scholarly journals Comparison of Microstrip W-Band Detectors Based on Zero Bias Schottky-Diodes

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1450
Author(s):  
Jéssica Gutiérrez ◽  
Kaoutar Zeljami ◽  
Juan Pablo Pascual ◽  
Tomás Fernández ◽  
Antonio Tazón
Keyword(s):  
Schottky Diode ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
W Band ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Em Simulation ◽  
3D Em

This paper presents and discusses three different low-cost microstrip implementations of Schottky-diode detectors in W Band, based on the use of the Zero Bias Diode (ZBD) from VDI (Virginia Diodes, Charlottesville, VA, USA). Designs are based on a previous work of modeling of the ZBD diode. Designs also feature low-cost, easy-to-use tooling substrates (RT Duroid 5880, 5 mils thickness) and even low-cost discrete SMD components such as SOTA resistances (State Of The Art TM miniaturized surface mount resistors), which are modeled to be used well above commercial frequency margins. Intensive use of 3D EM simulation tools such as HFSS TM is done to support microstrip board modeling. Measurements of the three designs fabricated are compared to simulations and discussed.

scholarly journals Accurately Modeling of Zero Biased Schottky-Diodes at Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jéssica Gutiérrez ◽  
Kaoutar Zeljami ◽  
Tomás Fernández ◽  
Juan Pablo Pascual ◽  
Antonio Tazón
Keyword(s):  
Flip Chip ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electromagnetic Simulation ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Simulation Tools ◽  
W Band ◽  
3D Em ◽  
Chip Attachment

This paper presents and discusses the careful modeling of a Zero Biased Diode, including low-frequency noise sources, providing a global model compatible with both wire bonding and flip-chip attachment techniques. The model is intended to cover from DC up to W-band behavior, and is based on DC, capacitance versus voltage, as well as scattering and power sweep harmonics measurements. Intensive use of 3D EM (ElectroMagnetic) simulation tools, such as HFSSTM, was done to support Zero Biased Diode parasitics modeling and microstrip board modeling. Measurements are compared with simulations and discussed. The models will provide useful support for detector designs in the W-band.

scholarly journals A Millimeter-Wave 4th-Harmonic Schottky Diode Mixer with Integrated Local Oscillator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7238
Author(s):  
José M. Pérez-Escudero ◽  
Carlos Quemada ◽  
Ramón Gonzalo ◽  
Iñigo Ederra
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Schottky Diode ◽  
Experimental Validation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Noise Temperature ◽  
Local Oscillator ◽  
Conversion Loss ◽  
Fourth Harmonic ◽  
Equivalent Noise Temperature

In this paper the design and experimental validation of a fourth-harmonic mixer based on Schottky diodes working around 300 GHz is presented. The main novelty of this work consists in the integration of an MMIC-based local oscillator, working around 75 GHz, and a mixer in the same metallic block housing. A prototype has been characterized using the Y-Factor method and yields a best measured conversion loss and an equivalent noise temperature of 14 dB and 9600 K, respectively. This performance is comparable to the state-of-the-art for this type of mixer.

Methodology for Analysis of Schottky Diode Failures

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu P. Sood ◽  
Michael Pecht ◽  
John Miker ◽  
Tom Wanek
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Schottky Diode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Forward Voltage ◽  
Fast Switching ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
The Common

Abstract Schottky diodes are semiconductor switching devices with low forward voltage drops and very fast switching speeds. This paper provides an overview of the common failure modes in Schottky diodes and corresponding failure mechanisms associated with each failure mode. Results of material level evaluation on diodes and packages as well as manufacturing and assembly processes are analyzed to identify a set of possible failure sites with associated failure modes, mechanisms, and causes. A case study is then presented to illustrate the application of a systematic FMMEA methodology to the analysis of a specific failure in a Schottky diode package.

scholarly journals UV Inscription and Pressure Induced Long-Period Gratings through 3D Printed Amplitude Masks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1977
Author(s):  
Ricardo Oliveira ◽  
Liliana M. Sousa ◽  
Ana M. Rocha ◽  
Rogério Nogueira ◽  
Lúcia Bilro
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonance Wavelength ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Pressing Method ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Long Period Gratings ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mechanical Pressing ◽  
First Time

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time the capability to inscribe long-period gratings (LPGs) with UV radiation using simple and low cost amplitude masks fabricated with a consumer grade 3D printer. The spectrum obtained for a grating with 690 µm period and 38 mm length presented good quality, showing sharp resonances (i.e., 3 dB bandwidth < 3 nm), low out-of-band loss (~0.2 dB), and dip losses up to 18 dB. Furthermore, the capability to select the resonance wavelength has been demonstrated using different amplitude mask periods. The customization of the masks makes it possible to fabricate gratings with complex structures. Additionally, the simplicity in 3D printing an amplitude mask solves the problem of the lack of amplitude masks on the market and avoids the use of high resolution motorized stages, as is the case of the point-by-point technique. Finally, the 3D printed masks were also used to induce LPGs using the mechanical pressing method. Due to the better resolution of these masks compared to ones described on the state of the art, we were able to induce gratings with higher quality, such as low out-of-band loss (0.6 dB), reduced spectral ripples, and narrow bandwidths (~3 nm).

