scholarly journals Electric Field and Dispersion Characteristic Calculations of Glass Tube Waveguides Filled with Biological Substances

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darius Plonis ◽  
Juozas Bučinskas ◽  
Raimondas Pomarnacki ◽  
Darius Miniotas ◽  
Šarūnas Paulikas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Magnetic Core ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Broad Bandwidth ◽  
Inner Radius ◽  
Core Modes

This study presents calculation of dispersion characteristics in the frequency range 1–100 GHz as well as electric field distributions in an open cylindrical waveguide with a central channel. The waveguide is made of glass material. The channel can be either empty or filled with blood plasma or blood cells. We investigated two kinds of electromagnetic (ЕМ) waves, the “tube” and “core” modes, each having a different structure of their electric fields. In the current study, the analysis focused on the fundamental and the first higher hybrid magnetic and electric “tube” modes. The fundamental “tube” mode that propagates in the waveguide filled with blood plasma is characterized by a very small loss at frequencies above 65 GHz. Meanwhile, the first higher mode suffers from strong attenuation in the same frequency range. This calls for finding ways to improve the waveguide’s broad-bandwidth. Our approach involves determining the dependence of this parameter on the inner radius of the waveguide. Extremes of the waveguide’s broad-bandwidth are observed at certain values of its inner radius. When the waveguide is filled with blood plasma or blood cells, the electric fields of the magnetic “tube” mode concentrate around the channel, and the electric field intensity decreases with the propagation of this mode along the waveguide, i.e., with increase of coordinate z. If the channel is filled with blood cells, the electric field of the hybrid magnetic “core” mode is concentrated in the center of the waveguide. This mode is characterized by a large attenuation h”, which reaches 500 m−1 at 30 GHz.

scholarly journals Liposomes Under Real Cell Conditions Behave Like Real Cells with a Single Pulsed Electric Field

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Urabe ◽  
Masaharu Shimada ◽  
Takumi Ogata ◽  
Sunao Katsuki
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Physical Model ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Pulsed Electric Fields ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Real Cell ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

AbstractLiposomes are widely assumed to present a straightforward physical model of cells. However, almost all previous liposome experiments with pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have been conducted in low-conductivity liquids, a condition that differs significantly from that of cells in medium. Here, we prepared liposomes consisting of soy bean lecithin and cholesterol, at a molar ratio of 1:1, in higher-conductivity liquid that approximated the conditions of red blood cells in phosphate-buffered saline, with inner and outer liquid conductivities of 0.6 and 1.6 S/m, respectively. We found that a single 1.1 kV/cm, 400 μs PEF promoted cell-like spontaneous division of liposomes.

scholarly journals The MEFISTO and WPT Electric Field Sensors of the Plasma Wave Investigation on the BepiColombo Mio Spacecraft

2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Karlsson ◽  
Y. Kasaba ◽  
J.-E. Wahlund ◽  
P. Henri ◽  
L. Bylander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Plasma Wave ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Antenna Element ◽  
Radio Waves ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Dipole Antennas ◽  
Electric Field Sensors ◽  
Electric Field Measurements

AbstractThis paper describes the design of MEFISTO (Mercury Electric Field In-Situ Tool) and WPT (Wire Probe Antenna) electric field sensors for Plasma Wave Investigation (PWI) on the BepiColombo Mio spacecraft (Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter, MMO). The two sensors will enable the first observations of electric fields, plasma waves and radio waves in and around the Hermean magnetosphere and exosphere. MEFISTO and WPT are dipole antennas with 31.6 m tip-to-tip length. Each antenna element has a spherical probe at each end of the wire (15 m length). They are extended orthogonally in the spin plane of the spacecraft and enable measurements of the electric field in the frequency range of DC to 10 MHz by the connection to two sets of receivers, EWO for a lower frequency range and SORBET for higher frequencies. In the initial operations after the launch (20 Oct. 2018), we succeeded to confirm the health of both antennas and to release the launch lock of the WPT. After Mercury orbit insertion planned at the end of 2025, both sensors will be fully deployed and activate full operations of the PWI electric field measurements.

