scholarly journals A Hybrid QoS-QoE Estimation System for IPTV Service

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Frnda ◽  
Jan Nedoma ◽  
Jan Vanus ◽  
Radek Martinek
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Packet Networks ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
National Regulation ◽  
Estimation System

The internet protocol television service (IPTV) has become a key product for internet service providers (ISP), offering several benefits to both ISP and end-users. Because packet networks based on internet protocol have not been prepared for time-sensitive services, such as voice or video, packet networks have had to adopt several mechanisms to secure minimal transmission standards in the form of data stream prioritization. There are two commonly used approaches for video quality assessment. The first approach needs an original source for comparison (full-reference objective metrics), and the second one requires observers for subjective evaluation of video quality. Both approaches are impractical in real-time transmission because it is difficult to transform an objective score into a subjective quality perception, and on the other hand, subjective tests are not able to be performed immediately. Since many countries worldwide put IPTV on the same level as other broadcasting systems (e.g., terrestrial, cable, or satellite), IPTV services are subject to regulation by the national regulation authority. This results in the need to prepare service qualitative criteria and monitoring tools capable of measuring end-user satisfaction levels. Our proposed model combines the principles of both assessment approaches, which results in an effective monitoring solution. Therefore, the main contribution of the created system is to offer a monitoring tool able to analyze the features extracted from the video sequence and transmission system and promptly translate their impact into a subjective point of view.

scholarly journals Adaptive Reservation of Network Resources According to Video Classification Scenes

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1949
Author(s):  
Lukas Sevcik ◽  
Miroslav Voznak
Keyword(s):  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Quality Evaluation ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Subjective Assessment ◽  
Video Sequences ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Proposed Model

Video quality evaluation needs a combined approach that includes subjective and objective metrics, testing, and monitoring of the network. This paper deals with the novel approach of mapping quality of service (QoS) to quality of experience (QoE) using QoE metrics to determine user satisfaction limits, and applying QoS tools to provide the minimum QoE expected by users. Our aim was to connect objective estimations of video quality with the subjective estimations. A comprehensive tool for the estimation of the subjective evaluation is proposed. This new idea is based on the evaluation and marking of video sequences using the sentinel flag derived from spatial information (SI) and temporal information (TI) in individual video frames. The authors of this paper created a video database for quality evaluation, and derived SI and TI from each video sequence for classifying the scenes. Video scenes from the database were evaluated by objective and subjective assessment. Based on the results, a new model for prediction of subjective quality is defined and presented in this paper. This quality is predicted using an artificial neural network based on the objective evaluation and the type of video sequences defined by qualitative parameters such as resolution, compression standard, and bitstream. Furthermore, the authors created an optimum mapping function to define the threshold for the variable bitrate setting based on the flag in the video, determining the type of scene in the proposed model. This function allows one to allocate a bitrate dynamically for a particular segment of the scene and maintains the desired quality. Our proposed model can help video service providers with the increasing the comfort of the end users. The variable bitstream ensures consistent video quality and customer satisfaction, while network resources are used effectively. The proposed model can also predict the appropriate bitrate based on the required quality of video sequences, defined using either objective or subjective assessment.

Hands-On Network Device Virtualization With VRF (Virtual Routing and Forwarding)

2018 ◽  
pp. 277-296
Author(s):  
Ganesh Chandra Deka ◽  
Prashanta Kumar Das ◽  
Rahul Borah
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Internet Service Providers ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Routing Table ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Virtual Routers ◽  
Technology Users ◽  
Network Device

Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF) is a technology that allows multiple instances of IP (Internet Protocol) routing table to co-exist within the same Router at the same time. The routing instances are independent, allowing the same or overlapping IP addresses to be used without conflict. Using VRF technology, users can virtualize a network device from a Layer 3 standpoint of creating different “Virtual Routers” in the same physical device. Internet Service Providers (ISP) often use VRF technology to create separate routing table in a single physical Router which are completely isolated one from the others. This chapter discusses about the configuration of VRF-Lite in GNS3 (Graphical Network Simulator-3) on RIP/v2, EIGRP and OSPF protocols.

scholarly journals The future of sports delivery in Australia NBN multicast, IPTV and the role of the ISPs

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Anthony McCosker
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Content Delivery ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Public Comment ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Internet Protocol Television

