scholarly journals Recognition of a Single Dynamic Gesture with the Segmentation Technique HS-ab and Principle Components Analysis (PCA)

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Alejandra Contreras Alejo ◽  
Francisco Javier Gallegos Funes
Keyword(s):  
Color Space ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Training Images ◽  
Segmentation Technique ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Dynamic Gestures ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Hand Recognition

A continuous path performed by the hand in a period of time is considered for the purpose of gesture recognition. Dynamic gestures recognition is a complex topic since it spans from the conventional method of separating the hand from surrounding environment to searching for the fingers and palm. This paper proposes a strategy of hand recognition using a PC webcam, a segmentation technique (HS-ab which means HSV and CIELab color space), pre-processing of images to reduce noise and a classifier such as Principle Components Analysis (PCA) for the detection and tracking of the hand of the user. The results show that the segmentation technique HS-ab and the method PCA are robust in the execution of the system, although there are various conditions such as illumination, speed and precision of the movements. It is for this reason that a suitable extraction and classification of features allows the location of the gesture. The system was tested with the database of the training images and has a 94.74% accuracy.

scholarly journals Chemometric Analyses for the Characterization of Raw and Stir-Frying Processed Drynariae Rhizoma Based on HPLC Fingerprints

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jing Hu ◽  
Jiali Wang ◽  
Beibei Qin ◽  
Lizhi Wang ◽  
Xia Li
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Chemometric Methods ◽  
Hplc Fingerprint ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Chinese Medicine Theory

The processing of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a necessary practice and usually occurs before most herbs are prescribed. According to Chinese medicine theory, raw (RDR) and stir-frying processed (PDR) Drynariae Rhizoma have different clinical applications. The purpose of this study was to establish HPLC fingerprints coupled with chemometric methods to evaluate the differences between RDR and PDR. Multivariate chemometric methods were applied to analyze the obtained HPLC fingerprints, including hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), principle components analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results indicated that RDR and PDR samples showed a clear classification of the two groups, and seven chemical markers having great contributions to the differentiation were screened out. The findings suggested that 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (5-HMF) with a variable importance in the project (VIP > 1) can be used to differentiate between RDR and PDR. Moreover, 5-HMF, naringin, and neoeriocitrin were determined to evaluate their contents in RDR and PDR. The chemometrics combined with the quantitative analysis based on HPLC fingerprint results indicated that stir-frying processing may change the contents and types of components in Drynariae Rhizoma. These changes are probably responsible for the various pharmacological effects of RDR and PDR.

scholarly journals The Methodical Approach to Integrated Multi-criteria Assessment of Intellectual Capital

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (520) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
O. V. Stepanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Management By Objectives ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
Integral Indicator

The article is aimed at developing scientific-methodological recommendations for the integrated multi-criteria assessment of intellectual capital. Achieving this goal requires solving the following tasks: analysis of the theoretical principles of intellectual capital; analysis of intellectual capital components; analysis of methods for assessment of intellectual capital; development of a multi-criteria model of integrated assessment of intellectual capital on the basis of program-target approach and utility theory. In line with the conception of management by objectives, as well as in accordance with both the systemic and the program-target approaches, the objectives of enterprise are formulated taking into account the growth, renewal and efficient use of intellectual capital. Based on the analysis of available publications, a classification of factors affecting intellectual capital is compiled. Using the structure of intellectual capital and graph theory, the «tree of purposes» of intellectual capital is built, which represents an unoriented, bound graph, the verticals (nodes) of which are purposes, and the ribs (arcs) are the links between them. A system of criteria – indicators that affect the achievement of the objectives is formulated. As a criterion for optimality of achieving the objective, it is proposed to use the multi-criteria utility function. It is noted that in order to assess intellectual capital, it is advisable to use the additive utility function, which makes it possible to compute the integral indicator of intellectual capital. This, in turn, allows to analyze the growth, renewal and efficiency of the intellectual capital of enterprise over a number of years, as well as compare enterprises with each other.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Trajectory Construction and Observation of Group Behavior of Wild Bats During Cave Emergence

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-563
Author(s):  
Emyo Fujioka ◽  
Mika Fukushiro ◽  
Kazusa Ushio ◽  
Kyosuke Kohyama ◽  
Hitoshi Habe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
External Objects ◽  
Behavioral Classification

