Incomplete discontinuous Markov processes

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78
Author(s):  
J. E. Moyal
Keyword(s):  
Markov Processes ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Method Of Solution

SummaryThe present paper generalizes the results of the author's paper [2] on “Discontinuous Markov processes” to processes that are incompletely specified. These results are then used to develop a step-by-step method of solution for processes involving several kinds of “jumps”, where at the first step one solves for the transition probabilities involving jumps of the first kind, but not of the second, third, etc., at the second step for transition probabilities involving jumps of the first and second, but not the third, fourth, etc. kinds, and so on. Some examples are given.

Incomplete discontinuous Markov processes

1965 ◽  
Vol 2 (01) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Moyal
Keyword(s):  
Markov Processes ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Method Of Solution

Summary The present paper generalizes the results of the author's paper [2] on “Discontinuous Markov processes” to processes that are incompletely specified. These results are then used to develop a step-by-step method of solution for processes involving several kinds of “jumps”, where at the first step one solves for the transition probabilities involving jumps of the first kind, but not of the second, third, etc., at the second step for transition probabilities involving jumps of the first and second, but not the third, fourth, etc. kinds, and so on. Some examples are given.

scholarly journals The Management of Accountability for Innovation in an Organization

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Abu-Hussain Jamal ◽  
Oleg Tilchin
Keyword(s):  
Innovation Process ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Accountability Management

The suggested comprehensive three-step method for management of the employees’ accountability for innovation is aimed at intensification of the innovation activity in an organization. The innovation process is characterized by suitability, feasibility, and applicability of the ideas. It is performed by the phases: finding new ideas, evaluation of ideas, development of ideas including their experimentation and implementation. Change of the innovation process characteristics causes the need of the accountability management. As a result of the management, the accountability characteristics such as a sphere, a level, and a measure of the employees’ accountability for innovation are changed. The method is realized by sequence of the steps: setting accountability, evaluating accountability, and managing accountability. The steps are aligned with the innovative process phases. At the first step, the spheres and the levels of employees’ accountability for generating ideas are set. At the second step, the spheres, levels, and measures of employees’ accountability for development of the ideas are determined. The measure of accountability characterizes accountability of the members of the dynamic and heterogeneous group which is self-formed by employees as a result of the idea assessment. It is set equal to the idea value. The idea value is calculated by summation of assessments of the innovative process characteristics. At the third step, the spheres, levels, and measures of employees’ accountability while development of the ideas are guided. Sharing accountability among the group members is based on their knowledge and skills. The preferable innovation direction and the key idea are revealed.

scholarly journals Video Summarization Based on Mutual Information and Entropy Sliding Window Method

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1285
Author(s):  
WenLin Li ◽  
DeYu Qi ◽  
ChangJian Zhang ◽  
Jing Guo ◽  
JiaJun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
Video Summarization ◽  
Sliding Window ◽  
Information Value ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Speeded Up Robust Features ◽  
The Third ◽  
Window Method ◽  
Key Frames

This paper proposes a video summarization algorithm called the Mutual Information and Entropy based adaptive Sliding Window (MIESW) method, which is specifically for the static summary of gesture videos. Considering that gesture videos usually have uncertain transition postures and unclear movement boundaries or inexplicable frames, we propose a three-step method where the first step involves browsing a video, the second step applies the MIESW method to select candidate key frames, and the third step removes most redundant key frames. In detail, the first step is to convert the video into a sequence of frames and adjust the size of the frames. In the second step, a key frame extraction algorithm named MIESW is executed. The inter-frame mutual information value is used as a metric to adaptively adjust the size of the sliding window to group similar content of the video. Then, based on the entropy value of the frame and the average mutual information value of the frame group, the threshold method is applied to optimize the grouping, and the key frames are extracted. In the third step, speeded up robust features (SURF) analysis is performed to eliminate redundant frames in these candidate key frames. The calculation of Precision, Recall, and Fmeasure are optimized from the perspective of practicality and feasibility. Experiments demonstrate that key frames extracted using our method provide high-quality video summaries and basically cover the main content of the gesture video.

