impact

With the advances in networking technologies, robots can use the almost unlimited resources of large data centers, overcoming the severe limitations imposed by onboard resources: this is the vision of Cloud Robotics. In this context, we present DewROS, a framework based on the Robot Operating System (ROS) which embodies the three-layer, Dew-Robotics architecture, where computation and storage can be distributed among the robot, the network devices close to it, and the Cloud. After presenting the design and implementation of DewROS, we show its application in a real use-case called SHERPA, which foresees a mixed ground and aerial robotic platform for search and rescue in an alpine environment. We used DewROS to analyze the video acquired by the drones in the Cloud and quickly spot signs of human beings in danger. We perform a wide experimental evaluation using different network technologies and Cloud services from Google and Amazon. We evaluated the impact of several variables on the performance of the system. Our results show that, for example, the video length has a minimal impact on the response time with respect to the video size. In addition, we show that the response time depends on the Round Trip Time (RTT) of the network connection when the video is already loaded into the Cloud provider side. Finally, we present a model of the annotation time that considers the RTT of the connection used to reach the Cloud, discussing results and insights into how to improve current Cloud Robotics applications.

scholarly journals Exploring the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Leisure Walking Based on the Demand of Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4105
Author(s):  
Yupei Jiang ◽  
Honghu Sun
Keyword(s):  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Residential Neighborhood ◽  
The Impact

Leisure walking has been an important topic in space-time behavior and public health research. However, prior studies pay little attention to the integration and the characterization of diverse and multilevel demands of leisure walking. This study constructs a theoretical framework of leisure walking behavior demands from three different dimensions and levels of activity participation, space-time opportunity, and health benefit. On this basis, through a face-to-face survey in Nanjing, China (N = 1168, 2017–2018 data), this study quantitatively analyzes the characteristics of leisure walking demands, as well as the impact of the built environment and individual factors on it. The results show that residents have a high demand for participation and health benefits of leisure walking. The residential neighborhood provides more space opportunities for leisure walking, but there is a certain constraint on the choice of walking time. Residential neighborhood with medium or large parks is more likely to satisfy residents’ demands for engaging in leisure walking and obtaining high health benefits, while neighborhood with a high density of walking paths tends to limit the satisfaction of demands for space opportunity and health benefit. For residents aged 36 and above, married, or retired, their diverse demands for leisure walking are more likely to be fulfilled, while those with high education, medium-high individual income, general and above health status, or children (<18 years) are less likely to be fulfilled. These finding that can have important implications for the healthy neighborhood by fully considering diverse and multilevel demands of leisure walking behavior.

scholarly journals IoT-Based Patient Movement Monitoring: The Post-Operative Hip Fracture Rehabilitation Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Akash Gupta ◽  
Adnan Al-Anbuky
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Real Time ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Rehabilitation Process ◽  
Rehabilitation Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Movement Monitoring

Hip fracture incidence is life-threatening and has an impact on the person’s physical functionality and their ability to live independently. Proper rehabilitation with a set program can play a significant role in recovering the person’s physical mobility, boosting their quality of life, reducing adverse clinical outcomes, and shortening hospital stays. The Internet of Things (IoT), with advancements in digital health, could be leveraged to enhance the backup intelligence used in the rehabilitation process and provide transparent coordination and information about movement during activities among relevant parties. This paper presents a post-operative hip fracture rehabilitation model that clarifies the involved rehabilitation process, its associated events, and the main physical movements of interest across all stages of care. To support this model, the paper proposes an IoT-enabled movement monitoring system architecture. The architecture reflects the key operational functionalities required to monitor patients in real time and throughout the rehabilitation process. The approach was tested incrementally on ten healthy subjects, particularly for factors relevant to the recognition and tracking of movements of interest. The analysis reflects the significance of personalization and the significance of a one-minute history of data in monitoring the real-time behavior. This paper also looks at the impact of edge computing at the gateway and a wearable sensor edge on system performance. The approach provides a solution for an architecture that balances system performance with remote monitoring functional requirements.

scholarly journals System Level Simulation of Microgrid Power Electronic Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 644
Author(s):  
Michal Frivaldsky ◽  
Jan Morgos ◽  
Michal Prazenica ◽  
Kristian Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Power Converter ◽  
System Level ◽  
Time Behavior ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
System Level Simulation ◽  
Time Operation ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, we describe a procedure for designing an accurate simulation model using a price-wised linear approach referred to as the power semiconductor converters of a DC microgrid concept. Initially, the selection of topologies of individual power stage blocs are identified. Due to the requirements for verifying the accuracy of the simulation model, physical samples of power converters are realized with a power ratio of 1:10. The focus was on optimization of operational parameters such as real-time behavior (variable waveforms within a time domain), efficiency, and the voltage/current ripples. The approach was compared to real-time operation and efficiency performance was evaluated showing the accuracy and suitability of the presented approach. The results show the potential for developing complex smart grid simulation models, with a high level of accuracy, and thus the possibility to investigate various operational scenarios and the impact of power converter characteristics on the performance of a smart gird. Two possible operational scenarios of the proposed smart grid concept are evaluated and demonstrate that an accurate hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system can be designed.

