scholarly journals Heat Transfer Study in Breast Tumor Phantom during Microwave Ablation: Modeling and Experimental Results for Three Different Antennas

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Ortega-Palacios ◽  
Citlalli Jessica Trujillo-Romero ◽  
Mario Francisco Jesús Cepeda-Rubio ◽  
Lorenzo Leija ◽  
Arturo Vera Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Microwave Ablation ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Breast Tumor Tissue ◽  
Breast Phantom ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Transfer Study

It is worldwide known that the most common type of cancer among women is breast cancer. Traditional procedures involve surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy; however, these treatments are invasive and have serious side effects. For this reason, minimally invasive thermal treatments like microwave ablation are being considered. In this study, thermal behavior of three types of slot-coaxial antennas for breast cancer microwave ablation is presented. By using finite element method (FEM), all antennas were modeled to estimate the heat transfer in breast tumor tissue surrounded by healthy breast tissue. Experimentation was carried out by using the antennas inserted inside sphere-shaped-tumor phantoms with two different diameters, 1.0 and 1.5 cm. A microwave radiation system was used to apply microwave energy to each designed antenna, which were located into the phantom. A non-interfering thermometry system was used to measure the temperature increase during the experimentation. Temperature increases, recorded by the thermal sensors placed inside the tumor phantom surrounded by healthy breast phantom, were used to validate the FEM models. The results conclude that, in all the cases, after 240 s, the three types of coaxial slot antenna reached the temperature needed produce hyperthermia of the tumor volume considered in this paper.

scholarly journals Cytomegalovirus, Macrophages and Breast Cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pasquereau ◽  
F. Al Moussawi ◽  
W. Karam ◽  
M. Diab Assaf ◽  
A. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Human Cytomegalovirus ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽  
Potential Implication ◽  
Breast Tumor Tissue

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a betaherpesvirus that is highly host specific, infects among others epithelial cells and macrophages, and has been recently mentioned as having oncomodulatory properties. HCMV is detected in the breast tumor tissue where macrophages, especially tumor associated macrophages, are associated with a poor prognosis. In this review, we will discuss the potential implication of HCMV in breast cancer with emphasis on the role played by macrophages.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Using a Novel 2.45 GHz Double Short Distance Slot Coaxial Antenna for Minimally Invasive Cancer Breast Microwave Ablation Therapy: Computational Model, Phantom, and In Vivo Swine Experimentation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ortega-Palacios ◽  
C. J. Trujillo-Romero ◽  
M. F. J. Cepeda Rubio ◽  
A. Vera ◽  
L. Leija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Microwave Ablation ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Invasive Treatment ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Ablation Therapy

Microwave ablation (MWA) by using coaxial antennas is a promising alternative for breast cancer treatment. A double short distance slot coaxial antenna as a newly optimized applicator for minimally invasive treatment of breast cancer is proposed. To validate and to analyze the feasibility of using this method in clinical treatment, a computational model, phantom, and breast swine in vivo experimentation were carried out, by using four microwave powers (50 W, 30 W, 20 W, and 10 W). The finite element method (FEM) was used to develop the computational model. Phantom experimentation was carried out in breast phantom. The in vivo experimentation was carried out in a 90 kg swine sow. Tissue damage was estimated by comparing control and treated micrographs of the porcine mammary gland samples. The coaxial slot antenna was inserted in swine breast glands by using image-guided ultrasound. In all cases, modeling, in vivo and phantom experimentation, and ablation temperatures (above 60°C) were reached. The in vivo experiments suggest that this new MWA applicator could be successfully used to eliminate precise and small areas of tissue (around 20–30 mm2). By modulating the power and time applied, it may be possible to increase/decrease the ablation area.

scholarly journals Human ribonuclease 1 serves as a secretory ligand of ephrin A4 receptor and induces breast tumor initiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Huan Lee ◽  
Ying-Nai Wang ◽  
Wen-Hao Yang ◽  
Weiya Xia ◽  
Yongkun Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Tissue Microarrays ◽  
Stem Cell Marker ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Receptor ◽  
Tumor Initiation ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Extracellular Rna ◽  
Breast Tumor Tissue

AbstractHuman ribonuclease 1 (hRNase 1) is critical to extracellular RNA clearance and innate immunity to achieve homeostasis and host defense; however, whether it plays a role in cancer remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that hRNase 1, independently of its ribonucleolytic activity, enriches the stem-like cell population and enhances the tumor-initiating ability of breast cancer cells. Specifically, secretory hRNase 1 binds to and activates the tyrosine kinase receptor ephrin A4 (EphA4) signaling to promote breast tumor initiation in an autocrine/paracrine manner, which is distinct from the classical EphA4-ephrin juxtacrine signaling through contact-dependent cell-cell communication. In addition, analysis of human breast tumor tissue microarrays reveals a positive correlation between hRNase 1, EphA4 activation, and stem cell marker CD133. Notably, high hRNase 1 level in plasma samples is positively associated with EphA4 activation in tumor tissues from breast cancer patients, highlighting the pathological relevance of the hRNase 1-EphA4 axis in breast cancer. The discovery of hRNase 1 as a secretory ligand of EphA4 that enhances breast cancer stemness suggests a potential treatment strategy by inactivating the hRNase 1-EphA4 axis.

scholarly journals Computational FEM Model and Phantom Validation of Microwave Ablation for Segmental Microcalcifications in Breasts Using a Coaxial Double-Slot Antenna

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kristian Segura Félix ◽  
Geshel D. Guerrero López ◽  
Mario F. J. Cepeda Rubio ◽  
José I. Hernández Jacquez ◽  
Francisco G. Flores García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Model ◽  
Microwave Ablation ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Ablation Therapy ◽  
Breast Phantom

