scholarly journals Certificate Based Security Mechanisms in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks based on IEC 61850 and IEEE WAVE Standards

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Mullapathi Farooq ◽  
S. M. Suhail Hussain ◽  
Siddavaram Kiran ◽  
Taha Selim Ustun
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Ieee 1609

When equipped with an on-board wireless kit, electric vehicles (EVs) can communicate with nearby entities, e.g., road side units (RSUs), via a vehicle ad-hoc network (VANET). More observability enables smart charging algorithms where charging stations (CSs) are allocated to EVs based on their current state of charge, destination, and urgency to charge. IEEE 1609 WAVE standard regulates VANETs, while IEC 61850 is emerging as the smart grid communication standard. In order to integrate these two domains of energy management, past research has focused on harmonizing these two standards for a full smart city solution. However, this solution requires very sensitive data to be transmitted, such as ownership of EV, owners’ personal details, and driving history. Therefore, data security in these networks is of prime concern and needs to be addressed. In this paper, different security mechanisms defined by the IEEE 1609 WAVE standard are applied for both vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communication. The former relates to EV–RSU, while the latter covers EV–CS communication. The implicit and explicit certificate mechanism processes proposed in IEEE 1609 WAVE for authentication are studied in great detail. Furthermore, a performance evaluation for these mechanisms is presented in terms of total time lapse for authentication, considering both the computational time and communication time delays. These results are very important in understanding the extra latency introduced by security mechanisms. Considering that VANETs may be volatile and may disappear as EVs drive away, overall timing performance becomes vital for operation. Reported results show the magnitude of this impact and compare different security mechanisms. These can be utilized to further develop VANET security approaches based on available time and the required security level.

Distributed Trust Based Authentication Scheme in a Clustered Environment Using Threshold Cryptography for Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sivagurunathan ◽  
V. Mohan ◽  
P. Subathra
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Clustering Algorithms ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Prime Concern ◽  
Moving Pattern

A Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network, or VANET, is a form of Mobile Ad-Hoc Network to provide communications among nearby vehicles and between vehicles and nearby fixed equipments. Security has become a prime concern in providing communication between these vehicles. Unlike wired networks, the characteristics of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) pose a number of non-trivial challenges to security design. In this paper, the authors present a threshold security mechanism with a mobility based Clustering for Open Inter Vehicle Communication Networks (COIN). Nodes that have a similar moving pattern are grouped into a cluster, and unlike other clustering algorithms, it takes the moving pattern of the vehicles into consideration with the driver’s intention. The stability of clusters is estimated based on relative mobility of cluster members. A threshold cryptographic scheme is employed on top of the clusters to protect routing information and data traffic. To ensure distributed trust in the clustered environment, the private key (k) is divided into n pieces in such a way that k is easily reconstructable from any p number of pieces.

scholarly journals Efficient VANET safety message delivery and authenticity with privacy preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e519
Author(s):  
Taha M. Mohamed ◽  
Islam Z. Ahmed ◽  
Rowayda A. Sadek
Keyword(s):  
Privacy Preservation ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Intelligent Transportation System ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Safety Message ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Registration Phase

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) play an essential role in the development of the intelligent transportation system (ITS). VANET supports many types of applications that have strict time constraints. The communication and computational overheads are minimal for these computations and there are many security requirements that should be maintained. We propose an efficient message authentication system with a privacy preservation protocol. This protocol reduces the overall communication and computational overheads. The proposed protocol consists of three main phases: the group registration phase, send/receive messages phase, and the leave/join phase. For cryptography algorithms, we combined symmetric and asymmetric key algorithms. The symmetric key was generated and exchanged without using the Diffie–Hellman (DH) protocol. Furthermore, we used an efficient version of the RSA algorithm called CRT-RSA. The experimental results showed that the computational overhead in the registration phase was significantly reduced by 91.7%. The computational overhead for sending and receiving the non-safety message phase was reduced by 41.2% compared to other existed protocols. Moreover, our results showed that the time required to broadcast a safety and non-safety group message was below 100 ms and 150 ms, respectively. The average computational time of sending and receiving a one-to-one message was also calculated. The proposed protocol was also evaluated with respect to performance and security and was shown to be invulnerable to many security attacks.

scholarly journals Noninteractive, Anonymously Authenticated, and Traceable Message Transmission for VANETs

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Maged Hamada Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Court Order ◽  
Legal Reason ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Hit And Run ◽  
Hoc Networks

