scholarly journals Influence of Common Source and Word Line Electrodes on Program Operation in SuperFlash Memory

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Ivan Mazzetta ◽  
Fernanda Irrera
Keyword(s):  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Floating Gate ◽  
Capacitive Coupling ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
Electrical Parameters ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Gate Potential ◽  
The Impact

A theoretical study of the influence of word line and common source electrodes on the program operation in shrank SuperFlash memory is proposed. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the literature model defined for previous nodes is not always suitable, due to the continuous cell physical size reduction and to the consequent increment of capacitive coupling between the floating gate and adjacent electrodes. To get a deeper insight, an analytical model of the electric field in the region of source side injection is proposed. This model describes the impact of the cell physical and electrical parameters on the vertical and horizontal field components and highlights the strong dependence of the carrier injection on the technology node. Furthermore, the numerical and analytical models estimate the influence of the word line and common source electrodes on the time-to-program, the floating gate potential and the source side injection efficiency, taking into consideration, at the same time, their possible impact on the cell reliability.

Evaluation of Hydraulic Fracturing Models and Their Limitations to Predict No-Drill Zones for Horizontal Directional Drilling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Delara ◽  
Kendra MacKay
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Horizontal Directional Drilling ◽  
The Impact

Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) has become the preferred method for trenchless pipeline installations. Drilling pressures must be limited and a “no-drill zone” determined to avoid exceeding the strength of surrounding soil and rock. The currently accepted industry method of calculating hydraulic fracturing limiting pressure with application of an arbitrary safety factor contains several assumptions that are often not applicable to specific ground conditions. There is also no standard procedure for safety factor determination, resulting in detrimental impacts on drilling operations. This paper provides an analysis of the standard methods and proposes two alternative analytical models to more accurately determine the hydraulic fracture point and acceptable drilling pressure. These alternative methods provide greater understanding of the interaction between the drilling pressures and the surrounding ground strength properties. This allows for more accurate determination of horizontal directional drilling limitations. A comparison is presented to determine the differences in characteristics and assumptions for each model. The impact of specific soil properties and factors is investigated by means of a sensitivity analysis to determine the most critical soil information for each model.

scholarly journals Impact of the Wind Turbine on the Parameters of the Electricity Supply to an Agricultural Farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7279
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Skibko ◽  
Magdalena Tymińska ◽  
Wacław Romaniuk ◽  
Andrzej Borusiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Voltage Fluctuations ◽  
The Impact

Wind power plants are an increasingly common source of electricity located in rural areas. As a result of the high variability of wind power, and thus the generated power, these sources should be classified as unstable sources. In this paper, the authors attempted to determine the impact of wind turbine operation on the parameters of electricity supplied to farms located near the source. As a result of the conducted field tests, variability courses of the basic parameters describing the supply voltage were obtained. The influence of power plant variability on the values of voltage, frequency, and voltage distortion factor was determined. To estimate the capacity of the transmission lines, the reactive power produced in the power plant and its effect on the value of the power factor were determined. The conducted research and analysis showed that the wind power plant significantly influences voltage fluctuations in its immediate vicinity (the maximum value registered was close to 2%, while the value required by law was 2.5%). Although all the recorded values are within limits specified by the current regulations (e.g., the THD value is four times lower than the required value), wind turbines may cause incorrect operation of loads connected nearby. This applies mainly to cases where consumers sensitive to voltage fluctuations are installed in the direct vicinity of the power plant.

scholarly journals Room Size Influences Flow in Robotic-Assisted Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7984
Author(s):  
Falisha Kanji ◽  
Tara Cohen ◽  
Myrtede Alfred ◽  
Ashley Caron ◽  
Samuel Lawton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Surgical Robots ◽  
Physical Size ◽  
Robotic Assisted ◽  
Surgical Technology ◽  
Room Size ◽  
Robotic Assisted Surgery ◽  
Academic Hospitals ◽  
Environmental Causes ◽  
The Impact

The introduction of surgical technology into existing operating rooms (ORs) can place novel demands on staff and infrastructure. Despite the substantial physical size of the devices in robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), the workspace implications are rarely considered. This study aimed to explore the impact of OR size on the environmental causes of surgical flow disruptions (FDs) occurring during RAS. Fifty-six RAS procedures were observed at two academic hospitals between July 2019 and January 2021 across general, urologic, and gynecologic surgical specialties. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated significant effects of room size in the pre-docking phase (t = 2.170, df = 54, β = 0.017, p = 0.035) where the rate of FDs increased as room size increased, and docking phase (t = −2.488, df = 54, β = −0.017, p = 0.016) where the rate of FDs increased as room size decreased. Significant effects of site (pre-docking phase: p = 0.000 and docking phase: p = 0.000) were also demonstrated. Findings from this study demonstrate hitherto unrecognized spatial challenges involved with introducing surgical robots into the operating domain. While new technology may provide benefits towards patient safety, it is important to consider the needs of the technology prior to integration.