Introduction. Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Breast cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for 11.6% of the total number of deaths. The main treatments for this disease are surgical removal of the tumor, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Recently, different minimally invasive technologies have been applied (e.g., emission of electromagnetic waves, thermal and chemical means) to overcome the important side effects of these treatment modalities. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a predictive computational model of microwave ablation. Materials and Methods. The predictive computational model of microwave ablation was constructed by means of a dual-slot coaxial antenna. The model was compared with an experiment performed using a breast phantom, which emulates the dielectric properties of breast tissue with segmental microcalcifications. The standing wave ratio (SWR) was obtained for both methods to make a comparison and determine the feasibility of applying electromagnetic ablation to premalignant lesions in breasts. Specifically, for the analysis of segmental microcalcifications, a breast phantom with segmental microcalcifications was developed and two computational models were performed under the same conditions (except for blood perfusion, which was excluded in one of the models). Results. The SWR was obtained by triplicate experiments in the phantom, and the measurements had a difference of 0.191 between the minimum and maximum SWR values, implying a change of power reflection of 0.8%. The average of the three measurements was compared with the simulation that did not consider blood perfusion. The comparison yielded a change of 0.104, representing a 0.2% change in power reflection. Discussion. Both experimentation in phantom and simulations demonstrated that ablation therapy can be performed using this antenna. However, an additional optimization procedure is warranted to increase the efficiency of the antenna.

scholarly journals A Low Cost and Portable Microwave Imaging System for Breast Tumor Detection Using UWB Directional Antenna array

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Islam ◽  
M. Z. Mahmud ◽  
M. Tarikul Islam ◽  
S. Kibria ◽  
M. Samsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Imaging ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Breast Phantom

Abstract Globally, breast cancer is a major reason for female mortality. Due to the limitations of current clinical imaging, the researchers are encouraged to explore alternative and complementary tools to available techniques to detect the breast tumor in an earlier stage. This article outlines a new, portable, and low-cost microwave imaging (MWI) system using an iterative enhancing technique for breast imaging. A compact side slotted tapered slot antenna is designed for microwave imaging. The radiating fins of tapered slot antenna are modified by etching nine rectangular side slots. The irregular slots on the radiating fins enhance the electrical length as well as produce strong directive radiation due to the suppression of induced surface currents that radiate vertically at the outer edges of the radiating arms with end-fire direction. It has remarkable effects on efficiency and gain. With the addition of slots, the side-lobe levels are reduced, the gain of the main-lobe is increased and corrects the squint effects simultaneously, thus improving the characteristics of the radiation. For experimental validation, a heterogeneous breast phantom was developed that contains dielectric properties identical to real breast tissues with the inclusion of tumors. An alternative PC controlled and microcontroller-based mechanical MWI system is designed and developed to collect the antenna scattering signal. The radiated backscattered signals from the targeted area of the human body are analyzed to reveal the changes in dielectric properties in tissues. The dielectric constants of tumorous cells are higher than that of normal tissues due to their higher water content. The remarkable deviation of the scattered field is processed by using newly proposed Iteratively Corrected Delay and Sum (IC-DAS) algorithm and the reconstruction of the image of the phantom interior is done. The developed UWB (Ultra-Wideband) antenna based MWI has been able to perform the detection of tumorous cells in breast phantom that can pave the way to saving lives.

scholarly journals An unsupervised MVA method to compare specific regions in human breast tumor tissue samples using ToF-SIMS

The Analyst ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (6) ◽  
pp. 1947-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blake M. Bluestein ◽  
Fionnuala Morrish ◽  
Daniel J. Graham ◽  
Jamie Guenthoer ◽  
David Hockenbery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Human Breast Tumor ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Breast Tumor Tissue ◽  
Tof Sims ◽  
Selection Of

PCA-generated regions of interest (ROI) selection of imaging ToF-SIMS data allows chemical comparison of multiple breast cancer specimens.

scholarly journals Development of Tyrosine-Based RadiotracerTc99m-N4-Tyrosine for Breast Cancer Imaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Fan-Lin Kong ◽  
Mohammad S. Ali ◽  
Alex Rollo ◽  
Daniel L. Smith ◽  
Yinhan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Tumor ◽  
Radiochemical Purity ◽  
Breast Cancer Imaging ◽  
Scintigraphic Imaging ◽  
Breast Tumor Tissue ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Synthesis Yield ◽  
Inflammatory Tissue

The purpose of this study was to develop an efficient way to synthesizeTc99m-O-[3-(1,4,8,11-tetraazabicyclohexadecane)-propyl]-tyrosine (Tc99m-N4-Tyrosine), a novel amino acid-based radiotracer, and evaluate its potential in breast cancer gamma imaging. Precursor N4-Tyrosine was synthesized using a 5-step procedure, and its total synthesis yield was 38%. It was successfully labeled withTc99mwith high radiochemical purity (>95%). Cellular uptake ofTc99m-N4-Tyrosine was much higher than that ofTc99m-N4 and the clinical gold standard18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-glucose (18F-FDG) in rat breast tumor cellsin vitro. Tissue uptake and dosimetry estimation in normal rats revealed thatTc99m-N4-Tyrosine could be safely administered to humans. Evaluation in breast tumor-bearing rats showed that althoughTc99m-N4-Tyrosine appeared to be inferior to18F-FDG in distinguishing breast tumor tissue from chemical-induced inflammatory tissue, it had high tumor-to-muscle uptake ratios and could detect breast tumors clearly by planar scintigraphic imaging.Tc99m-N4-Tyrosine could thus be a useful radiotracer for use in breast tumor diagnostic imaging.

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