Membrane Fusion and Deformation of Red Blood Cells by Electric Fields

1980 ◽  
Vol 35 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1081-1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Scheurich ◽  
Ulrich Zimmermann ◽  
Maja Mischel ◽  
Ingolf Lamprecht
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Membrane Fusion ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Electrical Breakdown ◽  
Osmotic Shock ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Alternating Electric Field

Abstract Human red blood cells suspended in a slightly hypotonic solution of low electric conductivity were exposed to an inhomogeneous and alternating electric field (sine wave, 30 V peak-to-peak value, electrode distance 120 μm, 0.5 to 2 MHz). Due to the dielectrophoretic effect the cells align parallel to the field lines under the formation of pearl chains. At high voltages (10 V amplitude) membrane fusion is observed between the adhered red blood cells in the pearl chains, whereby the chains become attached to the electrodes. In contrast to the pearl chains observed at voltages of up to 5 V amplitude the resulting fused and uniform aggregates which exhibit no recognisable individual cells under the light microscope, remain stable, even after the alternating electric field has been switched off or after haemolysis in response to osmotic shock. The fused aggregates are highly elastic. If the field strength of the applied alternating electric field is further increased they are stretched in the direction of the opposite electrode. Frequently, bridges are formed between the two electrodes. The uniform bridges remain stable for some time even in the absence of an electric field. The possibility of cell fusion and its initiation by electrical breakdown of the cell membranes are discussed.

scholarly journals Fast water channeling across carbon nanotubes in far infrared terahertz electric fields

Nanoscale ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1886-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Lin Zhang ◽  
Rong-Yao Yang ◽  
Wei-Zhou Jiang ◽  
Zi-Qian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that the water channeling across single-walled carbon nanotubes can greatly be affected by the terahertz electric field through the resonant mechanisms induced by various vortical modes in a broad frequency range.

scholarly journals Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomers Filled with Rod-Like α-MnO2 Nanoparticles: An Interplay of Structure and Electrorheological Performance

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2810
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Agafonov ◽  
Anton S. Kraev ◽  
Anastasia A. Egorova ◽  
Alexander E. Baranchikov ◽  
Sergey A. Kozyukhin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Relaxation Processes ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Filled Elastomers ◽  
Filled Elastomer ◽  
Mno2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Storage And Loss Moduli ◽  
Rheological Effect ◽  
First Time

For the first time, electroactive nanocomposite elastomers based on polydimethylsiloxane and filled with rod-like α-MnO2 nanoparticles have been obtained. The curing of the filled elastomer in an electric field, resulting in the ordering of the α-MnO2 particles, had a significant effect on the degree of polymer crosslinking, as well as on the electrorheological characteristics of the nanocomposites obtained through this process, namely the values of the storage and loss moduli. The dielectric spectra of filled elastomers in the frequency range 25–106 Hz were analysed in terms of interfacial relaxation processes. It has been shown, for the first time, that the application of an electric field leads to a decrease in the value of the Payne effect in composite elastomers. Analysis of the rheological effect in the obtained materials has demonstrated the possibility of designing highly efficient electrorheological elastomers that change their elastic properties by 4.3 times in electric fields of up to 2 kV/mm.

scholarly journals A Molecular Basis of Olfaction: Odorant‑Specific Electric-Field Emission

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank LaBella ◽  
Filipe Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Electric Field Sensor ◽  
Field Environment ◽  
Field Sensor ◽  
Electric Field Profile

The olfactory system is capable of distinguishing individual odorants from among  a virtually unlimited number. Fish, for example, detect changes in the electric field environment induced by prey and other sources.   Floral electric fields exhibit variations in pattern and structure, which can be discriminated by bumblebees.  We have constructed an electric field sensor, which, in the course of focussing on achieving maximum sensitivity and consistency, ultimately resembles features of the insect sensorium. A “fingerprint” 3D plot ( time, frequency range, voltage amplitude), representing the emitted electric field profile, is presented for each of a variety of odorants and other chemicals. The substance-specific electric-field emission and identification is not impeded by containers or barriers or distance.

Tuning the Electric Field Response of MOFs by Rotatable Dipolar Linkers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes P. Dürholt ◽  
Babak Farhadi Jahromi ◽  
Rochus Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Dielectric Behavior ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Dielectric Constants ◽  
Electric Response ◽  
Dipole Strength ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

Recently the possibility of using electric fields as a further stimulus to trigger structural changes in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been investigated. In general, rotatable groups or other types of mechanical motion can be driven by electric fields. In this study we demonstrate how the electric response of MOFs can be tuned by adding rotatable dipolar linkers, generating a material that exhibits paralectric behavior in two dimensions and dielectric behavior in one dimension. The suitability of four different methods to compute the relative permittivity κ by means of molecular dynamics simulations was validated. The dependency of the permittivity on temperature T and dipole strength μ was determined. It was found that the herein investigated systems exhibit a high degree of tunability and substantially larger dielectric constants as expected for MOFs in general. The temperature dependency of κ obeys the Curie-Weiss law. In addition, the influence of dipolar linkers on the electric field induced breathing behavior was investigated. With increasing dipole moment, lower field strength are required to trigger the contraction. These investigations set the stage for an application of such systems as dielectric sensors, order-disorder ferroelectrics or any scenario where movable dipolar fragments respond to external electric fields.

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