scholarly journals Wearable Triband E-Shaped Dipole Antenna with Low SAR for IoT Applications

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemin Azeez ◽  
Hung-Chi Yang ◽  
Wen-Shan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rectangular Patch ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Denim Fabric ◽  
Lower Frequency Band ◽  
Flexible Antenna ◽  
Novel Design

This paper presents a novel design of a flexible and wearable E-shaped, multiband dipole antenna. The antenna has a low profile and is printed on a common 2 mm thick denim fabric ( ε r = 1.7 ). By installing a passively coupled rectangular patch with L-shaped cuts, the lower frequency band is supported and the bandwidth at higher frequencies is also enhanced. The antenna’s performance was observed under different deformations in free space as well as when it was placed on different parts of the human body. No significant changes in the characteristics of the frequency bands of interest were observed for the flexible antenna compared with the initial nondeformable antenna. Simulations for 10 g average specific absorption rate (SAR) at different input powers up to 250 mW were carried out considering that the antenna adheres well to the human body and there is no spacing or shielding. The obtained results show that the amount of energy absorbed by the body tissue increases by increasing the incident power.

Dual-band all textile antenna with AMC for heartbeat monitor and pacemaker control applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Farah R. Kareem ◽  
Mohamed El Atrash ◽  
Ahmed A. Ibrahim ◽  
Mahmoud A. Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Environment ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Magnetic Conductor ◽  
Control Applications ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Textile Antenna ◽  
Wearable Medical

Abstract All textile integrated dual-band monopole antenna with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is proposed. The proposed design operates at 2.4 and 5.8 GHz for wearable medical applications to monitor the heartbeat. A flexible and low-profile E- shaped CPW dual-band textile antenna is integrated with a 4 × 4 dual-band textile AMC reflector to enhance the gain and specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR is reduced by nearly 95% at both 1 and 10 g. The design was measured on the body with a 2 mm separation. The simulated and measured results appear in high agreement in the case of with and without AMC array integration. The measurement was performed in the indoor environment and in an anechoic chamber to validate the design based on reflection coefficient and radiation pattern measurements.

EVALUATION OF ELECTROMAGNETICS RADIATION FOR STROKE PATIENTS AND NON-STROKE PARTICIPANTS ACCORDING TO BODY SEGMENTATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S.S.A. Kadir ◽  
Zunairah Hj Murat ◽  
M.N. Taib ◽  
Siti Zura A. Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Body Segmentation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Frequency Detector

This research evaluates the electromagnetic radiation (EMR) for the stroke patients and non-stroke patients according to body segmentation. The human body is divided into three segments: top, middle and bottom. The frequency in hertz is collected at 23 points around the human body namely left side, right side and chakra points from 199 subjects undergoing post-stroke treatment and 100 non-stroke participants. The EMR is captured using frequency detector equipped with a dipole antenna. The data is collected by taking the reading of the frequency 5 times at each point at the same location; hence, the average value is calculated. The statistical analysis of the EMR are examined using SPSS software and Microsoft excel is used to calculate the average frequency of the data. In conclusion, the findings significantly shows that stroke patients has lower frequency value of EMR for both right side and left side but has higher frequency for chakra system. This is true for all the three segments of the body. Furthermore, it is also  shown that there is no correlation between the left and the right side frequency for the stroke patients whereas the left-right correlation values are significantly high for the non-stroke participants. This observation justify that EMR from human body can contribute to early detection for stroke.

scholarly journals A compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for wearable applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1739-1746
Author(s):  
S. M. Shah ◽  
A. A. Rosman ◽  
M. A. Z. A. Rashid ◽  
Z. Z. Abidin ◽  
F. C. Seman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Input Power ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Dual Band ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Flexible Antenna

In this work, a compact dual-band semi-flexible antenna operating at         2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz for the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band is presented. The antenna is fabricated on a semi-flexible substrate material, Rogers Duroid RO3003™ with a low-profile feature with dimensions of 30×38 mm2 which makes it a good solution for wearable applications. Bending investigation is also performed over a vacuum cylinder and the diameters are varied at 50 mm, 80 mm and 100 mm, that represents the average human arm’s diameter. The bending investigation shows that reflection coefficients for all diameters are almost similar which imply that the antenna will operate at the dual-band resonant frequencies, even in bending condition. The simulated specific absorption rate (SAR) in CST MWS® software shows that the antenna obeys the FCC and ICNIRP guidelines for 1 mW of input power. The SAR limits at 2.45 GHz for 1 g of human tissue is simulated at 0.271 W/kg (FCC standard: 1.6 W/kg) while for 10 g is at 0.0551 W/kg (ICNIRP standard: 2 W/kg. On the other hand, the SAR limits at 5.8 GHz are computed at 0.202 W/kg for 1 g and 0.0532 W/kg for 10 g.

