scholarly journals Active Buildings Based on Passivhaus Standard to Reduce the Energy Deficit of Regional Electric Network: Proposal Analysis

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2361
Author(s):  
Josué Aarón López-Leyva ◽  
Carolina Barrera-Silva ◽  
Luisa Fernanda Sarmiento-Leyva ◽  
María Fernanda González-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Net Generation ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Heating And Cooling

This manuscript presents the analysis of a real distributed generation network considering the integration of Active Buildings that meet the Passivhaus standard criteria at the Premium level, as a base case model. The novelty aspect presented in this paper is the interconnection of Active Buildings based on the Passivhaus standard at the Premium level with the National Electricity System (particularly, in Mexico’s North Baja California region) to mitigate the energy deficit. The objective of the proposal grid is to reduce the energy deficit (≈600 MW) due to the high energy demand in the region and the reduced energy generation through conventional and renewable energy sources. In a particular way, the energy rehabilitation of some buildings was analyzed with the aim of reducing the energy demand of each one and then adding energy generation through renewable sources. As a result, all Passivhaus standard criteria (i.e., heating and cooling demands, heating and cooling loads, among others) were met. Regarding the Active Buildings performance in each distributed generation circuit, an overall installed power capacity of ≈2.3 MW was obtained, which corresponds to ≈19.1% of the maximum capacity, and ≈34.30% of the recommended integration capacity. In addition, adequate results were obtained related to the import and export of energy between distributed generation circuits, i.e., the energy exchange is up to ≈106.8 kW, intending to reduce the energy contribution of the utility electrical network. Finally, the analysis of the Active Buildings showed an increase in the net generation forecast, up to ≈2.25 MW.

Modelling of an Optimized Microgrid Model by Integrating DG Distributed Generation Sources to IEEE 13 Bus System

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Bisma Imtiaz ◽  
Imran Zafar ◽  
Cui Yuanhui
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Power Quality Improvement

Due to the rapid increase in energy demand with depleting conventional sources, the world’s interest is moving towards renewable energy sources. Microgrid provides easy and reliable integration of distributed generation (DG) units based on renewable energy sources to the grid. The DG’s are usually integrated to microgrid through inverters. For a reliable operation of microgrid, it must have to operate in grid connected as well as isolated mode. Due to sudden mode change, performance of the DG inverter system will be compromised. Design and simulation of an optimized microgrid model in MATLAB/Simulink is presented in this work. The goal of the designed model is to integrate the inverter-interfaced DG’s to the microgrid in an efficient manner. The IEEE 13 bus test feeder has been converted to a microgrid by integration of DG’s including diesel engine generator, photovoltaic (PV) block and battery. The main feature of the designed MG model is its optimization in both operated modes to ensure the high reliability. For reliable interconnection of designed MG model to the power grid, a control scheme for DG inverter system based on PI controllers and DQ-PLL (phase-locked loop) has been designed. This designed scheme provides constant voltage in isolated mode and constant currents in grid connected mode. For power quality improvement, the regulation of harmonic current insertion has been performed using LCL filter. The performance of the designed MG model has been evaluated from the simulation results in MATLAB/ Simulink.

scholarly journals Analysis of Energy System in Norway with Focus on Energy Consumption Prediction

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hamlehdar ◽  
Alireza Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Regression Result ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
The Status

Abstract Today, the fossil fuels have dominant share of energy supply in order to respond to the high energy demand in the world. Norway is one of the countries with rich sources of fossil fuels and renewable energy sources. The current work is to investigate on the status of energy demand in Norway. First, energy and electricity consumption in various sectors, including industrial, residential are calculated. Then, energy demand in Norway is forecasted by using available tools. After that, the relationship between energy consumption in Norway with Basic economics parameters such as GDP, population and industry growth rate has determined by using linear regression model. Finally, the regression result shows a low correlation between variables.

