scholarly journals Breaking of the Trade-Off Principle between Computational Universality and Efficiency by Asynchronous Updating

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1049
Author(s):  
Yukio-Pegio Gunji ◽  
Daisuke Uragami
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Turing Machine ◽  
Efficient Computation ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Computational Universality ◽  
Bioinspired Computing ◽  
Asynchronous Updating ◽  
The Relationship

Although natural and bioinspired computing has developed significantly, the relationship between the computational universality and efficiency beyond the Turing machine has not been studied in detail. Here, we investigate how asynchronous updating can contribute to the universal and efficient computation in cellular automata (CA). First, we define the computational universality and efficiency in CA and show that there is a trade-off relation between the universality and efficiency in CA implemented in synchronous updating. Second, we introduce asynchronous updating in CA and show that asynchronous updating can break the trade-off found in synchronous updating. Our finding spells out the significance of asynchronous updating or the timing of computation in robust and efficient computation.

scholarly journals Computational Power of Asynchronously Tuned Automata Enhancing the Unfolded Edge of Chaos

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1376
Author(s):  
Yukio-Pegio Gunji ◽  
Daisuke Uragami
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Dissipative Structure ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Critical Property ◽  
Edge Of Chaos ◽  
Computational Universality ◽  
Asynchronous Updating ◽  
The Relationship

Asynchronously tuned elementary cellular automata (AT-ECA) are described with respect to the relationship between active and passive updating, and that spells out the relationship between synchronous and asynchronous updating. Mutual tuning between synchronous and asynchronous updating can be interpreted as the model for dissipative structure, and that can reveal the critical property in the phase transition from order to chaos. Since asynchronous tuning easily makes behavior at the edge of chaos, the property of AT-ECA is called the unfolded edge of chaos. The computational power of AT-ECA is evaluated by the quantitative measure of computational universality and efficiency. It shows that the computational efficiency of AT-ECA is much higher than that of synchronous ECA and asynchronous ECA.

scholarly journals Noni fruit’s water spot appearance on the second day of harvest: a trade-off between resistance and energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tian Wu ◽  
Danyan Hu ◽  
Qingfen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Morinda Citrifolia ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Available Energy ◽  
Climacteric Fruit ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) is a tropical tree that bears climacteric fruit. Previous observations and research have shown that the second day (2 d) after harvest is the most important demarcation point when the fruit has the same appearance as the freshly picked fruit (0 d); however, they are beginning to become water spot appearance. We performed a conjoint analysis of metabolome and transcriptome data for noni fruit of 0 d and 2 d to reveal what happened to the fruit at the molecular level. Genes and metabolites were annotated to KEGG pathways and the co-annotated KEGG pathways were used as a statistical analysis. Results We found 25 pathways that were significantly altered at both metabolic and transcriptional levels, including a total of 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 11 differential metabolites through an integrative analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. The energy metabolism and pathways originating from phenylalanine were disturbed the most. The upregulated resistance metabolites and genes implied the increase of resistance and energy consumption in the postharvest noni fruit. Most genes involved in glycolysis were downregulated, further limiting the available energy. This lack of energy led noni fruit to water spot appearance, a prelude to softening. The metabolites and genes related to the resistance and energy interacted and restricted each other to keep noni fruit seemingly hard within two days after harvest, but actually the softening was already unstoppable. Conclusions This study provides a new insight into the relationship between the metabolites and genes of noni fruit, as well as a foundation for further clarification of the post-ripening mechanism in noni fruit.