scholarly journals Review of Best Practices for CLABSI Prevention and the Impact of Recent Legislation on CLABSI Reporting

SAGE Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824401667774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Woodward ◽  
Reba Umberger
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Central Line ◽  
Mandatory Reporting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
The Impact

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are a very common source of healthcare-associated infection (HAI). Incidence of CLABSI has been significantly reduced through the efforts of nurses, healthcare providers, and infection preventionists. Extrinsic factors such as recently enacted legislation and mandatory reporting have not been closely examined in relation to changes in rates of HAI. The following review will examine evidence-based practices related to CLABSI and how they are reported, as well as how the Affordable Care Act, mandatory reporting, and pay-for-performance programs have affected these best practices related to CLABSI prevention. There is a disconnect in the methods and guidelines for reporting CLABSI between these programs, specifically among local monitoring agencies and the various federal oversight organizations. Future research will focus on addressing the gap in what defines a CLABSI and whether or not these programs to incentivize hospital to reduce CLABSI rates are effective.

Quantum Dot Gate (QDG) Quantum Dot Channel (QDC) Multistate Logic Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) with High-K Dielectric HfO2 Barriers

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (01n04) ◽  
pp. 2040001
Author(s):  
N. R. Butterfield ◽  
R. Mays ◽  
B. Khan ◽  
R. Gudlavalleti ◽  
F. C. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Memory Cell ◽  
Floating Gate ◽  
Carrier Injection ◽  
High K ◽  
Non Volatile Memory ◽  
Volatile Memory ◽  
High K Dielectric

This paper presents the theory, fabrication and experimental testing results for a multiple state Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), comprised of hafnium oxide high-k dielectric tunnel and gate barriers as well as a Silicon Quantum Dot Superlattice (QDSL) implemented for the floating gate and inversion channel (QDG) and (QDC) respectively. With the conclusion of Moore’s Law for conventional transistor fabrication, regarding the minimum gate size, current efforts in memory cell research and development are focused on bridging the gap between the conventions of the past sixty years and the future of computing. One method of continuing the increasing chip density is to create multistate devices capable of storing and processing additional logic states beyond 1 and 0. Replacing the silicon nitride floating gate of a conventional Flash NVM with QDSL gives rise to minibands that result in greater control over charge levels stored in the QDG and additional intermediate states. Utilizing Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) programming, for the realized device, various magnitudes of gate voltage pulses demonstrated the ability to accurately control the charge levels stored in the QDG. This corresponds to multiple threshold voltage shifts allowing detection of multiple states during read operations.

Wave Impact Loads on the Bottom of Flat Decks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel de Oliveira Costa ◽  
Julia Araújo Perim ◽  
Bruno Guedes Camargo ◽  
Joel Sena Sales Junior ◽  
Antonio Carlos Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Effects ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Model Tests ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Navier Stokes ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Wave Channel ◽  
Waves And Currents ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Slamming events due to wave impact on the underside of decks might lead to severe and potentially harmful local and/or global loads in offshore structures. The strong nonlinearities during the impact require a robust method for accessing the loads and hinder the use of analytical models. The use of computation fluid dynamics (CFD) is an interesting alternative to estimate the impact loads, but validation through experimental data is still essential. The present work focuses on a flat-bottomed model fixed over the mean free surface level submitted to regular incoming waves. The proposal is to reproduce previous studies through CFD and model tests in a different reduced scale to provide extra validation and to identify possible non-potential scale effects such as air compressibility. Numerical simulations are performed in both experiments’ scales. The numerical analysis is performed with a marine dedicated flow solver, FINE™/Marine from NUMECA, which features an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (URANS) solver and a finite volume method to build spatial discretization. The multiphase flow is represented through the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method for incompressible and nonmiscible fluids. The new model tests were performed at the wave channel of the Laboratory of Waves and Currents (LOC/COPPE – UFRJ), at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro.

scholarly journals Use of Alternative Gelling Agents Reveals the Role of Rhamnolipids in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Surface Motility

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Charles D. Morin ◽  
Eric Déziel
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Gellan Gum ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Gelling Agents ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Solid Media ◽  
Surface Motility ◽  
Wetting Agents ◽  
The Impact

