scholarly journals Video Summarization Based on Mutual Information and Entropy Sliding Window Method

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
WenLin Li ◽  
DeYu Qi ◽  
ChangJian Zhang ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
JiaJun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Video Summarization ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Speeded Up Robust Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Key Frames

This paper proposes a video summarization algorithm called the Mutual Information and Entropy based adaptive Sliding Window (MIESW) method, which is specifically for the static summary of gesture videos. Considering that gesture videos usually have uncertain transition postures and unclear movement boundaries or inexplicable frames, we propose a three-step method where the first step involves browsing a video, the second step applies the MIESW method to select candidate key frames, and the third step removes most redundant key frames. In detail, the first step is to convert the video into a sequence of frames and adjust the size of the frames. In the second step, a key frame extraction algorithm named MIESW is executed. The inter-frame mutual information value is used as a metric to adaptively adjust the size of the sliding window to group similar content of the video. Then, based on the entropy value of the frame and the average mutual information value of the frame group, the threshold method is applied to optimize the grouping, and the key frames are extracted. In the third step, speeded up robust features (SURF) analysis is performed to eliminate redundant frames in these candidate key frames. The calculation of Precision, Recall, and Fmeasure are optimized from the perspective of practicality and feasibility. Experiments demonstrate that key frames extracted using our method provide high-quality video summaries and basically cover the main content of the gesture video.

scholarly journals The Management of Accountability for Innovation in an Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Abu-Hussain Jamal ◽  
Oleg Tilchin
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Accountability Management

The suggested comprehensive three-step method for management of the employees’ accountability for innovation is aimed at intensification of the innovation activity in an organization. The innovation process is characterized by suitability, feasibility, and applicability of the ideas. It is performed by the phases: finding new ideas, evaluation of ideas, development of ideas including their experimentation and implementation. Change of the innovation process characteristics causes the need of the accountability management. As a result of the management, the accountability characteristics such as a sphere, a level, and a measure of the employees’ accountability for innovation are changed. The method is realized by sequence of the steps: setting accountability, evaluating accountability, and managing accountability. The steps are aligned with the innovative process phases. At the first step, the spheres and the levels of employees’ accountability for generating ideas are set. At the second step, the spheres, levels, and measures of employees’ accountability for development of the ideas are determined. The measure of accountability characterizes accountability of the members of the dynamic and heterogeneous group which is self-formed by employees as a result of the idea assessment. It is set equal to the idea value. The idea value is calculated by summation of assessments of the innovative process characteristics. At the third step, the spheres, levels, and measures of employees’ accountability while development of the ideas are guided. Sharing accountability among the group members is based on their knowledge and skills. The preferable innovation direction and the key idea are revealed.

A FRAMEWORK FOR VIDEO SEGMENTATION USING GLOBAL AND LOCAL FEATURES

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (05) ◽  
pp. 1355007 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUNAID BABER ◽  
NITIN AFZULPURKAR ◽  
SHIN'ICHI SATOH
Keyword(s):  
Video Segmentation ◽  
Video Retrieval ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Video Summarization ◽  
Boundary Detection ◽  
Entropy Analysis ◽  
Speeded Up Robust Features ◽  
Shot Boundary ◽  
Surf Features ◽  
Key Frames

Rapid increase in video databases has forced the industry to have efficient and effective frameworks for video retrieval and indexing. Video segmentation into scenes is widely used for video summarization, partitioning, indexing and retrieval. In this paper, we propose a framework for scene detection mainly based on entropy and Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) features. First, we detect the fade and abrupt boundaries based on frame entropy analysis and SURF features matching. Fade boundaries are smart indication of scenes beginning or ending in many videos and dramas, and are detected by frame entropy analysis. Before abrupt boundary detection, unnecessary frames which are obviously not abrupt boundaries, such as blank screens, high intensity influenced images, sliding credits, are removed. Candidate boundaries are detected to make SURF features efficient for abrupt boundary detection, and SURF features between candidate boundaries and their adjacent frames are used to detect the abrupt boundaries. Second, key frames are extracted from abrupt shots. We evaluate our key frame extraction with other famous algorithms and show the effectiveness of the key frames. Finally, scene boundaries are detected using sliding window of size K over the key frames in temporal order. In experimental evaluation on the TRECVID-2007 shot boundary test set, the algorithm for shot boundary achieves substantial improvements over state-of-the-art methods with the precision of 99% and the recall of 97.8%. Experimental results for video segmentation into scenes are also promising, compared to famous state-of-the-art techniques.

Incomplete discontinuous Markov processes

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Moyal
Keyword(s):  
Markov Processes ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Method Of Solution

Summary The present paper generalizes the results of the author's paper [2] on “Discontinuous Markov processes” to processes that are incompletely specified. These results are then used to develop a step-by-step method of solution for processes involving several kinds of “jumps”, where at the first step one solves for the transition probabilities involving jumps of the first kind, but not of the second, third, etc., at the second step for transition probabilities involving jumps of the first and second, but not the third, fourth, etc. kinds, and so on. Some examples are given.

