scholarly journals Nanostructure-Based Electrochemical Immunosensors as Diagnostic Tools

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-28
Author(s):  
Rosaceleste Zumpano ◽  
Francesca Polli ◽  
Cristine D’Agostino ◽  
Riccarda Antiochia ◽  
Gabriele Favero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Tumor Markers ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Electrochemical Immunosensors ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Scientific Fields

Electrochemical immunosensors are affinity-based biosensors characterized by several useful features such as specificity, miniaturizability, low cost and simplicity, making them very interesting for many applications in several scientific fields. One of the significant issues in the design of electrochemical immunosensors is to increase the system’s sensitivity. Different strategies have been developed, one of the most common is the use of nanostructured materials as electrode materials, nanocarriers, electroactive or electrocatalytic nanotracers because of their abilities in signal amplification and biocompatibility. In this review, we will consider some of the most used nanostructures employed in the development of electrochemical immunosensors (e.g., metallic nanoparticles, graphene, carbon nanotubes) and many other still uncommon nanomaterials. Furthermore, their diagnostic applications in the last decade will be discussed, referring to two relevant issues of present-day: the detection of tumor markers and viruses.

Growth and Characterization of Cobalt-filled Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by a Simple Catalytic Method

2003 ◽  
Vol 776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xicheng Ma ◽  
Yuanhua Cai ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Ning Lun ◽  
Shulin Wen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalytic Method ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
One Step

AbstractHigh-quality cobalt-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared in situ in the decomposition of benzene over Co/silica-gel nano-scale catalysts. Unlike the previous reports, the catalysts needn't be pre-reduced prior to the forming of Co-filled CNTs, thus the advantage of this method is that Co-filled CNTs can be produced in one step, at a relatively low cost. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation showed that the products contained abundance of CNTs and most of them were filled with metallic nanoparticles or nanorods. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the presence of Co inside the nanotubes. The encapsulated Co was further identified always as high temperature alpha-Co phase with fcc structure, which frequently consists of twinned boundaries and stacking faults. Based on the experimental results, a possible growth mechanism of the Co-filled CNTs was proposed.

The Bioconjugation of Redox Proteins to Novel Electrode Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel C. Goldstein ◽  
Pall Thordarson ◽  
Joshua R. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Electron Transfer ◽  
Mesoporous Materials ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Redox Proteins ◽  
Electrode Surfaces ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Carbon Nanofibre ◽  
Redox Centre

The immobilization of redox proteins on electrode surfaces has been crucial for understanding the fundamentals of electron transfer in biological systems and has led to the development of biosensors and other bioelectronic devices. Novel materials, such as carbon nanotubes, gold and other metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanofibre and mesoporous materials have been widely used in the construction of these bioelectrodes, and have been shown to greatly improve the efficiency of electron transfer between the electrode and the redox centre of the protein. The use of these materials has spawned a diversity of covalent and non-covalent techniques for protein immobilization that offer different advantages and disadvantages to the performance of the bioelectrode. This review covers the important properties of these novel electrode materials relevant to the bioconjugation of proteins, and discusses the various methods of attachment from recent examples in the literature.

scholarly journals Fe azaphthalocyanine unimolecular layers (Fe AzULs) on carbon nanotubes for realizing highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic electrodes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroya Abe ◽  
Yutaro Hirai ◽  
Susumu Ikeda ◽  
Yasutaka Matsuo ◽  
Haruyuki Matsuyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells ◽  
New Class ◽  
Highly Active

Abstract A new class of Pt-free catalysts was designed that included molecular iron phthalocyanine (FePc) derivatives, namely, iron azaphthalocyanine (FeAzPc) unimolecular layers (Fe AzULs) adsorbed on oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes (oxMWCNTs). FeAzPcs were dissolved in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and catalytic electrodes modified with molecularly adsorbed FeAzPcs were successfully prepared. The optimized composition of the catalytic electrodes was determined, and the electrodes exhibited superior activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and better durability than conventional FePc catalytic electrodes and commercial Pt/C due to the electron-withdrawing properties of the pyridinic nitrogen in FeAzPcs. The catalytic electrodes that were molecularly modified with FeAzPcs have higher activities than those composed of FeAzPc crystals and oxMWCNTs. To the best of our knowledge, among all of the conventional catalysts based on modified MWCNTs and oxMWCNTs, this catalyst exhibits the highest activity. Unlike other Pt-free catalytic electrodes, the Fe AzUL catalytic electrodes can be prepared by low-cost processing without pyrolysis and are therefore promising catalytic electrode materials for applications, such as polymer electrolyte fuel cells and metal–air batteries.