Accurate 3D Localization Using RGB-TOF Camera and IMU for Industrial Mobile Robots

Robotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Majid Yekkehfallah ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Zhiao Cai ◽  
Liang Li ◽  
Chuanxiang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robots ◽  
Inertial Measurement Unit ◽  
Indoor Environment ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
3D Localization ◽  
Fast Motion ◽  
Tof Camera

SUMMARY Localization based on visual natural landmarks is one of the state-of-the-art localization methods for automated vehicles that is, however, limited in fast motion and low-texture environments, which can lead to failure. This paper proposes an approach to solve these limitations with an extended Kalman filter (EKF) based on a state estimation algorithm that fuses information from a low-cost MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit and a Time-of-Flight camera. We demonstrate our results in an indoor environment. We show that the proposed approach does not require any global reflective landmark for localization and is fast, accurate, and easy to use with mobile robots.

scholarly journals Single-Layer Line-Fed Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna on Thin Substrates

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Roberto Vincenti Gatti ◽  
Riccardo Rossi ◽  
Marco Dionigi
Keyword(s):  
Patch Antenna ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Microstrip Antennas ◽  
Microstrip Patch Antenna ◽  
Layer Line ◽  
Limited Bandwidth ◽  
Microstrip Patch ◽  
Effective Design

In this work, the issue of limited bandwidth typical of microstrip antennas realized on a single thin substrate is addressed. A simple yet effective design approach is proposed based on the combination of traditional single-resonance patch geometries. Two novel shaped microstrip patch antenna elements with an inset feed are presented. Despite being printed on a single-layer substrate with reduced thickness, both radiators are characterized by a broadband behavior. The antennas are prototyped with a low-cost and fast manufacturing process, and measured results validate the simulations. State-of-the-art performance is obtained when compared to the existing literature, with measured fractional bandwidths of 3.71% and 6.12% around 10 GHz on a 0.508-mm-thick Teflon-based substrate. The small feeding line width could be an appealing feature whenever such radiating elements are to be used in array configurations.

scholarly journals A Machine Vision Approach for Bioreactor Foam Sensing

2021 ◽  
pp. 247263032110088
Author(s):  
Jonas Austerjost ◽  
Robert Söldner ◽  
Christoffer Edlund ◽  
Johan Trygg ◽  
David Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Fine Grained

Machine vision is a powerful technology that has become increasingly popular and accurate during the last decade due to rapid advances in the field of machine learning. The majority of machine vision applications are currently found in consumer electronics, automotive applications, and quality control, yet the potential for bioprocessing applications is tremendous. For instance, detecting and controlling foam emergence is important for all upstream bioprocesses, but the lack of robust foam sensing often leads to batch failures from foam-outs or overaddition of antifoam agents. Here, we report a new low-cost, flexible, and reliable foam sensor concept for bioreactor applications. The concept applies convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a state-of-the-art machine learning system for image processing. The implemented method shows high accuracy for both binary foam detection (foam/no foam) and fine-grained classification of foam levels.

scholarly journals 60–700 K CTAT and PTAT Temperature Sensors with 4H-SiC Schottky Diodes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Razvan Pascu ◽  
Gheorghe Pristavu ◽  
Gheorghe Brezeanu ◽  
Florin Draghici ◽  
Philippe Godignon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Schottky Contact ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Readout Circuit ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
High Performing

A SiC Schottky dual-diode temperature-sensing element, suitable for both complementary variation of VF with absolute temperature (CTAT) and differential proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) sensors, is demonstrated over 60–700 K, currently the widest range reported. The structure’s layout places the two identical diodes in close, symmetrical proximity. A stable and high-barrier Schottky contact based on Ni, annealed at 750 °C, is used. XRD analysis evinced the even distribution of Ni2Si over the entire Schottky contact area. Forward measurements in the 60–700 K range indicate nearly identical characteristics for the dual-diodes, with only minor inhomogeneity. Our parallel diode (p-diode) model is used to parameterize experimental curves and evaluate sensing performances over this far-reaching domain. High sensitivity, upwards of 2.32 mV/K, is obtained, with satisfactory linearity (R2 reaching 99.80%) for the CTAT sensor, even down to 60 K. The PTAT differential version boasts increased linearity, up to 99.95%. The lower sensitivity is, in this case, compensated by using a high-performing, low-cost readout circuit, leading to a peak 14.91 mV/K, without influencing linearity.

A low-cost asymmetric carbazole-based hole-transporting material for efficient perovskite solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueqiao Li ◽  
Na Sun ◽  
Zhanfeng Li ◽  
Jinbo Chen ◽  
Qinjun Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
The State ◽  
Hole Transporting ◽  
Hole Transporting Material

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have reached their highest efficiency with the state-of-the-art hole-transporting material (HTM) spiro-OMeTAD.

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