Consumer protection in cloud computing contracts stipulating non-monetary remuneration

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-38
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Żok
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The convenience of cloud services rapidly increases their popularity among consumers. Although the services are often marketed as free, the consumer may be required to provide remuneration. Instead of charging a fee, however, providers usually collect assets other than money, in particular consumer’s personal data. This raises serious questions about consumer protection which until recently has mainly covered ‘paid’ contracts. Moreover, treating some forms of non-monetary remuneration as payment is controversial due to the special status of the information provided by the consumer in exchange for the service. The article analyses the impact of non-monetary remuneration on consumer protection in cloud computing contracts, taking as reference points Directives 2011/83 (with the latest amendments) and 2019/770. The following considerations highlight the disadvantages of both Directives, concluding that they do not remove all the concerns associated with cloud computing contracts. The article also indicates possible solutions to the issue of non-monetary remuneration.

scholarly journals Exploring Expansion and Innovations in Cloud Computing

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Jitendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Cloud Development ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
Cloud Evolution ◽  
The Impact

Cloud computing is one of the highly sought-after paradigms in information technology. In several cases, it has surpassed earlier predictions of growth, and expanding its services to cover all the key areas. With the growing usage of the cloud, new requirements have also surfaced. To meet user expectations, the cloud services pool has expanded drastically. In order to meet the subscriber's futuristic demands, cloud computing needs to advance further. This work undertakes the study of expansion and innovations that have already happened in the recent past. In addition, perceived cloud evolution in the futuristic cloud has been presented. During the course of exploration, the impact of hardware and software on evolution has been taken into account. Considering the benefits involved, and the current advancement, this work concludes by presenting the innovations that will lead to cloud development.

A comparative study of the evolution of vulnerabilities in IT systems and its relation to the new concept of cloud computing

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam Kouatli
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Weighted Score ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to classify and categorize the vulnerability types emerged with time as information technology (IT) systems evolved. This comparative study aims to compare the seriousness of the old well-known vulnerabilities that may still exist with lower possibility of happening with that of new technologies like cloud computing with Mobility access. Cloud computing is a new structure of IT that is becoming the main part of the new model of business environment. However, issues regarding such new hype of technology do not come without obstacles. These issues have to be addressed before full acceptability of cloud services in a globalized business environment. Businesses need to be aware of issues of concerns before joining the cloud services. This paper also highlights these issues and shows the comparison table to help businesses with appropriate decision-making when joining the cloud. Design/methodology/approach – A historical review of emerged vulnerabilities as IT systems evolved was conducted, then these vulnerabilities were categorized into eight different categories, each of which composed of multiple vulnerability types. Simple scoring techniques were used to build a “risk” analysis table where each vulnerability type was given a score based on availability of matured solution and the likeliness of happening, then in case of vulnerability type, another score was used to derive the impact of such vulnerability. The resulted weighted score can be derived from the multiplication of likeliness to happen score with that of its impact in case it did happen. Percentage of seriousness represented by the percentage of the derived weighted score of each of the vulnerabilities can then be concluded. Similar table was developed for issues related to cloud computing environment in specific. Findings – After surveying the historical background of IT systems and emerged vulnerabilities as well as reviewing the common malicious types of system vulnerabilities, this paper identifies 22 different types of vulnerability categorized in eight different categories. This comparative study explores amount of possible vulnerabilities in new technology like cloud computing services. Specific issues for cloud computing were also explored and a similar comparative study was developed on these issues. The result of the comparative study between all types of vulnerabilities since the start of IT system development till today’s technology of cloud computing, shows that the highest percentage vulnerability category was the one related to mobility access as mobile applications/systems are relatively newly emerged and do not have a matured security solution(s). Practical implications – Learning from history, one can conclude the current risk factor in dealing with new technology like cloud computing. Businesses can realize that decision to join the cloud requires thinking about the issues mentioned in this paper and identifying the most vulnerability types to try to avoid them. Originality/value – A new comparative study and new classification of vulnerabilities demonstrated with risk analysis using simple scoring technique.

scholarly journals Use of Cloud Computing In Higher Education of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3221-3225
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Technological Facility ◽  
Ease Of Access