Incomplete discontinuous Markov processes

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
J. E. Moyal
Keyword(s):  
Markov Processes ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Method Of Solution

SummaryThe present paper generalizes the results of the author's paper [2] on “Discontinuous Markov processes” to processes that are incompletely specified. These results are then used to develop a step-by-step method of solution for processes involving several kinds of “jumps”, where at the first step one solves for the transition probabilities involving jumps of the first kind, but not of the second, third, etc., at the second step for transition probabilities involving jumps of the first and second, but not the third, fourth, etc. kinds, and so on. Some examples are given.

Users behaviors: The Heritage of Digital World

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4675-4682
Author(s):  
Atefeh Danesh Moghadam ◽  
Alireza Alagha
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digital World ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fourth Step ◽  
Communication And Technology

In the advent of information era, not only digital world is going to expand its territories, it is going to penetrate into the traditional notions about the meaning of the words and also valorize new concepts. According to Oxford Dictionary, the word heritage is defined: The history, tradition and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character. In order to present how emerging patterns, as the consequences of technology development, are going to be considered as the new concept of heritage, we follow four steps. In the first step, we present the convergence of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) and a concise history of its convergence. In the second step, we argue how convergence has culminated in emerging patterns and also has made changes in digital world. In the third step, the importance of users behaviors and its mining is surveyed. Finally, in the fourth step; we illustrate User Generated Contents (UGC) as the most prominent users behaviors in digital world.

The Kinney Three Paragraphs (and More) for Accounting Ph.D. Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Empirical Accounting Research

SYNOPSIS This Commentary is intended to help beginning Ph.D. students identify, evaluate, and communicate essential components of proposed empirical accounting research using a three-step process. The first step is a structured top-down approach of writing answers to three related questions—What, Why, How—that emphasize the central role of conceptual thinking in research design, as well as practical relevance. The second step is a predictive validity assessment that anticipates concerns likely to arise in the scholarly review process, and the third is consideration of the likely outcome and potential problems to be encountered if the proposal is implemented as planned. First-hand accounts of Ph.D. student experiences using the three paragraphs and three-step approach are presented, along with an exercise that beginners can use to help themselves identify, analyze, and anticipate problems to improve chances for research success ex ante.

Electrochemical Evaluation for Rust Preventive Properties of Rust Preventive Oils Coated on Fe-Cu-C Sintered Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 2537-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Sunada ◽  
Norio Nunomura ◽  
Sayaka Hirata ◽  
Naoki Nagase
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Sintered Steel ◽  
Corrosive Solution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Sintered Steels ◽  
Electrochemical Evaluation

Since Fe-Cu-C sintered steels are easily rusted, they are coated with rust preventive oils. High viscosity of those rust preventive oils decrease workability, and low viscosity deteriorates rust preventive performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new rust preventive oils with contradictory properties of low viscosity and superior rust prevention. However, precise methodology to evaluate rust prevention ability has not been established. In this study, we developed new technique to quantitatively evaluate rust prevention ability by measuring the open circuit potential through thin corrosive solution on Fe-Cu-C sintered steels coated with a rust preventive oils. As a result, the ability for rust prevention can be measured quantitatively, and it decreases slowly over time, with repeating destruction and restoration. Furthermore, it was found that the deteriorating processes of rust prevention ability for rust prevention oils are composed of three characteristics steps respectively. That is, in the first step the great open circuit potential changes from 0V to-0.3V with repetition were observed where the excellent rust prevention ability was kept, in the second step it decreases slowly from-0.1V to-0.4V with oscillation of the small potential changes where the gradual decrease of rust prevention ability was recognized and in the third step it decreases monotonously in the lower potential than-0.4V where the rust was observed because of the remarkable deteriorating of the rust prevention ability.

scholarly journals Purification of microbial b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis by bioaffinity partitioning

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Estela da Silva ◽  
Telma Teixeira Franco
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Kluyveromyces Fragilis ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Systems ◽  
Phase Systems

This work investigated the partitioning of b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) by bioaffinity. PEG 4000 was chemically activated with thresyl chloride, and the biospecific ligand p-aminophenyl 1-thio-b-D-galactopyranoside (APGP) was attached to the activated PEG 4000. A new two-step method for extraction and purification of the enzyme b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis was developed. In the first step, a system composed of 6% PEG 4000-APGP and 8% dextran 505 was used, where b-galactosidase was strongly partitioned to the top phase (K = 2,330). In the second step, a system formed of 13% PEG-APGP and 9% phosphate salt was used to revert the value of the partition coefficient of b-galactosidase (K = 2 x 10-5) in order to provide the purification and recovery of 39% of the enzyme in the bottom salt-rich phase.

High Accuracy Method for Magnetohydrodynamics System in Elsässer Variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wilson ◽  
Alexander Labovsky ◽  
Catalin Trenchea
Keyword(s):  
Test Problem ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Unconditional Stability ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Order Accuracy ◽  
Unconditionally Stable ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coupling Terms ◽  
Mhd System

AbstractA method has been developed recently by the third author, that allows for decoupling of the evolutionary full magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) system in the Elsässer variables. The method entails the implicit discretization of the subproblem terms and the explicit discretization of coupling terms, and was proven to be unconditionally stable. In this paper we build on that result by introducing a high-order accurate deferred correction method, which also decouples the MHD system. We perform the full numerical analysis of the method, proving the unconditional stability and second order accuracy of the two-step method. We also use a test problem to verify numerically the claimed convergence rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document