scholarly journals MMIC on-Wafer Test Method Based on Hybrid Balanced and Unbalanced RF Pad Structures

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Yue Bian ◽  
Yifan Gu ◽  
Xu Ding ◽  
Zhiyu Wang ◽  
Jiongjiong Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Reference Plane ◽  
Calibration Error ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Monolithic Integrated Circuit ◽  
Wafer Test

Nowadays, more and more MMICs (Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuit), such as limiters and switches, are designed to have balanced and unbalanced test pad structures to solve the challenging size restrictions and integration requirements for MMICs. Hybrid balanced and unbalanced RF (Radio Frequency) probes are adopted for an on-wafer test of the heteromorphy structures. The thru standard based on single balanced or unbalanced structures cannot meet the impedance matching requirements of the hybrid RF probes at the same time, which leads to a dramatic decreasing of the calibration accuracy and cannot satisfy the requirement of MMIC test. Therefore, in this paper, the calibration error estimating of hybrid RF probes based on traditional SOLR (Short Open Load Reciprocal) calibration method is performed, and an on-wafer test approach of MMIC based on hybrid balanced and unbalanced RF probes is proposed which combines the OSL (Open Short Load) second-order de-embedding technique with vector error correction and the matrix transformation technique. The calibration reference plane can be accurately shifted to the probe tip with this method, which greatly improves the test accuracy, and an automatic test system is built for this method based on the object-oriented C# language.

A New Calibration Method for Piezoelectric Testing System Based on Orthogonal Calibration Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 141 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang ◽  
Yu Han ◽  
Zongjin Ren ◽  
Jun Shao ◽  
Chuancun You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Test System ◽  
Transformation Matrix ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Force Detection ◽  
Force Coordinate ◽  
Method Accuracy

The accuracy of piezoelectric test system has a direct influence on the accuracy of the vector force detection. Piezoelectric sensor parameters are obtained by calibration system calibrated through orthogonal calibration method. Accuracy of the application of field test lacks the corresponding theoretical basis, resulting in test system test accuracy is questioned. In this paper, piezoelectric force test system is used as the research object. In order to verify accuracy of piezoelectric test system through calibration of orthogonal calibration method, a variable angle deflection loading device was designed. An incremental calibration method for thrust test is put forward by applying vector force at different angles. Based on vector force coordinate transformation matrix, a deflection load test and analysis model are established. The vector force coordinates transformation matrix is used to calculate the experimental data obtained from the deviation angle test system, and the deviation of the vector force value is obtained. Finally, the accuracy, effectiveness and rationality of piezoelectric test system through the orthogonal calibration method are verified.

Simple method for characterizing linear multi-port microstrip structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julio A. Lonac ◽  
Ilan Melczarsky ◽  
Rudi P. Paganelli
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Monolithic Integrated Circuit ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Full Characterization ◽  
High Power Amplifier ◽  
S Parameter ◽  
X Band

A simple method for the full characterization of passive n-port microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) structures using standard two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements is presented. Its main advantages are: it does not require to perform measurements from all the ports of the network, no special calibration procedure is needed, the auxiliary terminations required by the procedure can be integrated at the border of the structure under test with minimal area increase, and it can be easily implemented in commercial CAD software. The method was applied to a nine-port microstrip structure corresponding to the output power combiner and impedance matching network of an X-band MMIC high power amplifier (HPA). The full S-parameter matrix was derived from two-port measurements and compared to the circuit–as well as electromagnetic (EM)-based simulations of the structure.

Numerical evaluation of contaminants mixing uniformity in a full-scale test chamber with mixing fan

2020 ◽  
pp. 1420326X2097902
Author(s):  
Hai-Xia Xu ◽  
Yu-Tong Mu ◽  
Yin-Ping Zhang ◽  
Wen-Quan Tao
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Distribution ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Full Scale Test ◽  
Concentration Region ◽  
Airflow Field ◽  
Scale Test