Where lucrative media rights deals for sports content currently lie primarily with pay TV and free to air (FTA) broadcasters, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) entering the content delivery market through partners such as Fetch TV may be better placed to compete for distribution rights to sporting and other live events. In response to this shifting environment this paper outlines the technological capacities of NBN-based multicast Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and examines public comment and interview data from ISPs, sports organisations and NBN Co. regarding their intentions for IPTV delivery. This paper begins with the assumption that diversity in these emerging media forms remains important as ISPs enter the media content market. We demonstrate, however, that despite the emergence of NBN-based technologies, diversity in sports content distribution cannot be assumed. The paper points toward the important role that regulators, such as the ACCC, have in maintaining diversity and competition in IPTV services.

scholarly journals A Novel Traffic Rate Measurement Algorithm for Quality of Experience-Aware Video Admission Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Kist ◽  
qahhar muhammad qadir ◽  
ZHONGWEI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Video Traffic ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Traffic Rate

With the inevitable dominance of video traffic on the Internet, providing perceptually good video quality is becoming a challenging task. This is partly due to the bursty nature of video traffic, changing network conditions and limitations of network transport protocols. This growth of video traffic has made Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end user the focus of the research community. In contrast, Internet service providers are concerned about maximizing revenue by accepting as many sessions as possible, as long as customers remain satisfied. However, there is still no entirely satisfactory admission algorithm for flows with variable rate. The trade-off between the number of sessions and perceived QoE can be optimized by exploiting the bursty nature of video traffic. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to determine the upper limit of the aggregate video rate that can exceed the available bandwidth without degrading the QoE of accepted video sessions. A parameter $\beta$ that defines the exceedable limit is defined. The proposed algorithm results in accepting more sessions without compromising the QoE of on-going video sessions. Thus it contributes to the optimization of the QoE-Session trade-off in support of the expected growth of video traffic on the Internet.

scholarly journals Analytic Approach of Internet Pricing Scheme Model Based on function of Bandwidth Diminished with Increasing Bandwidth

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartati Hartati ◽  
Fitri Maya Puspita ◽  
Indrawati Indrawati
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
The Internet ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Pricing Scheme ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Pricing Schemes ◽  
Heterogeneous Consumers

Along with the changing times, the internet is becoming essential for everyday life. As the internet service providers, ISPs are required to provide a good service so as to give satisfaction to consumers at a low price. However, ISPs are expected to not only take into account customer satisfaction, but also take into account the advantages gained by considering all the factors that exist. Therefore, ISPs are given the option of pricing schemes, namely flat fee, usage-based, and two part tariff pricing schemes to be applied to the utility function as a function of bandwidth decreases with increasing bandwidth to maximize the benefits ISPs with regard to the level of user satisfaction. This study analyzed the two types of customers, namely homogeneous and heterogeneous consumers. Consumers are divided into heterogeneous consumer of willingness to pay (high end and low end) and with different consumption levels (high demand and low demand).In the case of consumers with homogeneous and heterogeneous consumer of willingness to pay (high end and low end), optimal pricing scheme is obtained if the ISP uses a flat fee and a two-part tariff schemes. As for heterogeneous consumers with different consumption levels (high demand and low demand), the scheme of two part tariff is the optimal scheme to generate maximum profits.

scholarly journals The future of sports delivery in Australia NBN multicast, IPTV and the role of the ISPs

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Anthony McCosker
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Content Delivery ◽  
Media Content ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Public Comment ◽  
Emerging Media ◽  
The Media ◽  
Internet Protocol Television

Where lucrative media rights deals for sports content currently lie primarily with pay TV and free to air (FTA) broadcasters, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) entering the content delivery market through partners such as Fetch TV may be better placed to compete for distribution rights to sporting and other live events. In response to this shifting environment this paper outlines the technological capacities of NBN-based multicast Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and examines public comment and interview data from ISPs, sports organisations and NBN Co. regarding their intentions for IPTV delivery. This paper begins with the assumption that diversity in these emerging media forms remains important as ISPs enter the media content market. We demonstrate, however, that despite the emergence of NBN-based technologies, diversity in sports content distribution cannot be assumed. The paper points toward the important role that regulators, such as the ACCC, have in maintaining diversity and competition in IPTV services.

