scholarly journals Covariant Relativistic Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics of Multi-Component Systems

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 1034
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Muschik
Keyword(s):  
Momentum Flux ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Component Mixture ◽  
Component Systems ◽  
General Relativistic ◽  
Entropy Flux ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Multi Component System ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Non-equilibrium and equilibrium thermodynamics of an interacting component in a relativistic multi-component system is discussed covariantly by exploiting an entropy identity. The special case of the corresponding free component is considered. Equilibrium conditions and especially the multi-component Killing relation of the 4-temperature are discussed. Two axioms characterize the mixture: additivity of the energy momentum tensors and additivity of the 4-entropies of the components generating those of the mixture. The resulting quantities of a single component and of the mixture as a whole, energy, energy flux, momentum flux, stress tensor, entropy, entropy flux, supply and production are derived. Finally, a general relativistic 2-component mixture is discussed with respect to their gravitation generating energy–momentum tensors.

Entropy flux in non-equilibrium thermodynamics

2004 ◽  
Vol 338 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 445-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Jou ◽  
G. Lebon ◽  
M.S. Mongiovı̀ ◽  
R.A. Peruzza
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Entropy Flux ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Tensorielle chemische Potentiale — eine notwendige Erweiterung der Gibbs'schen Thermodynamik / Tensorial Chemical Potentials — a Necessary Extension of Gibbs' Thermodynamics

1975 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1433-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stuke
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Potential ◽  
Spherically Symmetric ◽  
Relaxation Phenomena ◽  
Pressure Tensor ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Chemical Potentials ◽  
Thermodynamic Pressure ◽  
Fundamental Equations ◽  
Non Equilibrium

In a system with a non spherically symmetric pressure tensor, the chemical potential of at least one substance in the system has to be a tensor of the same character as the pressure. The necessary generalization of Gibbs' fundamental equations of thermodynamics is presented. Being already of consequence for equilibrium, this extension is more important for non-equilibrium thermodynamics, in particular for the proper thermodynamic formulation of general relaxation phenomena. Reasons are given why the distinction between dynamic and thermodynamic pressure, originating from the incomplete formulation of customary thermodynamics, is erroneous. Finally a tensorial temperature is introduced which can exist under extreme non-equilibrium conditions, e.g. shock waves

scholarly journals A time-domain phase diagram of metastable states in a charge ordered quantum material

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Ravnik ◽  
Michele Diego ◽  
Yaroslav Gerasimenko ◽  
Yevhenii Vaskivskyi ◽  
Igor Vaskivskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Metastable States ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Photon Density ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Equilibrium Conditions ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Non Equilibrium

AbstractMetastable self-organized electronic states in quantum materials are of fundamental importance, displaying emergent dynamical properties that may be used in new generations of sensors and memory devices. Such states are typically formed through phase transitions under non-equilibrium conditions and the final state is reached through processes that span a large range of timescales. Conventionally, phase diagrams of materials are thought of as static, without temporal evolution. However, many functional properties of materials arise as a result of complex temporal changes in the material occurring on different timescales. Hitherto, such properties were not considered within the context of a temporally-evolving phase diagram, even though, under non-equilibrium conditions, different phases typically evolve on different timescales. Here, by using time-resolved optical techniques and femtosecond-pulse-excited scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we track the evolution of the metastable states in a material that has been of wide recent interest, the quasi-two-dimensional dichalcogenide 1T-TaS2. We map out its temporal phase diagram using the photon density and temperature as control parameters on timescales ranging from 10−12 to 103 s. The introduction of a time-domain axis in the phase diagram enables us to follow the evolution of metastable emergent states created by different phase transition mechanisms on different timescales, thus enabling comparison with theoretical predictions of the phase diagram, and opening the way to understanding of the complex ordering processes in metastable materials.

scholarly journals Contraction of polymer gels created by the activity of molecular motors

Soft Matter ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (22) ◽  
pp. 4467-4475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Bacca ◽  
Omar A. Saleh ◽  
Robert M. McMeeking
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Molecular Motors ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Non Equilibrium

We propose a theory based on non-equilibrium thermodynamics to describe the mechanical behavior of an active polymer gel created by the inclusion of molecular motors in its solvent.

Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and dissipative fluid theories

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1063-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Banach ◽  
S. Piekarski
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Dissipative Fluid ◽  
Non Equilibrium
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document