Most existing models and standards for volatile organic compounds emission assume that contaminants are uniform in the testing devices. In this study, a three-dimensional transient numerical model was proposed to simulate the mass transport process based on a full-scale test chamber with a mixing fan, and the airflow field and contaminants concentration distribution were obtained within the chamber under airtight and ventilated conditions. The model was validated by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. The numerical results show that the contaminant source position and the airflow field characteristics have significant impact on the contaminant mixing, and the fan rotation has an important role in accelerating mixing. In the initial mixing stage, the concentration distribution is obviously uneven; as the mixing progresses, it gradually reaches acceptable uniformity except for some sensitive regions, such as high concentration region at the injection point of the contaminants and low concentration region at the air inlet. To ensure test accuracy, the monitor should avoid above sensitive regions; and some special regions are recommended where contaminant concentration uniformity can be reached sooner. The ventilated chamber results indicate that the mixture of contaminants in the chamber is actually better than the results shown by conventional test method.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Preclinical Blood Test for Scrapie in Sheep Using Immunocapillary Electrophoresis

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 720-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Jackman ◽  
David J Everest ◽  
Mary Jo Schmerr ◽  
Mohammed Khawaja ◽  
Pat Keep ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Capillary Electrophoresis ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Test System ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Infected Sheep ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Peptide Sequence ◽  
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies ◽  
Blood Samples

Abstract An analytical method is described for detection of endogenous disease-associated prion protein in the buffy coat fraction from the blood of sheep infected with scrapie. The method has been improved and evaluated for its performance in the preclinical diagnosis of ovine transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The test system uses a protocol for sample preparation that includes extraction and concentration and a test method that uses a liquid-phase competitive immunoassay for prion protein. Antibodies directed to a peptide sequence at the C-terminus of the prion protein (PrP) and a fluorescein-labeled peptide conjugate are used in the assay. Free zone capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence for detection is used to separate the antibody-bound fluorescently labeled peptide and free labeled peptide. In this assay, the PrP competes with the fluorescently labeled peptide for limited antibody binding sites, which results in a reduction of the peak representing the immunocomplex of the antibody bound to the fluorescently labeled peptide. When blood samples from scrapie-infected sheep aged 712 months and of the scrapie-susceptible PrP genotypes VRQ/VRQ and VRQ/ARQ were analyzed, the abnormal PrP was found in blood samples. These results correlated with the post-mortem diagnosis of scrapie. The sheep were preclinical and appeared normal at the time of testing but later died with clinical disease approximately 12 months after testing. In older animals, and those with clinical signs, a smaller percentage of animals tested positive. This study has demonstrated that this technology can be used as a sensitive, rapid preclinical test to detect the disease-associated PrP in the blood of scrapie-infected sheep. Improvements in the extraction protocol and capillary electrophoresis conditions will enhance the robustness of this test.

A Transient Single Cylinder Test System for Engine Research and Control Development

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Lahti ◽  
Matthew W. Snyder ◽  
John J. Moskwa
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Test Configuration ◽  
Single Cylinder ◽  
Cylinder Test ◽  
Single Cylinder Engine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reduce Development Time ◽  
High Bandwidth

A transient test system was developed for a single cylinder research engine that greatly improves test accuracy by allowing the single cylinder to operate as though it were part of a multi-cylinder engine. The system contains two unique test components: a high bandwidth transient hydrostatic dynamometer, and an intake airflow simulator. The high bandwidth dynamometer is used to produce a speed trajectory for the single cylinder engine that is equivalent to that produced by a multi-cylinder engine. The dynamometer has high torque capacity and low inertia allowing it to simulate the speed ripple of a multi-cylinder engine while the single cylinder engine is firing. Hardware in loop models of the drivetrain and other components can be used to test the engine as though it were part of a complete vehicle, allowing standardized emissions tests to be run. The intake airflow simulator is a specialized intake manifold that uses solenoid air valves and a vacuum pump to draw air from the manifold plenum in a manner that simulates flow to other engine cylinders, which are not present in the single cylinder test configuration. By regulating this flow from the intake manifold, the pressure in the manifold and the flow through the induction system are nearly identical to that of the multi-cylinder application. The intake airflow simulator allows the intake runner wave dynamics to be more representative of the intended multi-cylinder application because the appropriate pressure trajectory is maintained in the intake manifold plenum throughout the engine cycle. The system is ideally suited for engine control development because an actual engine cylinder is used along with a test system capable of generating a wide range of transient test conditions. The ability to perform transient tests with a single cylinder engine may open up new areas of research exploring combustion and flow under transient conditions. The system can also be used for testing the engine under conditions such as cylinder deactivation, fuel cut-off, and engine restart. The improved rotational dynamics and improved intake manifold dynamics of the test system allow the single cylinder engine to be used for control development and emissions testing early in the engine development process. This can reduce development time and cost because it allows hardware problems to be identified before building more expensive multi-cylinder engines.