Users behaviors: The Heritage of Digital World

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 4675-4682
Author(s):  
Atefeh Danesh Moghadam ◽  
Alireza Alagha
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
The Third ◽  
Digital World ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Emerging Patterns ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fourth Step ◽  
Communication And Technology

In the advent of information era, not only digital world is going to expand its territories, it is going to penetrate into the traditional notions about the meaning of the words and also valorize new concepts. According to Oxford Dictionary, the word heritage is defined: The history, tradition and qualities that a country or society has had for many years and that are considered an important part of its character. In order to present how emerging patterns, as the consequences of technology development, are going to be considered as the new concept of heritage, we follow four steps. In the first step, we present the convergence of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT) and a concise history of its convergence. In the second step, we argue how convergence has culminated in emerging patterns and also has made changes in digital world. In the third step, the importance of users behaviors and its mining is surveyed. Finally, in the fourth step; we illustrate User Generated Contents (UGC) as the most prominent users behaviors in digital world.

The Kinney Three Paragraphs (and More) for Accounting Ph.D. Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Kinney
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Validity Assessment ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Empirical Accounting Research

SYNOPSIS This Commentary is intended to help beginning Ph.D. students identify, evaluate, and communicate essential components of proposed empirical accounting research using a three-step process. The first step is a structured top-down approach of writing answers to three related questions—What, Why, How—that emphasize the central role of conceptual thinking in research design, as well as practical relevance. The second step is a predictive validity assessment that anticipates concerns likely to arise in the scholarly review process, and the third is consideration of the likely outcome and potential problems to be encountered if the proposal is implemented as planned. First-hand accounts of Ph.D. student experiences using the three paragraphs and three-step approach are presented, along with an exercise that beginners can use to help themselves identify, analyze, and anticipate problems to improve chances for research success ex ante.

Electrochemical Evaluation for Rust Preventive Properties of Rust Preventive Oils Coated on Fe-Cu-C Sintered Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 783-786 ◽  
pp. 2537-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Sunada ◽  
Norio Nunomura ◽  
Sayaka Hirata ◽  
Naoki Nagase
Keyword(s):  
Open Circuit Potential ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Sintered Steel ◽  
Corrosive Solution ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Sintered Steels ◽  
Electrochemical Evaluation

Since Fe-Cu-C sintered steels are easily rusted, they are coated with rust preventive oils. High viscosity of those rust preventive oils decrease workability, and low viscosity deteriorates rust preventive performance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new rust preventive oils with contradictory properties of low viscosity and superior rust prevention. However, precise methodology to evaluate rust prevention ability has not been established. In this study, we developed new technique to quantitatively evaluate rust prevention ability by measuring the open circuit potential through thin corrosive solution on Fe-Cu-C sintered steels coated with a rust preventive oils. As a result, the ability for rust prevention can be measured quantitatively, and it decreases slowly over time, with repeating destruction and restoration. Furthermore, it was found that the deteriorating processes of rust prevention ability for rust prevention oils are composed of three characteristics steps respectively. That is, in the first step the great open circuit potential changes from 0V to-0.3V with repetition were observed where the excellent rust prevention ability was kept, in the second step it decreases slowly from-0.1V to-0.4V with oscillation of the small potential changes where the gradual decrease of rust prevention ability was recognized and in the third step it decreases monotonously in the lower potential than-0.4V where the rust was observed because of the remarkable deteriorating of the rust prevention ability.

scholarly journals On transient Markov processes of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type

1998 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 19-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kouji Yamamuro
Keyword(s):  
Markov Processes ◽  
Lévy Processes ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Levy Processes ◽  
Exit Times ◽  
Linear Drift ◽  
Lévy Measures ◽  
Drift Terms

