scholarly journals Designing a Multiaxial Extensometric Force Platform: A Manufacturing Experience

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 1907
Author(s):  
Jorge Rodolfo Beingolea ◽  
Helder Andrade Rodrigues ◽  
Milagros Zegarra ◽  
Erasmo Sulla-Espinoza ◽  
Romildo Torres-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Biomedical Analysis ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Electronic Technologies

Studies that lead to the development of more accessible and low-cost electronic technologies and devices for biomechanical and biomedical analysis applications are becoming increasingly needed. In this work, the development of a multiaxial extensometric force platform will be addressed, aiming to improve the sensitivity and reduce the costs of existing platforms. Additionally, this platform can be used for analysis and characterization of flight time and postural characterization of volleyball athletes. As a result, a functional and easily produced prototype was created, due to the processes used (final cost of the developed platform—USD$100). The interfaces of visualization and analysis of the device functions were designed in LabView. The purpose of the experiments is to perform flight analysis of athletes, and all functions designed for the platform strength and endurance are focused on that same purpose. The prototype’s functions were evaluated by applying loads from 700 to 1000 N (Newtons) and its future integration with other instruments such as the surface electromyography (EMG) and an electrocardiogram (ECG) is expected to form an instrument kit that improves the characterization of studies of balance, strength and muscular endurance.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Thermoelectric Properties of (Bi0.48Sb1.52)Te3 Thick Films Prepared with Tape Casting Method

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Lichen Liu ◽  
Ziping Cao ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Jun Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thick Films ◽  
Tape Casting ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Casting Method ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Conductive Films ◽  
Casting Technology

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of (Bi0.48Sb1.52)Te3 thick films using a tape casting process on glass substrates. A slurry of thermoelectric (Bi0.48Sb1.52)Te3 was developed and cured thick films were annealed in a vacuum chamber at 500–600 °C. The microstructure of these films was analyzed, and the Seebeck coefficient and electric conductivity were tested. It was found that the subsequent annealing process must be carefully designed to achieve good thermoelectric properties of these samples. Conductive films were obtained after annealing and led to acceptable thermoelectric performance. While the properties of these initial materials are not at the level of bulk materials, this work demonstrates that the low-cost tape casting technology is promising for fabricating thermoelectric modules for energy conversion.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Empirical Characterization of Water as a Factor: Examples and Related Issues with the World Trade Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 459
Author(s):  
Ignacio Cazcarro ◽  
Albert E. Steenge
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Considerable Change ◽  
Water Research ◽  
Trade Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Model ◽  
Selection Of

This article originates from the theoretical and empirical characterization of factors in the World Trade Model (WTM). It first illustrates the usefulness of this type of model for water research to address policy questions related to virtual water trade, water constraints and water scarcity. It also illustrates the importance of certain key decisions regarding the heterogeneity of water and its relation to the technologies being employed and the prices obtained. With regard to WTM, the global economic input–output model in which multiple technologies can produce a “homogeneous output”, it was recently shown that two different mechanisms should be distinguished by which multiple technologies can arise, i.e., from “technology-specific” or from “shared” factors, which implies a mechanism-specific set of prices, quantities and rents. We discuss and extend these characterizations, notably in relation to the real-world characterization of water as a factor (for which we use the terms technology specific, fully shared and “mixed”). We propose that the presence of these separate mechanisms results in the models being sensitive to relatively small variations in specific numerical values. To address this sensitivity, we suggest a specific role for specific (sub)models or key choices to counter unrealistic model outcomes. To support our proposal we present a selection of simulations for aggregated world regions, and show how key results concerning quantities, prices and rents can be subject to considerable change depending on the precise definitions of resource endowments and the technology-specificity of the factors. For instance, depending on the adopted water heterogeneity level, outcomes can vary from relatively low-cost solutions to higher cost ones and can even reach infeasibility. In the main model discussed here (WTM) factor prices are exogenous, which also contributes to the overall numerical sensitivity of the model. All this affects to a large extent our interpretation of the water challenges, which preferably need to be assessed in integrated frameworks, to account for the main socioeconomic variables, technologies and resources.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Theoretical Investigation Using DFT of 2,3-Diphenylquinoxaline Derivatives for Electronic and Photovoltaic Effects

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Zając ◽  
Dariusz Przybylski ◽  
Jadwiga Sołoducho
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Semiconducting Properties ◽  
Homo Lumo

AbstractDeveloping effective and low‐cost organic semiconductors is an opportunity for the development of organic solar cells (OPV). Herein, we report the molecular design, synthesis and characterization of two molecules with D–A–D–A configuration: 2-cyano-3-(5-(8-(3,4-ethylenodioxythiophen-5-yl)-2,3-diphenylquinoxalin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid (6) and 2-cyano-3-(5-(2,3-diphenyl-8-(thiophen-2-yl)quinoxalin-5-yl)thiophen-2-yl)acrylic acid (7). Moreover, we investigated the structural, theoretical and optical properties. The distribution of HOMO/LUMO orbitals and the values of the ionization potential indicate good semiconducting properties of the compounds and that they can be a bipolar material. Also, the optical study show good absorption in visible light (λabs 380–550 nm). We investigate the theoretical optoelectronic properties of obtained compounds as potential materials for solar cells.