Unlike sensor and other ad-hoc wireless networks, vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are characterized by its high mobility which allows a very short communication interval among onboard units (OBUs) and between an OBU and road-side units (RSUs). This major characterization motivates the design of communication protocols that are noninteractive or at least require a very limited number of rounds between units. The challenging issue is that such protocols must satisfy a number of security services that could be complex by their nature. In secure VANETs protocols, anonymity and traceability are two important services, yet, achieving a satisfactory security level for both of them—with acceptable complexity—is not an easy task due to the contradicting requirements: anonymous transmission must not be traceable by any individual while if a transmission is traceable, then anonymity is threatened. Existing secure VANETs protocols for anonymous and traceable transmissions either, provide unconditional anonymity where traceability and revocation are impossible, or grant trust to a thirdparty not to reveal the identity of a unit unless there is a legal reason. In this paper, we propose the first secure VANET protocol that allows authenticated transmission among OBUs and RSUs and at the same time enjoys the following properties. (i) The transmission among OBUs and RSUs is noninteractive (i.e., a one-move transmission without any interactive setup requirements). (ii) The authenticated transmission between any pair of units is anonymous (i.e., no single authority knows any information about the identity of the communicating OBU). (iii) In serious road crimes (e.g., hit-and-run, road rage, etc.) and under court order, an OBU could be traced to its clear identity. We also show how our protocol could be used to setup a confidential session between any pair of units without relying on extensive number of interactive rounds.

scholarly journals When Data Fly: An Open Data Trading System in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Markus Lücking ◽  
Felix Kretzer ◽  
Niclas Kannengießer ◽  
Michael Beigl ◽  
Ali Sunyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
System Design ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Communication Time ◽  
Hoc Networks

Communication between vehicles and their environment (i.e., vehicle-to-everything or V2X communication) in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) has become of particular importance for smart cities. However, economic challenges, such as the cost incurred by data sharing (e.g., due to power consumption), hinder the integration of data sharing in open systems into smart city applications, such as dynamic environmental zones. Moving from open data sharing to open data trading can address the economic challenges and incentivize vehicle drivers to share their data. In this context, integrating distributed ledger technology (DLT) into open systems for data trading is promising for reducing the transaction cost of payments in data trading, avoiding dependencies on third parties, and guaranteeing openness. However, because the integration of DLT conflicts with the short available communication time between fast moving objects in VANETs, it remains unclear how open data trading in VANETs using DLT should be designed to be viable. In this work, we present a system design for data trading in VANETs using DLT. We measure the required communication time for data trading between a vehicle and a roadside unit in a real scenario and estimate the associated cost. Our results show that the proposed system design is technically feasible and economically viable.

scholarly journals Biometric Blockchain-based Multifactor Privacy Perserving Authentication Scheme for VANETs

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-107
Author(s):  
Myra Annatasha Umang Dineal Gumis ◽  
Travis Iran Money ◽  
Zetty Elica Affandi ◽  
Siti Najihah Sapuan ◽  
Mastura Tony ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Complexity Analysis ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Authentication Scheme ◽  
Communication Overhead ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Authorized User ◽  
Hoc Networks

To provide the most suitable or compatible scheme to work against various attack toward vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is very challenging. Not only that the high authentication and communication overhead also became a problem for VANETs. Thus, in this paper we use multifactor authentication that could resist various attack toward VANETs. A biometric blockchain-based multifactor privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANETs. This scheme is proposed by using a new robust pseudo-identity multifactor VANET scheme based on Physical Unclonable Functions (PUF) and biometric data of the vehicle’s authorized user. To calculate the computational cost and the authentication overhead, we compare three of our computational cost and authentication overhead below. From the complexity analysis this proposed scheme has a lower authentication overhead and offers better security level and a low computational cost can be achieved. From the perspective of future, we hope that the cost that involve in this scheme still can be reduce as we offer a high security level. Not only that, but we also hope that this scheme can be implemented practically.

Modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol for VANETs

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 8357-8364
Author(s):  
Thompson Stephan ◽  
Ananthnarayan Rajappa ◽  
K.S. Sendhil Kumar ◽  
Shivang Gupta ◽  
Achyut Shankar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Greedy Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) is the most growing research area in wireless communication and has been gaining significant attention over recent years due to its role in designing intelligent transportation systems. Wireless multi-hop forwarding in VANETs is challenging since the data has to be relayed as soon as possible through the intermediate vehicles from the source to destination. This paper proposes a modified fuzzy-based greedy routing protocol (MFGR) which is an enhanced version of fuzzy logic-based greedy routing protocol (FLGR). Our proposed protocol applies fuzzy logic for the selection of the next greedy forwarder to forward the data reliably towards the destination. Five parameters, namely distance, direction, speed, position, and trust have been used to evaluate the node’s stability using fuzzy logic. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MFGR scheme can achieve the best performance in terms of the highest packet delivery ratio (PDR) and minimizes the average number of hops among all protocols.

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