Decision support for evaluating energy demand in vinification processes using fuzzy sets theory

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Musee ◽  
L Lorenzen ◽  
C Aldrich
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Wine Industry ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Industrial Growth

The current trend associated with high energy demand, depletion of energy reserves and low potential of renewable energy sources linked with strong industrial growth, is increasingly becoming unsustainable. As a result, production costs have increased considerably in the process industries, mainly owing to skewed energy demand and supply realities. A feasible strategy for meeting these challenges is to reduce energy consumption per unit throughput. However, to obtain a workable solution, decision makers may have to deal with energy management variables that are ambiguous, which makes solving the energy minimization problem with conventional numerical approaches very difficult. In this paper, we consider an alternative approach based on fuzzy logic to qualitatively evaluate the energy demand associated with an industrial cooling process. The model was formulated based on Mamdani fuzzy logic inferencing and implemented in MATLAB 6.5 via the Fuzzy Logic toolbox. The energy demands pertaining to specific variables were independently estimated, followed by an estimate of the overall energy consumption. The procedure is demonstrated via a case study of cooling at the maceration stage of a vinification process in the wine industry.

scholarly journals ENERGY DEMAND REDUCTION TO ENSURE THERMAL COMFORT IN BUILDINGS USING ALUMINIUM FOAM

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Jerz ◽  
František Simančík ◽  
Jaroslav Kováčik ◽  
Peter Oslanec Sr.
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Aluminium Foam ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Building Roof ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Demand Reduction ◽  
Progressive Technology

The high energy efficiency of buildings can be achieved if energy needs are almost entirely covered by the supply of renewable energy sources obtained directly on the building or in its immediate vicinity. The technology providing efficient storage of the heat at a time of excessive sunlight is necessary if a returns of investment for the construction of small houses with zero energy balance should be less than 10 years. The regular alternation of day and night cycle resulting in continuously changing amount of sunshine falling on the building roof causes even though a small but very well usable potential. The concept presented in this contribution is based on the storage of energy obtained through the aluminium foam roof and facade cladding, which are capable of absorbing the desired, or even take away the excess energy to the surroundings if necessary. The energy effectively generated by this way is by means of piping system distributed by heating liquid medium/coolant to interior ceiling heat exchangers made of aluminium foam enabling due to filling by <span style="text-decoration: underline;">P</span>hase <span style="text-decoration: underline;">C</span>hange <span style="text-decoration: underline;">M</span>aterial<span style="text-decoration: underline;">s</span> (PCMs) to store the energy required for heating/cooling for a period of at least several hours. This progressive technology, therefore, contributes significantly to reducing of energy demand and thus also the prices of future not only large buildings but also small family houses that are able to achieve the optimal thermal comfort by extremely low costs. Possibility to manufacture facade, as well as the interior panels of aluminium foam, is a good prerequisite for ensuring that these structural components could be in the nearest future made from fully recyclable aluminium alloys. This fact indicates large potential chance for long-term sustainable further development of above-mentioned advanced technologies.

scholarly journals ПРОБЛЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ В СИСТЕМАХ SMART GRID УНІВЕРСИТЕТСЬКОГО ХАБА ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ

2022 ◽  
pp. 58-66
Author(s):  
Оlena M. Nifatova ◽  
Valeriia G. Scherbak ◽  
Oleksii Yu. Volianyk ◽  
Mykhailo O. Verhun
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Power Balance ◽  
The University ◽  
Grid Management