Efficient Fault Tolerance on Cloud Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Goundar ◽  
Akashdeep Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Service Assurance ◽  
Mission Critical ◽  
The Impact

With mission critical web applications and resources being hosted on cloud environments, and cloud services growing fast, the need for having greater level of service assurance regarding fault tolerance for availability and reliability has increased. The high priority now is ensuring a fault tolerant environment that can keep the systems up and running. To minimize the impact of downtime or accessibility failure due to systems, network devices or hardware, the expectations are that such failures need to be anticipated and handled proactively in fast, intelligent way. This article discusses the fault tolerance system for cloud computing environments, analyzes whether this is effective for Cloud environments.

scholarly journals Integration Model between Heterogeneous Data Services in a Cloud

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-412
Author(s):  
Marcelo Aires Vieira ◽  
Elivaldo Lozer Fracalossi Ribeiro ◽  
Daniela Barreiro Claro ◽  
Babacar Mane
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Data Services ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Database As A Service ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Data As A Service ◽  
Integrate Data

With the growth of cloud services, many companies have begun to persist and make their data available through services such as Data as a Service (DaaS) and Database as a Service (DBaaS). The DaaS model provides on-demand data through an Application Programming Inter- face (API), while DBaaS model provides on-demand database management systems. Different data sources require efforts to integrate data from different models. These model types include unstructured, semi-structured, and structured data. Heterogeneity from DaaS and DBaaS makes it challenging to integrate data from different services. In response to this problem, we developed the Data Join (DJ) method to integrate heterogeneous DaaS and DBaaS sources. DJ was described through canonical models and incorporated into a middleware as a proof-of-concept. A test case and three experiments were performed to validate our DJ method: the first experiment tackles data from DaaS and DBaaS in isolation; the second experiment associates data from different DaaS and DBaaS through one join clause; and the third experiment integrates data from three sources (one DaaS and two DBaaS) based on different data type (relational, NoSQL, and NewSQL) through two join clauses. Our experiments evaluated the viability, functionality, integration, and performance of the DJ method. Results demonstrate that DJ method outperforms most of the related work on selecting and integrating data in a cloud environment.

scholarly journals Exploring Expansion and Innovations in Cloud Computing

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Jitendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Cloud Development ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
Cloud Evolution ◽  
The Impact

Cloud computing is one of the highly sought-after paradigms in information technology. In several cases, it has surpassed earlier predictions of growth, and expanding its services to cover all the key areas. With the growing usage of the cloud, new requirements have also surfaced. To meet user expectations, the cloud services pool has expanded drastically. In order to meet the subscriber's futuristic demands, cloud computing needs to advance further. This work undertakes the study of expansion and innovations that have already happened in the recent past. In addition, perceived cloud evolution in the futuristic cloud has been presented. During the course of exploration, the impact of hardware and software on evolution has been taken into account. Considering the benefits involved, and the current advancement, this work concludes by presenting the innovations that will lead to cloud development.

Measuring the Impact of the Semantic-Based Process Mining Approach

2020 ◽  
pp. 217-237
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Process Mining ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Use Case ◽  
Abstraction Levels ◽  
The Impact

This chapter looks at the extent to which the semantic-based process mining approach of this book supports the conceptual analysis of the events logs and resultant models. Qualitatively, the chapter leverages the use case study of the research learning process domain to determine how the proposed method support the discovery, monitoring, and enhancement of the real-time processes through the abstraction levels of analysis. Also, the chapter quantitatively assesses the level of accuracy of the classification process to predict behaviours of unobserved instances within the underlying knowledge base. Overall, the work looks at the implications of the semantic-based approach, validation of the classification results, and their influence compared to other existing benchmark techniques/algorithms used for process mining.

Consumer protection in cloud computing contracts stipulating non-monetary remuneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Żok
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The convenience of cloud services rapidly increases their popularity among consumers. Although the services are often marketed as free, the consumer may be required to provide remuneration. Instead of charging a fee, however, providers usually collect assets other than money, in particular consumer’s personal data. This raises serious questions about consumer protection which until recently has mainly covered ‘paid’ contracts. Moreover, treating some forms of non-monetary remuneration as payment is controversial due to the special status of the information provided by the consumer in exchange for the service. The article analyses the impact of non-monetary remuneration on consumer protection in cloud computing contracts, taking as reference points Directives 2011/83 (with the latest amendments) and 2019/770. The following considerations highlight the disadvantages of both Directives, concluding that they do not remove all the concerns associated with cloud computing contracts. The article also indicates possible solutions to the issue of non-monetary remuneration.

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