Measuring battery discharge characteristics for accurate UAV endurance estimation

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (1277) ◽  
pp. 1099-1113
Author(s):  
L. Mariga ◽  
I. Silva Tiburcio ◽  
C.A. Martins ◽  
A.N. Almeida Prado ◽  
C. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Flight Time ◽  
Time Estimates ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Nonlinear Optimisation ◽  
Time Calculation ◽  
Discharge Profile ◽  
Battery Discharge ◽  
Battery Discharge Characteristics

ABSTRACTThe increasing use of unmanned aerial vehicles in areas such as rescue, mapping, and transportation have made it necessary to study more accurate techniques for calculating flight time estimates. Such calculations require knowing the battery discharge profile. Simplified flight time calculation methods provide data with uncertainties as they are based solely on manufacturer datasheet information. This study presents a setup to measure the battery discharge curve using a LabVIEW interface with a low-cost acquisition system. The acquired data passes through a nonlinear optimisation algorithm to find the battery coefficients, which enables the more precise estimation of its range and endurance. The great advantage of this model is that it makes it possible to predict how the battery will discharge at different rates using just one experimental curve. The methodology was applied to three different batteries and the model was validated with different discharge rates in a controlled environment, which resulted in endurance lower than 3.0% for most conditions and voltage estimation error lower than 3.0% in operational voltage. The work also presented a methodology for estimating cruise time based on the current used during each flight stage.

Removal of Ni(II) from aqueous solution using Moringa oleifera seeds as a bioadsorbent

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 1435-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago L. Marques ◽  
Vanessa N. Alves ◽  
Luciana M. Coelho ◽  
Nívia M. M. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Adsorption Model ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Sorption Data ◽  
Natural Adsorbents ◽  
Ph Range

Metal contaminants are generally removed from effluents by chemical and physical processes which are often associated with disadvantages such as the use of toxic reagents, generation of toxic waste and high costs. Hence, new techniques have been developed, among them the study of natural adsorbents, for instance, the use of Moringa oleifera seeds. The potential of M. oleifera seeds for nickel removal in aqueous systems was investigated. The seeds utilized were obtained from plants grown in Uberlândia/Brazil. After being dried and pulverized, the seeds were treated with 0.1 mol/L NaOH. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analyses were used for the characterization of the material. Using the optimized methodology (50 mL of 4.0 mg/L Ni(II), pH range of 4.0–6.0, agitation time of 5 min and adsorption mass of 2.0 g) more than 90% of Ni(II) could be removed from water samples. The sorption data were fitted satisfactorily by the Langmuir adsorption model. Evaluation applying the Langmuir equation gave the monolayer sorption capacity as 29.6 mg/g. The results indicate that this material could be employed in the extraction of nickel, considering its ease of use, low cost and environmental viability, which make it highly attractive for application in developing countries.

Characterization of Brightness of Electroluminescent Device Using Powder Phosphor Composite with ZnO or TiO2

2008 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 150-153
Author(s):  
Mun Ja Kim ◽  
Sung Min Park ◽  
Tae Young Lee ◽  
Sang Hyun Park ◽  
Jin Young Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Driving Voltage ◽  
Powder Phosphor ◽  
Previous Researcher ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Device Reliability ◽  
Coating Method

For the growth of Electroluminescent (EL) device market, the attention of many researchers is centered on improving the properties such as brightness, power consumption, device reliability, etc. The powder EL device is one of solutions for the easy mass production, the simplification of structure, and low cost. Although the powder process is the solution, that has the problem with the poor brightness than the film process. So, we focused on increasing the brightness of powder EL device. The emissive layer was made up the composites adding metal oxide nanopowder such as TiO2 and ZnO to powder phosphors. As the data of previous researcher, the TiO2 and ZnO had the different dominating traps by photovoltage measure, that is, TiO2 show hole traps, ZnO show electron traps [1]. The brightness of powder EL device proportions to the high electricfield formation. The TiO2 or ZnO in the powder phosphor composite can help the emission that may be advantageous to form high electricfield at low voltage. The EL devices with green ZnS phosphor were fabricated using spin coating method. The effect of TiO2 and ZnO on the luminescent property of EL device was investigated. The brightness was obtained as applied driving voltage at 400 Hz and frequency variation at 50 V.

Preparation and characterization of a spherical gel from a low-cost material

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 931 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Rahman ◽  
J. Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost
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