Abstract.For Hunt processes on Rd, strong and weak transience is defined by finiteness and infiniteness, respectively, of the expected last exit times from closed balls. Under some condition, which is satisfied by Lévy processes and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes, this definition is expressed in terms of the transition probabilities. A criterion is given for strong and weak transience of Ornstein-Uhlenbeck type processes on Rd, using their Lévy measures and coefficient matrices of linear drift terms. An example is discussed.

scholarly journals Purification of microbial b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis by bioaffinity partitioning

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Estela da Silva ◽  
Telma Teixeira Franco
Keyword(s):  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Kluyveromyces Fragilis ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Rich Phase ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase Systems ◽  
Phase Systems

This work investigated the partitioning of b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) by bioaffinity. PEG 4000 was chemically activated with thresyl chloride, and the biospecific ligand p-aminophenyl 1-thio-b-D-galactopyranoside (APGP) was attached to the activated PEG 4000. A new two-step method for extraction and purification of the enzyme b-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces fragilis was developed. In the first step, a system composed of 6% PEG 4000-APGP and 8% dextran 505 was used, where b-galactosidase was strongly partitioned to the top phase (K = 2,330). In the second step, a system formed of 13% PEG-APGP and 9% phosphate salt was used to revert the value of the partition coefficient of b-galactosidase (K = 2 x 10-5) in order to provide the purification and recovery of 39% of the enzyme in the bottom salt-rich phase.

High Accuracy Method for Magnetohydrodynamics System in Elsässer Variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Wilson ◽  
Alexander Labovsky ◽  
Catalin Trenchea
Keyword(s):  
Test Problem ◽  
Correction Method ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Unconditional Stability ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Order Accuracy ◽  
Unconditionally Stable ◽  
The Third ◽  
Coupling Terms ◽  
Mhd System

AbstractA method has been developed recently by the third author, that allows for decoupling of the evolutionary full magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) system in the Elsässer variables. The method entails the implicit discretization of the subproblem terms and the explicit discretization of coupling terms, and was proven to be unconditionally stable. In this paper we build on that result by introducing a high-order accurate deferred correction method, which also decouples the MHD system. We perform the full numerical analysis of the method, proving the unconditional stability and second order accuracy of the two-step method. We also use a test problem to verify numerically the claimed convergence rate.

scholarly journals Awareness of disease in dementia: Development of a multidimensional rating scale

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcia Dourado ◽  
Valeska Marinho ◽  
Cláudia Soares ◽  
Eliasz Engelhardt ◽  
Jerson Laks
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Third ◽  
Diagnosis Of Dementia ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Affective Relations

Abstract Objective: To describe the development of the Assessment Scale of Psychosocial Impact of the Diagnosis of Dementia (ASPIDD), a multidimensional scale to evaluate awareness of disease in dementia. Method: The development of this scale was conducted in four steps. In step one, questions were drawn up after a review of the literature. The second step involved the suggestions offered by a neurologist regarding the skills considered important for the scale. The third step involved the re-writing and review of the domains and questions in the scale followed by a semantic evaluation performed by two independent psychiatrists. Step four consisted of the preliminary study aimed at evaluating the applicability of the ASPIDD. Results: In the semantic evaluation only minor changes were proposed. The preliminary sample had 52 patients, comprising 23 CDR 1 (male=9; female=14) and 29 CDR2 (male=13; female=16). Mean age of patients was 69.7±5.51 (CDR1) and 73.6±9.4 (CDR2), and age at onset was 66.4±5.7 years (CDR1) and 68.3±9.3 year (CDR2). Mean schooling was 9.0±4.3 years (CDR1) and 8.8±4.4 years (CDR2). Mean MMSE was 21.0±3.3 (CDR1) and 17.6±3.5 (CDR2). Mean Cornell was 4.8±2.3 (CDR1) and 4.2±1.9 (CDR2). The patient and caregiver dyads were aware of problems, mainly of those related to social, family and affective relations. The higher rates of discrepant responses were found on the awareness of cognitive deficits and changes in ADL. Conclusion: The ASPIDD is a multidimensional instrument to assess awareness of disease among AD patients.

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