A novel label free long non-coding RNA electrochemical biosensor based on green l-cysteine electrodeposition and Au–Rh hollow nanospheres as tags

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (64) ◽  
pp. 51990-51999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Liu ◽  
Guiming Xiang ◽  
Liqun Zhang ◽  
Dongneng Jiang ◽  
Linlin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Electrochemical Biosensor ◽  
Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Ultrasensitive Detection ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Hollow Nanospheres ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

lncRNA biosensor based on single-wall carbon nanotubes wrapped with Au–Rh hollow nanospheres (Au/Rh-HNP@SWCNT) complex signal amplification and an l-Cys Au nano-film provided ultrasensitive detection for the nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1).

Mesoporous Bi2S3 nanorods with graphene-assistance as low-cost counter-electrode materials in dye-sensitized solar cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 14433-14440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng-qi Guo ◽  
Tian-zeng Jing ◽  
Xiao Zhang ◽  
Xiao-bing Yang ◽  
Zhi-hao Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Counter Electrode ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

In this work, we report the synthesis of mesoporous Bi2S3 nanorods under hydrothermal conditions without additives, and investigated their catalytic activities as the CE in DSCs by I–V curves and tested conversion efficiency.

Synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes and graphitic carbon nitride on the enhanced supercapacitor performance of cobalt diselenide-based composites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjie Li ◽  
Xuan Zheng ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Youjun Yu ◽  
Jinlong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Supercapacitor Performance ◽  
Metal Selenides

Recently, transition metal selenides have been investigated extensively as promising electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, the multi-component CoSe2/CNTs@g-C3N4 composites are prepared using a two-step hydrothermal method by incorporating one-dimensional...

Organic electrode materials for non-aqueous, aqueous, and all-solid-state Na-ion batteries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Holguin ◽  
Motahareh Mohammadiroudbari ◽  
Kaiqiang Qin ◽  
Chao Luo
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Organic Electrode ◽  
Li Ion

Na-ion batteries (NIBs) are promising alternatives to Li-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the low cost, abundance, and high sustainability of sodium resources. However, the high performance of inorganic electrode materials...

scholarly journals Diagnostic Capabilities of a Smartphone- Based Low-Cost Microscope

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 522-525
Author(s):  
Dorina Hasselbeck ◽  
Max B. Schäfer ◽  
Kent W. Stewart ◽  
Peter P. Pott
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diagnostic Applications ◽  
Diagnostic Capabilities

AbstractMicroscopy enables fast and effective diagnostics. However, in resource-limited regions microscopy is not accessible to everyone. Smartphone-based low-cost microscopes could be a powerful tool for diagnostic and educational purposes. In this paper, the imaging quality of a smartphone-based microscope with four different optical parameters is presented and a systematic overview of the resulting diagnostic applications is given. With the chosen configuration, aiming for a reasonable trade-off, an average resolution of 1.23 μm and a field of view of 1.12 mm2 was achieved. This enables a wide range of diagnostic applications such as the diagnosis of Malaria and other parasitic diseases.

scholarly journals Contribution of Nanomaterials to the Development of Electrochemical Aptasensors for the Detection of Antimicrobial Residues in Food Products

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Valérie Gaudin
Keyword(s):  
Signal Amplification ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Portable Instrumentation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Antimicrobial Residues

The detection of antimicrobial residues in food products of animal origin is of utmost importance. Indeed antimicrobial residues could be present in animal derived food products because of animal treatments for curative purposes or from illegal use. The usual screening methods to detect antimicrobial residues in food are microbiological, immunological or physico-chemical methods. The development of biosensors to propose sensitive, cheap and quick alternatives to classical methods is constantly increasing. Aptasensors are one of the major trends proposed in the literature, in parallel with the development of immunosensors based on antibodies. The characteristics of electrochemical sensors (i.e., low cost, miniaturization, and portable instrumentation) make them very good candidates to develop screening methods for antimicrobial residues in food products. This review will focus on the recent advances in the development of electrochemical aptasensors for the detection of antimicrobial residues in food products. The contribution of nanomaterials to improve the performance characteristics of electrochemical aptasensors (e.g., Sensitivity, easiness, stability) in the last ten years, as well as signal amplification techniques will be highlighted.

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