Design of an Intelligent Multi-Gyro Measurement Device

2005 ◽  
Vol 295-296 ◽  
pp. 589-594
Author(s):  
J.P. Wang ◽  
W. Zhou ◽  
W.F. Tian ◽  
Z.H. Jin
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Test System ◽  
Measurement Device ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Hardware Description ◽  
Thermal Resistors ◽  
Inertial Unit

This paper describes the design of an intelligent multi-gyro measurement device to measure and monitor an inertial unit composed of three dynamically tuned gyros (DTGs). A 16-bit microprogrammed control unit is programmed to fulfill the functions of signal processing, logic control and serial communication with a master computer. An FPGA, designed by using Verilog Hardware Description Language, is used to realize high speed 16-bit reversible counters for output pulses of the DTG digital dynamic balance circuits. The count values represent the angular motion of the inertial unit. A stepping electric bridge is employed to measure the resistance of thermal resistors within the gyros in a wide temperature environment. The resistance represents the working temperature of the gyros. An effective calibration method for the bridge is developed to eliminate the resistance measurement error. A test system is established to examine whether the device meets the user requirements. Results of the tests show that the device has a good performance. A trial use has proved that the device is stable and reliable and that it satisfies the demand of the user.

The Research of IC Test Based on LTX-77 Test System

2014 ◽  
Vol 496-500 ◽  
pp. 1176-1179
Author(s):  
Li Tan ◽  
Yu Fang
Keyword(s):  
Test Object ◽  
Test System ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Analog Ic ◽  
Test Platform ◽  
Logic Functions ◽  
Actual Test ◽  
Ic Test

LTX-77 test system is a large IC test system that is used for various kinds of analog IC, digital IC and analog digital mixed IC. It can be used to test DC parameters, AC parameters and logic functions. In the paper, the IC test platform is LTX-77 test system. IC ADC0804 was tested as the test object. The test method of IC is described in the view of actual test. The test results show that the test system is convenient and accurate, which has important practical value for IC manufacturers and users.

Design on Hierarchical Testing System for Unmanned Ground Vehicles

2011 ◽  
Vol 346 ◽  
pp. 817-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Guang Ming Xiong ◽  
Yang Sun ◽  
Shao Bin Wu ◽  
Jian Wei Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Test System ◽  
Unmanned Vehicles ◽  
Intelligent Vehicles ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Unmanned Ground Vehicles ◽  
Ground Vehicles ◽  
Test Environment ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Comprehensive Test

The test system for technical abilities of unmanned vehicles is gradually developed from the single test to comprehensive test. The pre-established test and evaluation system can promote the development of unmanned ground vehicles. The 2009 Future Challenge: Intelligent Vehicles and Beyond (FC’09) pushed China's unmanned vehicles out of laboratories. This paper proposed to design a more scientific and comprehensive test system for future competitions to better guide and regulate the development of China's unmanned vehicles. According to the design idea of stage by stage and level by level, the hierarchical test content from simple to advanced, from local to overall is designed. Then the hierarchic test environment is established according to the levels of test content. The test method based on multi-platform and multi-sensor is put forward to ensure the accuracy of test results. The testing criterion framework is set up to regulate future unmanned vehicle contests and to assess the unmanned vehicles scientifically and accurately.

Plant Constituents Interfering with Human Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin. Evaluation of a Test Method and Its Application to Urtica dioica Root Extracts

1995 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 98-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dietmar Ganßer ◽  
Gerhard Spiteller
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Hormone Binding ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Plant Constituents ◽  
Octadecenoic Acids

Abstract A test system is described, which allows the search for compounds interfering with human sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) even in complex plant extracts. The method has been evaluated and applied to Urtica dioica root extracts. The lignan secoisolariciresinol (5) as well as a mixture of isomeric (11 E)-9,10,13-trihydroxy-11-octadecenoic and (10 E)-9 ,12,13-trihydroxy-10-octadecenoic acids (3 and 4, resp.) were demonstrated to reduce binding activity of human SHBG. Methylation of the mixture of 3 and 4 increased its activity about 10-fold.

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