The article attempts to tackle the issues of enhancing the performance of university energy efficiency management systems. An emphasis is put that in modern realia, alternative and renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important in the electric power sector, thus contributing to environmental protection and enabling active electricity consumers to have their own sources of energy generation. However, it is observed that the relationships between energy generation sources and electricity consumers are complicated by new demands for setting balancing modes due to certain volatility of energy generation by alternative sources as well as the need to connect additional energy storage facilities. To identify opportunities of using Smart Grid technologies to manage the University energy consumption, a power balance equation was used to determine an active power balance between generated power, generation sources and power consumed by electricity consumers. In addition, the indicators of the total active power loss in the electrical network associated with the technological consumption of energy for its transmission was included into this equation. The study presents the results of an in-depth critical analysis on Smart Grid methodology and provides argument for the relevance of using artificial intelligence techniques in Smart Grid management systems of the University energy efficiency hub, along with suggesting a notion of electricity generating consumer in the concept of intelligent networks with two-way flow of energy and information as subsystems of a different nature. It is argued that the developed conceptual model of the electricity generating consumer for multilevel smart grid management systems and their infrastructure within the University energy efficiency hub allows establishing relationships between its structural elements and objects of different character. The findings reveal that the specifics of the developed method in setting priorities and regulatory standards for optimal management by a generating consumer within the University energy efficiency hub is the possibility of its automatic adaptation to changes in the external environment subject to interactions between electricity generating consumers.

scholarly journals Energy Monitoring in a Heating and Cooling System in a Building Based on the Example of the Turówka Hotel

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Borowski ◽  
Piotr Mazur ◽  
Sławosz Kleszcz ◽  
Klaudia Zwolińska
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
And Control

The energy consumption of buildings is very important for both economic and environmental reasons. Newly built buildings are characterized by higher insulation and airtightness of the building envelope, and are additionally equipped with technologies that minimize energy consumption in order to meet legal requirements. In existing buildings, the modernization process should be properly planned, taking into account available technologies and implementation possibilities. Hotel buildings are characterized by a large variability of energy demand, both on a daily and a yearly basis. Monitoring systems, therefore, provide the necessary information needed for proper energy management in the building. This article presents an energy analysis of the Turówka hotel located in Wieliczka (southern Poland). The historical hotel facility is being modernized as part of the project to adapt the building to the requirements of a sustainable building. The modernization proposal includes a trigeneration system with a multifunctional reverse regenerator and control module using neural algorithms. The main purpose is to improve the energy efficiency of the building and adapt it to the requirements of low-energy buildings. The implementation of a monitoring system enables energy consumption to be reduced and improves the energy performance of the building, especially through using energy management systems and control modules. The proposed retrofit solution considers the high energy consumption, structure of the energy demand, and limits of retrofit intervention on façades.

scholarly journals A Robust Electric Spring Model and Modified Backward Forward Solution Method for Microgrids with Distributed Generation

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1326
Author(s):  
Guillermo Tapia-Tinoco ◽  
David Granados-Lieberman ◽  
David A. Rodriguez-Alejandro ◽  
Martin Valtierra-Rodriguez ◽  
Arturo Garcia-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Forward Solution

The electric spring (ES) is a contemporary device that has emerged as a viable alternative for solving problems associated with voltage and power stability in distributed generation-based smart grids (SG). In order to study the integration of ESs into the electrical network, the steady-state simulation models have been developed as an essential tool. Typically, these models require an equivalent electrical circuit of the in-test networks, which implies adding restrictions for its implementation in simulation software. These restrictions generate simplified models, limiting their application to specific scenarios, which, in some cases, do not fully apply to the needs of modern power systems. Therefore, a robust steady-state model for the ES is proposed in this work to adequately represent the power exchange of multiples ESs in radial micro-grids (µGs) and renewable energy sources regardless of their physical location and without the need of additional restrictions. For solving and controlling the model simulation, a modified backward–forward sweep method (MBFSM) is implemented. In contrast, the voltage control determines the operating conditions of the ESs from the steady-state solution and the reference voltages established for each ES. The model and algorithms of the solution and the control are validated with dynamic simulations. For the quasi-stationary case with distributed renewable generation, the results show an improvement higher than 95% when the ESs are installed. On the other hand, the MBFSM reduces the number of iterations by 34% on average compared to the BFSM.