Cloud computing is an internet-based service of delivering technology to users and an important technological facility where mutual resources are delivered on demand. Usage of cloud computing in educational Institutions provides students as well as administrative staff an opportunity to access various applications and knowledge swiftly. Its simplicity, upfront-cost, reduced downtime and less management effort make this service acceptable for all fragments of society particularly students and teachers. Despite the fact that the cloud computing technology is very useful, such as ease of access, cost effective. It has various issues like security violations, data confidentiality, data integrity, regional and geographical restrictions over the data. Safe cloud services are required to protect its users from different external threats such as disclosure or loss of data and compromising of users’ accounts. Users’ understanding about the cloud computing’s advantages, disadvantages and security issues can protect them from potential threats while ensuring its optimal usage in education. In this paper, a survey has been conducted to identify students understanding about the advantages, disadvantages and security issues regarding cloud computing in the educational sector. A sample of 212 respondents from graduate and undergraduate programs was taken to obtain required information. The findings reveal a lack of awareness about the use of cloud computing, its benefits, and security concerns and the implications of this deficiency are critical as multiple issues like outflow of personal data and its loss is faced by its users which may have adverse social, emotional and professional effects on student’s life. Considering the usefulness as well as the sensitivity of cloud computing in educational institutions, Authors propose maximum utilization of cloud computing in educational sector while ensuring the security of its users.

Cloud Computing for Earth Observation

2015 ◽  
pp. 1204-1230
Author(s):  
Roberto Cossu ◽  
Claudio Di Giulio ◽  
Fabrice Brito ◽  
Dana Petcu
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Efficient Storage ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Impact

This chapter elaborates on the impact and benefits Cloud Computing may have on Earth Observation. Earth Observation satellites generate in fact Tera- to Peta-bytes of data, and Cloud Computing provides many capabilities that allow an efficient storage and exploitation of such data. Several scenarios related to Earth Observation activities are analyzed in order to identify the possible benefits from the adoption of Cloud Computing. As concrete proofs-of-concept, several activities related to Cloud Computing in the context of Earth Observation are exposed and discussed. Technical details are provided for a particular framework used by Earth Observation applications that has made the transition from using Grid services towards using Cloud services. A special attention is given to the avoidance of the vendor-lock-in problem.

Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks Over Cloud Environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 491-521
Author(s):  
Thangavel M. ◽  
Nithya S ◽  
Sindhuja R
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Dos Attack ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
The Impact

Cloud computing is the fastest growing technology in today's world. Cloud services provide pay as go models on capacity or usage. For providing better cloud services, capacity planning is very important. Proper capacity planning will maximize efficiency and on the other side proper control over the resources will help to overcome from attacks. As the technology develops in one side, threats and vulnerabilities to security also increases on the other side. A complete analysis of Denial of Service (DOS) attacks in cloud computing and how are they done in the cloud environment and the impact of reduced capacity in cloud causes greater significance. Among all the cloud computing attacks, DOS is a major threat to the cloud environment. In this book chapter, we are going to discuss DOS attack in the cloud and its types, what are the tools used to perform DOS attack and how they are detected and prevented. Finally it deals with the measures to protect the cloud services from DOS attack and also penetration testing for DOS attack.

scholarly journals The impact of cloud computing on the future of academic library practices and services

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Mavodza
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Platform As A Service ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss issues involved in navigating the modern information environment where the relevance of cloud computing is unavoidable. This is a way of shifting from the hardware and software demands of storing and organizing data, to information access concerns. That is because with the exponential growth in information sources and all accompanying complexities, the limited capacity of libraries to host their own in its entirety necessitates opting for alternatives in the cloud.Design/methodology/approachA review of current literature about the topic was performedFindingsLiterature used reveals that currently, libraries are using the cloud for putting together user resources, i.e. using Software as a Service (SaaS), such as in library catalogues, WorldCat, Googledocs, and the aggregated subject gateways like SUMMON, and others; the web Platform as a Service (PaaS) as in the use of GoogleApp Engine; or Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) as in the use of D‐Space, FEDORA, and others. The cloud is confirmed as a facilitator in storing and accessing information in addition to providing a unified web presence with reduced local storage capacity challenges.Originality/valueThe value of these findings is to remind librarians of the shift in focus towards which devices provide the easiest access to data and applications. This is one of the reasons they in many instances are currently having to address issues relating to the use of electronic media tools such as smartphones, iPad, e‐book readers, and other handheld devices. The largely borderless information resources also bring to the forefront considerations about digital rights management, fair use, information security, ownership and control of data, privacy, scholarly publishing, copyright guidance, and licensing that the librarian has to be knowledgeable about. It has become necessary for librarians who make use of commercial cloud services to be conversant with the implications on institutional data. To avert the ever present dangers and risks involving cyber‐security, it is usually practical for institutions to keep policies, procedures, fiscal, and personnel data in private clouds that have carefully crafted access permissions. Being aware of these implications enables thoughtful, adaptive planning strategies for the future of library practice and service.