Echolocating bats perceive the surrounding environment by processing echoes of their ultrasound emissions. Echolocation enables bats to avoid colliding with external objects in complete darkness. In this study, we sought to develop a method for measuring the collective behavior of echolocating bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus) emerging from their roost cave using high-sensitivity stereo-camera recording. First, we developed an experimental system to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) flight trajectories of bats emerging from the roost for nightly foraging. Next, we developed a method to automatically track the 3D flight paths of individual bats so that quantitative estimation of the population in proportion to the behavioral classification could be conducted. Because the classification of behavior and the estimation of population size are ecologically important indices, the method established in this study will enable quantitative investigation of how individual bats efficiently leave the roost while avoiding colliding with each other during group movement and how the group behavior of bats changes according to weather and environmental conditions. Such high-precision detection and tracking will contribute to the elucidation of the algorithm of group behavior control in creatures that move in groups together in three dimensions, such as birds.

scholarly journals Insomnia among Egyptian Samples of University Students and Employees

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Khalek ◽  
Maysa al Nyal ◽  
Hanan Saeed
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Male University Students ◽  
Two Age Groups

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of insomnia, differences between males and females, and between two age groups, and to explore the factorial structure of the Arabic Scale of Insomnia (ASI). Samples of university students (n=500) and employees (n=457) of both sexes were recruited. Female university students obtained the highest mean total score on the ASI, followed by female employees, male university students, and finally male employees. The salient significant differences were between female students and male employees and between male and female employees. Despite the differences in the prevalence rate of insomnia between the four groups, they all agreed on that the least prevalence rate was for the item: “I feel depressed when it is time for me to go to bed, whereas the highest prevalence rate was for the item: “My interrupted sleep annoys me.” Principle components analysis yielded three factors for each group. Most of their names were not identical. The most salient finding of this study was the statistically significant sex differences in insomnia in favor of women. It was concluded that is it important to introduce counseling for those who obtained high scores on the ASI. 

TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON THE ASH COLOUR OF FOREST LITTER / TEMPERATŪROS ĮTAKA MIŠKO PAKLOTĖS PELENŲ SPALVAI

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Jolita Dūdaitė ◽  
Edita Baltrėnaitė ◽  
Paulo Pereira ◽  
Xavier Úbeda
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Temperature Effects ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Informative Feature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Colour Chart

Research was carried out to identify the influence of temperature (150, 250, 350, 450, 550ºC) on the ash colour of Acer platanoides L. leaf litter and Pinus sylvestris L. needle litter samples collected from deciduous coniferous mixed forest in Lithuania (54º43‘ N 25º19‘ E) in April 2010. To achieve the objective, a laboratory experiment was conducted to determine ash samples using the Munsell Colour Chart. The analysis of colours has demonstrated that considering all litter samples, an increase in the temperature of litter heating was found to increase ash colour values (r = 0.92; p = 0.01). All the samples (n = 50) of both litter species were divided into categories 2.5Y (5 samples), 7.5YR (10 samples) and 10YR (35 samples). The total black Munsell colour was observed at a temperature of 350ºC for both litter species. Needle ash started turning bright at a temperature of 550ºC while the complete consumption of leaf litter was visible at a temperature of 450ºC. We conclude that the Munsell Colour Chart used for predicting the colour of ash is an informative feature to have the primary classification of ash. It is imperative to analyse the colour of the litter ash of the selected tree species in order to quickly and easily assess and predict their possible impact on the surrounding environment. Santrauka Tyrimas atliktas siekiant nustatyti temperatūros įtaką (150, 250, 350, 450, 550 ºC) paprastosios pušies spyglių ir paprastojo klevo lapų, surinktų iš lapuočių ir spygliuočių mišraus miško Lietuvoje (54° 43 „N 25° 19 ‚E) 2010-ųjų balandį, pelenų spalvai. Laboratorijoje Munsell spalvų sistema buvo naudojama, norint nustatyti pelenų spalvos reikšmes. Tyrimas parodė, kad didinant degimo temperatūrą visų pelenų spalvų vertės atitinkamai didėjo (r = 0,92, p = 0,01). Pagal spalvų skalę visus mėginius (50) galima suskirstyti į kategorijas: 2.5Y (5 mėginiai), 7.5YR (10 mėginių) ir 10YR (35 mėginiai). Juoda spalva buvo stebima abiejų rūšių pelenuose, kurie buvo deginami 350 ºC temperatūroje. Spyglių pelenai tapo šviesūs esant 550 ºC temperatūrai, o šviesėjantys lapų pelenai pastebėti 450 ºC temperatūroje. Galime teigti, kad Munsell spalvų sistemos naudojimas pelenų spalvai nustatyti yra informatyvus pirminės pelenų klasifikacijos rodiklis.