scholarly journals Implementation of IPv6 Internet Service with MPLS Networks and MPLSL3VPN Service in IPv6 Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8715-8720
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Virtual Private Network ◽  
Video Traffic ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Public Network ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Ipv6 Networks ◽  
Private Network ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Exchanging the data packets seems as very challenging task due to exponential growth in network interface. Meanwhile, this increased interface makes use of next generation of internet protocol (IPv6) which will eventually replace the IPv4. Major issues in this replacement is the compatibility, both requires different set of routing protocols. Multi-Protocol Label Switching, a rapidly growing telecommunication infrastructure technology which works on special protocol suitable for both versions of Internet Protocol. MPLS uses the third OSI layer addressing coupled to second layer speed in switching and this paves the way for greater transfer of information, voice and video traffic. Virtual Private Network is the fastest growing technology for connecting the dispersed sites of same customer using the public network without any interference with other networks. This is an attractive technology to service providers because it enhances the flexibility for using variety of classes of services. This paper deals with the implementation of IPv6 networks for internet services using MPLS background which offers increased transfer in data, voice and video traffic. It also deals with, implementing MPLS based Virtual Private Network in IPv6 infrastructure using GNS3 simulator. This is done on behalf of the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) which isolates the dispersed site in an Autonomous System (AS), connected to a public network

scholarly journals A Novel Traffic Rate Measurement Algorithm for Quality of Experience-Aware Video Admission Control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Kist ◽  
qahhar muhammad qadir ◽  
ZHONGWEI ZHANG
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Experience ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Video Traffic ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Available Bandwidth ◽  
Traffic Rate

With the inevitable dominance of video traffic on the Internet, providing perceptually good video quality is becoming a challenging task. This is partly due to the bursty nature of video traffic, changing network conditions and limitations of network transport protocols. This growth of video traffic has made Quality of Experience (QoE) of the end user the focus of the research community. In contrast, Internet service providers are concerned about maximizing revenue by accepting as many sessions as possible, as long as customers remain satisfied. However, there is still no entirely satisfactory admission algorithm for flows with variable rate. The trade-off between the number of sessions and perceived QoE can be optimized by exploiting the bursty nature of video traffic. This paper proposes a novel algorithm to determine the upper limit of the aggregate video rate that can exceed the available bandwidth without degrading the QoE of accepted video sessions. A parameter $\beta$ that defines the exceedable limit is defined. The proposed algorithm results in accepting more sessions without compromising the QoE of on-going video sessions. Thus it contributes to the optimization of the QoE-Session trade-off in support of the expected growth of video traffic on the Internet.

scholarly journals A Proposed Model for the Mutual Dependency Between QoE and QoS in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan F. Khazaal ◽  
Rawaa I. Farhan ◽  
Baraa I. Farhan ◽  
Haider Th. Salim ALRikabi ◽  
Tasos Dagiuklas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Networks ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Subjective Test ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Wireless Heterogeneous Networks

     Streaming of video over wireless heterogeneous networks coping with the problem of packet loss which affects the perceived video quality. The service providers usually use the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio PSNR as a metric measure for the quality of their provided service. So they use the quality of service QoS of the network as a sign on the quality of their presented service. The QoS deal with the objective tests of the provided service, which mean the measure of PSNR of the presented objects. The presented objects may not get the satisfaction of the network users due to many factors although that the PSNR of the used service is enough for presenting the service. Recently the service providers use the Quality of Experience QoE term which deal with the subjective test of the presented object (i.e. the user satisfaction measure). In this paper we propose a new model to identify the importance or the significance of the role of the QoE assessment for the service providers. To verify our proposed model we did a referendum for 55 participants in order to assess their judgment on the quality of some presented videos. The results of the referendum match the consideration of the proposed model.           

Inferring Streaming Video Quality from Encrypted Traffic

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Francesco Bronzino ◽  
Paul Schmitt ◽  
Sara Ayoubi ◽  
Guilherme Martins ◽  
Renata Teixeira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Video Quality ◽  
Composite Model ◽  
Streaming Video ◽  
Internet Service Providers ◽  
Video Streams ◽  
Internet Service ◽  
Startup Delay ◽  
Encrypted Traffic

Inferring the quality of streaming video applications is important for Internet service providers, but the fact that most video streams are encrypted makes it difficult to do so.We develop models that infer quality metrics (i.e., startup delay and resolution) for encrypted streaming video services. Our paper builds on previous work, but extends it in several ways. First, the models work in deployment settings where the video sessions and segments must be identified from a mix of traffic and the time precision of the collected traffic statistics is more coarse (e.g., due to aggregation). Second, we develop a single composite model that works for a range of different services (i.e., Netflix, YouTube, Amazon, and Twitch), as opposed to just a single service. Third, unlike many previous models, our models perform predictions at finer granularity (e.g., the precise startup delay instead of just detecting short versus long delays) allowing to draw better conclusions on the ongoing streaming quality. Fourth, we demonstrate the models are practical through a 16-month deployment in 66 homes and provide new insights about the relationships between Internet "speed" and the quality of the corresponding video streams, for a variety of services; we find that higher speeds provide only minimal improvements to startup delay and resolution.

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