ESTIMATION OF SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE IN THE HUMAN LEG AND TESTICLE DUE TO A METALLIC RING

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazirah Othman ◽  
Noor Asmawati Samsuri ◽  
Mohamad Kamal A Rahim
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
Antenna Radiation ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Antenna Radiation Pattern ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Metallic Ring

This research evaluates the effect of human body and metallic ring in the vicinity of dipole antenna on antenna radiation pattern and Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). Homogeneous and realistic body models have been considered in the paper. Half wave dipole antenna is used as the excitation source operating at 0.9 GHz and 1.8 GHz. The metallic ring is modelled as conducting objects. The results have shown that the presence of human body near to the antenna significantly distorted the antenna radiation pattern. The antenna gain is decresed approximately 10 dB at 0.9 GH and 25 dB at 1.8 GHz in the direction of body. Nevertheless, the presence of metallic ring do not have any profound effect on antenna radiation pattern due to their size which is relatively small compared to the size of the human body. Additional metallic ring close to the human leg could alter the SAR and the effect varies depending on the size of the rings. The presence of metallic ring significantly increases the averaged 10g SAR inside the testicle by more than 20% at 1.8 GHz.

scholarly journals Human Body Specific Absorption Rate Reduction Employing a Compact Magneto-Dielectric AMC Structure for 5G Massive-MIMO Applications

Eng ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-511
Author(s):  
Reza Karimian ◽  
Mansoor Dashti Ardakani ◽  
Shahrokh Ahmadi ◽  
Mona Zaghloul
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Coplanar Waveguide ◽  
Center Frequency ◽  
Specific Absorption ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Voxel Model ◽  
Zero Degree ◽  
Simulation Results

A compact artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure for the application of specific absorption rate (SAR) reduction is presented in this paper. A magneto-dielectric (MD) structure as a host of AMC substrate is used to miniaturize the AMC size. The magneto-dielectric has been designed with a low-profile spiral loop in a way to have a high permittivity and permeability for the desired center frequency of 3.5 GHz. Simulation results confirm the zero-degree reflection phase of the proposed AMC unit cell. Moreover, a 70% reduction has been achieved in comparison to the conventional AMC. To validate the simulation results, a prototype of the board is fabricated and measured with a coplanar waveguide (CPW) antenna for the reflection coefficient. The measurement results display an excellent agreement with the simulation ones. A VOXEL model of a human body is utilized to determine the SAR value of the proposed structure. Considering the maximum SAR value for an average of 10 g human tissue, more than 70% SAR reduction is verified for the CPW antenna with the recommended MD-AMC structure compared to a conventional single CPW antenna.

TEXTILE DIPOLE ANTENNA FOR WEARABLE APPLICATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Abdullah ◽  
Mohamad Kamal A. Rahim ◽  
N. A. Samsuri ◽  
N. A. Murad ◽  
M. E. Jalil
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Electronic System ◽  
Dipole Antenna ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antenna Measurement ◽  
Wearable System ◽  
Antenna Performance ◽  
System A ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Wet Condition

 The idea of wearable electronic system has triggered a vast research on the capability of implementing the system on daily garment. As a wearable system, the human body friction should be taken into account. Antenna is one of the main structure in wearable communication system. This paper presents a study on a textile dipole antenna with two different conducting materials. The conducting materials are Shieldit fabric and copper fabric while the substrate is denim. The denim has a dielectric constant of 1.67 with 0.85 mm thickness and loss tangent of 0.019. The antenna resonates at Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band which is at 2.45 GHz. Antenna performances are observed in terms of reflection coefficient, bandwidth, and radiation pattern. Three different investigations are analysed: antenna measurement with two different bending sizes, under wet conditions and on-body conditions. The bending and wetness effect of the textile antenna are also investigated. No significant changes to the antenna performance under the bending condition. The antenna cannot operate in wet condition at desired frequency. In addition, on-body measurement is done to investigate the antenna properties in wearable system. A suitable placement of the antenna on the human body has been discovered between the front and back of the body and the arm.

Variability of Specific Absorption Rate of Human Body for Various Configurations of Tablet Computer in Vicinity of Abdomen

2015 ◽  
Vol E98.B (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro TATENO ◽  
Tomoaki NAGAOKA ◽  
Kazuyuki SAITO ◽  
Soichi WATANABE ◽  
Masaharu TAKAHASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Specific Absorption Rate ◽  
Tablet Computer ◽  
Specific Absorption

Correction of Posture Deviations in the Sagittal Plane Using the Pilates Method

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Alexandru Cîtea ◽  
George-Sebastian Iacob
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Pilates Method ◽  
The Relationship

Posture is commonly perceived as the relationship between the segments of the human body upright. Certain parts of the body such as the cephalic extremity, neck, torso, upper and lower limbs are involved in the final posture of the body. Musculoskeletal instabilities and reduced postural control lead to the installation of nonstructural posture deviations in all 3 anatomical planes. When we talk about the sagittal plane, it was concluded that there are 4 main types of posture deviation: hyperlordotic posture, kyphotic posture, rectitude and "sway-back" posture.Pilates method has become in the last decade a much more popular formof exercise used in rehabilitation. The Pilates method is frequently prescribed to people with low back pain due to their orientation on the stabilizing muscles of the pelvis. Pilates exercise is thus theorized to help reactivate the muscles and, by doingso, increases lumbar support, reduces pain, and improves body alignment.

Representation of a Human Body: A Comparison Study between Balinese and Javanese Traditional House

Humaniora ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ayu Wulandari ◽  
Ade Ariyani Sari Fajarwati
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Comparison Study ◽  
Architectural Drawing ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Head Area

The research would look further at the representation of the human body in both Balinese and Javanese traditional houses and compared the function and meaning of each part. To achieve the research aim, which was to evaluate and compare the representation of the human body in Javanese and Balinese traditional houses, a qualitative method through literature and descriptive analysis study was conducted. A comparative study approach would be used with an in-depth comparative study. It would revealed not only the similarities but also the differences between both subjects. The research shows that both traditional houses represent the human body in their way. From the architectural drawing top to bottom, both houses show the same structure that is identical to the human body; head at the top, followed by the body, and feet at the bottom. However, the comparative study shows that each area represents a different meaning. The circulation of the house is also different, while the Balinese house is started with feet and continued to body and head area. Simultaneously, the Javanese house is started with the head, then continued to body, and feet area.

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