Phase Transition in Elementary Cellular Automata with Memory

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (09) ◽  
pp. 1450116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeru Ninagawa ◽  
Andrew Adamatzky ◽  
Ramón Alonso-Sanz
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
State Transition ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Weighted Function ◽  
Transition Functions ◽  
Elementary Cellular Automata ◽  
Computational Universality ◽  
With Memory ◽  
Time Automaton

We study elementary cellular automata with memory. The memory is a weighted function averaged over cell states in a time interval, with a varying factor which determines how strongly a cell's previous states contribute to the cell's present state. We classify selected cell-state transition functions based on Lempel–Ziv compressibility of space-time automaton configurations generated by these functions and the spectral analysis of their transitory behavior. We focus on rules 18, 22, and 54 because they exhibit the most intriguing behavior, including computational universality. We show that a complex behavior is observed near the nonmonotonous transition to null behavior (rules 18 and 54) or during the monotonic transition from chaotic to periodic behavior (rule 22).

scholarly journals Inflation and Unemployment Trade-off: Is Phillips Curve True for African Developing Countries? Evidence from Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Allagabo Omer Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Phillips Curve ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Wage Inflation ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between wage inflation and unemployment (Phillips Curve) is controversial in economic thought, and the controversy is centered around whether there is always a trade-off or not. If this relationship is negative it is called The short-run Fillips Curve. However, in the long run, this relationship may probable not exist. The matter of how inflation and unemployment influence economic growth, is debatably among macroeconomic policymakers. This study examines the behavior of the Phillips Curve in Sudan and its effect on economic growth.

scholarly journals Career concerns versus shared values: An empirical investigation

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom McKenzie ◽  
Alasdair C Rutherford
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Career Concerns ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Employee Recruitment ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Matched Data ◽  
The Relationship

We study the relationship between career concerns and shared values empirically using employee–employer matched data for the United Kingdom and overtime hours as a proxy for hard work. In line with standard career-concerns theory, we find that employees work less overtime the longer they have been with their current employer. We also find that employees who agree strongly with the statement ‘I share many of the values of my organisation’ do roughly 20% more overtime than the rest. Our results suggest the existence of a trade-off between career concerns and shared values. We begin to consider some potential implications of this for employee recruitment as well as for the design of career paths across the private, public and voluntary sectors.

The Mark-up Rates in Turkish Private Manufacturing Industry During Trade Liberalization

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ozlem Onaran ◽  
Nurhan Yenturk
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Striking Result ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

The aim of this study is to shed light on the movements of the mark-up rate for the case of Turkey following trade liberalization. For this purpose, first the relationship between labor and non-labor costs that lies behind the movements of the mark-up rates is analyzed, and second, the effect of trade liberalization on mark-up rates is tested. The trade-off between labor and non-labor costs is analyzed based on a model, which assumes that prices are set by a mark-up over average variable costs. The paper also tests the effect of international trade on the mark-up rate and the effect of the exchange rate via its effect on competitiveness and input costs using the panel data for the sub-sectors of private manufacturing industry. The most striking result of this analysis is the absence of any strong link between foreign trade and mark-up rates.

scholarly journals Friends in war: Sweden between solidarity and self-help, 1939–1945

2020 ◽  
pp. 001083672090438
Author(s):  
Arash Heydarian Pashakhanlou ◽  
Felix Berenskötter
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Self Help ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Winter War ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Second World

This article scrutinizes the assumption that friends support each other in times of war. Picking up the notion that solidarity, or ‘other-help’, is a key feature of friendship between states, the article explores how states behave when a friend is attacked by an overwhelming enemy. It directs attention to the trade-off between solidarity and self-help that governments face in such a situation and makes the novel argument that the decision about whether and how to support the friend is significantly influenced by assessments of the distribution of material capabilities and the relationship the state has with the aggressor. This proposition is supported empirically in an examination of Sweden’s response to its Nordic friends’ need for help during the Second World War – to Finland during the 1939–1940 ‘Winter War’ with the Soviet Union, and to Norway following the invasion of Germany from 1940 to 1945.

The Relationship between Strength and Toughness in Tempered Steel: Trade‐Off or Invariable?

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1801116 ◽  
Author(s):  
He‐Fei Li ◽  
Qi‐Qiang Duan ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Zhe‐Feng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Trade Off ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Tempered Steel ◽  
Strength And Toughness
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