scholarly journals Probability Density Components Analysis: A New Approach to Treatment and Classification of SAR Images

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 2989-3019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar de Carvalho Júnior ◽  
Luz Maciel ◽  
Ana de Carvalho ◽  
Renato Guimarães ◽  
Cristiano Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Probability Density ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Components Analysis

scholarly journals Background Radiance Estimation for Gas Plume Quantification for Airborne Hyperspectral Thermal Imaging

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Idoughi ◽  
Thomas H. G. Vidal ◽  
Pierre-Yves Foucher ◽  
Marc-André Gagnon ◽  
Xavier Briottet
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Data ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Trace Gas ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Wave Infrared ◽  
Radiance Estimation

Hyperspectral imaging in the long-wave infrared (LWIR) is a mean that is proving its worth in the characterization of gaseous effluent. Indeed the spectral and spatial resolution of acquisition instruments is steadily decreasing, making the gases characterization increasingly easy in the LWIR domain. The majority of literature algorithms exploit the plume contribution to the radiance corresponding to the difference of radiance between the plume-present and plume-absent pixels. Nevertheless, the off-plume radiance is unobservable using a single image. In this paper, we propose a new method to retrieve trace gas concentration from airborne infrared hyperspectral data. More particularly the outlined method improves the existing background radiance estimation approach to deal with heterogeneous scenes corresponding to industrial scenes. It consists in performing a classification of the scene and then applying a principal components analysis based method to estimate the background radiance on each cluster stemming from the classification. In order to determine the contribution of the classification to the background radiance estimation, we compared the two approaches on synthetic data and Telops Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) Imaging Hyper-Cam LW airborne acquisition above ethylene release. We finally show ethylene retrieved concentration map and estimate flow rate of the ethylene release.

scholarly journals Indigenous Land and Sea Management Programs (ILSMPs) Enhance the Wellbeing of Indigenous Australians

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silva Larson ◽  
Natalie Stoeckl ◽  
Diane Jarvis ◽  
Jane Addison ◽  
Daniel Grainger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Principle Components Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Language Schools ◽  
Indigenous Land

Conservation and environmental management have been reported as offering opportunities to substantially improve the wellbeing of Indigenous people. Using the holistic wellbeing impact evaluation (W-IE) approach—well suited for use in Indigenous communities—we interviewed 190 Indigenous Australians across four communities. All communities were involved in the Indigenous land and sea management programs (ILSMPs). Our study explored the conceptualisation of ‘wellbeing’ by participants. In particular, we were interested in the aspects of wellbeing perceived to be affected by ILSMPs. Out of the 26 wellbeing factors explored, ‘Health centres’; ‘Language’; ‘Schools’; and ‘Safe community’ emerged as being of highest importance to the largest percentage of the respondents. When grouped using principle components analysis (PCA), the ‘Community and society’ domain emerged as the most important; accounting for 52% of the overall importance of all wellbeing factors. The second most important domain was the ‘Country and culture’, contributing 31%. Lastly, ‘Economic aspects’ contributed only 17%. Respondents believed that ILSMPs have played a considerable causal role in improving wellbeing, by positively changing factors most important to them. Specifically, 73% of perceived causal links were related to improvements in the ‘Country and Culture’ and 23% to ‘Community and Society’ domain. We thus conclude that land management for Indigenous people is much more than ecological or environmental management with ILSMPs, perceived to cause a wide range of cultural and social benefits. We also propose ways in which the future design of such programs could be improved to further increase benefits.

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