scholarly journals Reduction of air pollution as a basis for a healthy urban environment

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 01042
Author(s):  
Anna Lis
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The World ◽  
Environmental Causes

The WHO report shows that air in the majority of cities in the world is polluted to a large extent. Air pollution is one of the basic environmental causes of premature deaths in the world. The main source of air pollution in cities is the low emission associated with fuel combustion to generate heat for buildings heating, communication and industry. The existing buildings in Poland are characterized by high energy and, consequently, ecological potential. The aim is to estimate predicted energetic and ecological effects of activities that adapt existing residential buildings to the requirements for the thermal protection of buildings in Poland and presenting the possibility of using renewable energy sources. The energy demand for heating buildings at 60-70 kWh/(m2rok) has been adopted. The calculations show that as a result of this adjustment, the energy demand for heating in residential buildings may decrease by an average of around 67% compared to 2011. Such actions will reduce the overall emissions of air pollution from households by reducing the energy requirement for heating apartments from about 30% to about 67%, depending on the type of pollutant.

scholarly journals Optimization of biogas yield from lignocellulosic materials with different pretreatment methods: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kehinde Oladoke Olatunji ◽  
Noor A. Ahmed ◽  
Oyetola Ogunkunle
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Biogas Yield

AbstractPopulation increase and industrialization has resulted in high energy demand and consumptions, and presently, fossil fuels are the major source of staple energy, supplying 80% of the entire consumption. This has contributed immensely to the greenhouse gas emission and leading to global warming, and as a result of this, there is a tremendous urgency to investigate and improve fresh and renewable energy sources worldwide. One of such renewable energy sources is biogas that is generated by anaerobic fermentation that uses different wastes such as agricultural residues, animal manure, and other organic wastes. During anaerobic digestion, hydrolysis of substrates is regarded as the most crucial stage in the process of biogas generation. However, this process is not always efficient because of the domineering stableness of substrates to enzymatic or bacteria assaults, but substrates’ pretreatment before biogas production will enhance biogas production. The principal objective of pretreatments is to ease the accessibility of the enzymes to the lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose which leads to degradation of the substrates. Hence, the use of pretreatment for catalysis of lignocellulose substrates is beneficial for the production of cost-efficient and eco-friendly process. In this review, we discussed different pretreatment technologies of hydrolysis and their restrictions. The review has shown that different pretreatments have varying effects on lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose degradation and biogas yield of different substrate and the choice of pretreatment technique will devolve on the intending final products of the process.

scholarly journals Low Energy Renovation of Social Housing: Recommendations on Monitoring and Renewable Energies Use

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Bianca Seabra ◽  
Pedro F. Pereira ◽  
Helena Corvacho ◽  
Carla Pires ◽  
Nuno M. M. Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Social Housing ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Energy Poverty ◽  
The North ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Passive Strategies

Social housing represents a part of the whole building stock with a high risk of energy poverty, and it should be treated as a priority in renovation strategies, due to its potential for improvement and the need to fight that risk. Renovation actions are currently designed based on patterns that have been shown to be disparate from the reality of social housing. Thereby, a monitoring study is essential for the evaluation of the actual conditions. An in-depth characterization of a social housing neighborhood, located in the North of Portugal, was carried out. Indoor hygrothermal conditions were analyzed through a monitoring campaign. It was possible to identify the differences in indoor conditions of the dwellings and understand the influence of occupancy density and occupants’ behavior. In order to identify the actual occupancy and the type of use, a social survey was performed. A renovation action will soon take place, and a monitoring and survey plan is proposed for the post-renovation period, based on a previous evaluation of the renovation impact, using DesignBuilder software and the real occupancy profiles. In social housing context, since energy consumption for heating and cooling is punctual or non-existent, the focus of low energy renovation should be based on passive strategies that reduce the energy demand. The remaining energy needs should be supplied by renewable energy sources, reducing energy poverty, and enhancing quality of life.

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