scholarly journals Review on Security Aspects for Cloud Architecture

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3129
Author(s):  
Shaz Alam ◽  
Mohd Muqeem ◽  
Suhel Ahmad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Malicious Attack ◽  
Cloud Architecture ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
The Impact

Cloud computing is one of the fastest growing and popular technology in the field of computing. As the concept of cloud computing was introduced in 2006. Since then large number of IT industries join the queue to develop many cloud services and put sensitive information over cloud. In fact cloud computing is no doubt the great innovation in the field of computing but at the same time also poses many challenges. Since a large number of organizations migrate their business to cloud and hence it appears as an attractive target for the malicious attack. The purpose of the paper is to review the available literature for security concerns and highlight a relationship between vulnerabilities, attacks and threats in SaaS model. A mapping is being presented to highlight the impact of vulnerabilities and attacks.

Efficient Fault Tolerance on Cloud Environments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1231-1243
Author(s):  
Sam Goundar ◽  
Akashdeep Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Web Applications ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Cloud Environments ◽  
Computing Environments ◽  
Service Assurance ◽  
Mission Critical ◽  
The Impact

With mission critical web applications and resources being hosted on cloud environments, and cloud services growing fast, the need for having greater level of service assurance regarding fault tolerance for availability and reliability has increased. The high priority now is ensuring a fault tolerant environment that can keep the systems up and running. To minimize the impact of downtime or accessibility failure due to systems, network devices or hardware, the expectations are that such failures need to be anticipated and handled proactively in fast, intelligent way. This article discusses the fault tolerance system for cloud computing environments, analyzes whether this is effective for Cloud environments.

Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks Over Cloud Environment

2017 ◽  
pp. 289-319
Author(s):  
Thangavel M. ◽  
Nithya S ◽  
Sindhuja R
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Capacity Planning ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Cloud Environment ◽  
Dos Attack ◽  
Dos Attacks ◽  
The Impact

Cloud computing is the fastest growing technology in today's world. Cloud services provide pay as go models on capacity or usage. For providing better cloud services, capacity planning is very important. Proper capacity planning will maximize efficiency and on the other side proper control over the resources will help to overcome from attacks. As the technology develops in one side, threats and vulnerabilities to security also increases on the other side. A complete analysis of Denial of Service (DOS) attacks in cloud computing and how are they done in the cloud environment and the impact of reduced capacity in cloud causes greater significance. Among all the cloud computing attacks, DOS is a major threat to the cloud environment. In this book chapter, we are going to discuss DOS attack in the cloud and its types, what are the tools used to perform DOS attack and how they are detected and prevented. Finally it deals with the measures to protect the cloud services from DOS attack and also penetration testing for DOS attack.

Cloud Computing for Earth Observation

2013 ◽  
pp. 166-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cossu ◽  
Claudio Di Giulio ◽  
Fabrice Brito ◽  
Dana Petcu
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Efficient Storage ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Earth Observation Satellites ◽  
Lock In ◽  
The Impact

This chapter elaborates on the impact and benefits Cloud Computing may have on Earth Observation. Earth Observation satellites generate in fact Tera- to Peta-bytes of data, and Cloud Computing provides many capabilities that allow an efficient storage and exploitation of such data. Several scenarios related to Earth Observation activities are analyzed in order to identify the possible benefits from the adoption of Cloud Computing. As concrete proofs-of-concept, several activities related to Cloud Computing in the context of Earth Observation are exposed and discussed. Technical details are provided for a particular framework used by Earth Observation applications that has made the transition from using Grid services towards using Cloud services. A special attention is given to the avoidance of the vendor-lock-in problem.

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