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a motile bacterium able to exhibit a social surface behaviour known as swarming motility. Swarming requires the polar flagellum of P. aeruginosa as well as the secretion of wetting agents to ease the spread across the surface. However, our knowledge on swarming is limited to observed phenotypes on agar-solidified media. To study the surface behaviour and the impact of wetting agents of P. aeruginosa on other surfaces, we assessed surface motility capabilities of the prototypical strain PA14 on semi-solid media solidified with alternative gelling agents, gellan gum and carrageenan. We found that, on these alternative surfaces, the characteristic dendritic spreading pattern of P. aeruginosa is drastically altered. One striking feature is the loss of dependence on rhamnolipids to spread effectively on plates solidified with these alternative gelling agents. Indeed, a rhlA-null mutant unable to produce its wetting agents still spreads effectively, albeit in a circular shape on both the gellan gum- and carrageenan-based media. Our data indicate that rhamnolipids do not have such a crucial role in achieving surface colonization of non-agar plates, suggesting a strong dependence on the physical properties of the tested surface. The use of alternative gelling agent provides new means to reveal unknown features of bacterial surface behaviour.

scholarly journals Substitution Rates Under Stabilizing Selection

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-486
Author(s):  
Alan Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulations ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Stabilizing Selection ◽  
Substitution Rates ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Selection For

ABSTRACT Allelic substitutions under stabilizing phenotypic selection on quantitative traits are studied in Monte Carlo simulations of 8 and 16 loci. The results are compared and contrasted to analytical models based on work of M. Kimura for two and "infinite" loci. Selection strengths of S = 4Nes approximately four (which correspond to reasonable strengths of selection for quantitative characters) can retard substitution rates tenfold relative to rates under neutrality. An important finding is a strong dependence of per locus substitution rates on the number of loci.

scholarly journals ‘Issues’ y ‘big data’ en la gestión de relaciones públicas. El caso de la implementación del nuevo sistema de tratamiento de residuos “Recuperando Valor” en Córdoba, Argentina

Tripodos ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 73-87
Author(s):  
Antonio Castillo-Esparcia ◽  
Alejandro Álvarez-Nobell ◽  
María Belén Barroso
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Issues Management ◽  
Redes Sociales ◽  
Political Function ◽  
Toma De Decisiones ◽  
The Impact

El LCM 2016-2017 (Moreno et al., 2017) mostró el déficit en Latinoaméri­ca en el uso de big data para la toma de decisiones basada en issues; una de las grandes transformaciones actuales en relaciones públicas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el impacto de la implementación de estrategias de is­sues management y big data para el nuevo sistema de residuos de Córdoba (Argentina) —“Recuperando Valor”— durante diciembre 2018. Se analizaron más de 10.000 publicaciones en redes sociales mediante un sistema de aler­tas programadas (QSocial) por temas, actores, impactos y frecuencia a través de distintos modelos analíticos: Imagen de Gestión; Sentimientos; Preocupacio­nes Ciudadanas, Género, Humor Social y Valoraciones. Las organizaciones no solo comunican estratégicamente: son comunicación estratégica (Grandien y Johansson, 2016). Ello implica una función de dirección y asesoramiento (Zerfass y Franke, 2013) —o función política (Simões, 2001 inspirado en Matrat, 1971)—, atendiendo la opi­nión pública mediante la gestión de issues (Nothhaft, 2010). En la prácti­ca implica construir, administrar y mo­nitorear en tiempo real el desarrollo e impacto de un conjunto de temas que cobran relevancia en las distintas agen­das y por consecuencia en la producción de contenidos y la gestión de relaciones con los distintos públicos en función de sus intereses. Issues and Big Data in Public Relations Management. The Case of the Implementation of the New Garbage System Called “Recuperando Valor” in Córdoba, ArgentinaThe LCM 2016-2017 (Moreno et al., 2017) showed the deficit in the use of big data for making decisions based on issues in Latin America; this is one of the great transformations that we currently envision in public relations. The objec­tive of this research was to analyze the impact of the implementation of Issues Management and big data strategies for the new garbage system in Córdoba (Ar­gentina) —“Recuperando Valor”— du­ring December 2018. More than 10,000 publications on social networks were analyzed through a system of program­med alerts (QSocial) taking into accou­nt topics, actors, impact and frequency through different analytical models: measurement of Management Ima­ge; Feelings; Citizen Concerns, Gender, Social Humor and Evaluations. Orga­nizations not only communicate strate­gically: they are indeed strategic com­munication (Grandien and Johansson, 2016). This requires a management and advisory function (Zerfass and Franke, 2013) —or political function (Simões, 2001 as inspired by Matrat, 1971)—, considering public opinion through is­sues management (Nothhaft, 2010). In practice it involves building, managing and monitoring in real time the develo­pment and impact of a set of issues that become relevant in the different agendas and, consequently, in the production of contents and the management of rela­tions with the different stakeholders ba­sed on their interests.Palabras clave: issues, big data, rela­ciones públicas, ambiente, residuos en Argentina.Key words: issues; big data, public rela­tions, environment, garbage in Argen­tina.

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