scholarly journals The Quality of Blood is not Affected by Drone Transport: An Evidential Study of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Conveyance of Transfusion Material in Japan

Drones ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiatsu Yakushiji ◽  
Koki Yakushiji ◽  
Mikio Murata ◽  
Naoki Hiroi ◽  
Keiji Takeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
Heavy Load ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Control Samples

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or drones, are used in Rwanda for transfusion transport, but they have not yet been used in Japan. This technology holds promise for transporting medical supplies during disasters or to remote places where the terrain makes it difficult to travel by land. One of the difficulties in using UAVs is the temperature-control requirements for red blood cell (RBC) solutions, i.e., 2 °C to 6 °C according to Japanese regulations. This study aimed to describe the effectiveness of UAV-based transport of RBC solution. For testing, we gradually increased the UAV travel distance, monitored the temperature of the RBC solution, and conducted laboratory tests to check the integrity of the blood sample. Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) was used as a hemolytic index to indicate the effect of the UAV flight on the blood samples. The UAV was able to exceed 7 km of travel distance despite the relatively heavy load needed for the RBC solution storage. The LD level was not significantly different between the flight and non-flight (control) samples. However, we were not able to completely maintain a temperature of 2 °C to 6 °C; nonetheless, the deviation was within the safe range.

scholarly journals Active stabilization of unmanned aerial vehicle imaging platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (19-20) ◽  
pp. 1791-1803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohit Verma ◽  
Vicente Lafarga ◽  
Mael Baron ◽  
Christophe Collette
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Active Stabilization ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Active Vibration ◽  
Improved Performance

The advancement in technology has seen a rapid increase in the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for various applications. These unmanned aerial vehicles are often equipped with the imaging platform like a camera. During the unmanned aerial vehicle flight, the camera is subjected to vibrations which hamper the quality of the captured images/videos. The high-frequency vibrations from the unmanned aerial vehicle are transmitted to the camera. Conventionally, passive rubber mounts are used to isolate the camera from the drone vibrations. The passive mounts are able to provide reduction in response near the resonance. However, this comes at the cost of amplification of response at the higher frequency. This article proposes an active vibration isolation system which exhibits improved performance at the higher frequencies than the conventional system. The active isolation system consists of a contact-less voice coil actuator supported by four springs. Experiments are carried out to study the effect of vibrations on the quality of images captured. The characterization of drone vibrations is also carried out by recording the acceleration during different flight modes. The performance of the proposed isolation system is experimentally validated on a real drone camera subjected to the recorded drone acceleration spectrum. The isolation system is found to perform better than the conventional rubber mounts and is able to reduce the vibrations to a factor of one-fourth. It can be effectively used to improve the image acquisition quality of the unmanned aerial vehicles.

Nonlinear cooperative UAV maneuvers in pitch plane

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (9) ◽  
pp. 1746-1755
Author(s):  
Chimpalthradi R Ashokkumar ◽  
George WP York ◽  
Scott F Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Collision Avoidance ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Coordinated Motion ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Constant Altitude ◽  
Centralized Controller

Flight formations of unmanned aerial vehicles may require coordinated motion in pitch for such tasks as terrain tracking. They maintain a constant altitude over varying terrain elevations and may assist collision avoidance where an altitude change is needed rather than a lateral change. In these maneuvers, controller ability to adjust relative altitude positions (as attractions and repulsions) of the aircraft subject to stability constraints that ends up in a formation shape should be demonstrated. The ascent and descent flight control mode combinations of each unmanned aerial vehicle participating in the formation generally offer the attractions and repulsions. In this paper, centralized and decentralized controller abilities to develop a cooperative formation with flight control modes made of transients and steady states are presented by using two and more than two homogenous unmanned aerial vehicles. A challenge in presenting such a formation by using a centralized controller is its design itself. Generally, eigenstructure properties depict flight control mode variations. That is, variations in closed-loop poles offered by a structurally varying centralized controller compatible to its reconfigurable communication patterns are sufficient to capture the flight control mode options. Hence, a procedure to design such a controller using real parameters is presented.

scholarly journals FUZZY C-MEANS ALGORITHM FOR SEGMENTATION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY DATA OBTAINED USING UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE

2015 ◽  
Vol XL-5/W6 ◽  
pp. 113-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Akinin ◽  
N. V. Akinina ◽  
A. Y. Klochkov ◽  
M. B. Nikiforov ◽  
A. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Photography ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Fuzzy C Means ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Fuzzy C Means Algorithm

The report reviewed the algorithm fuzzy c-means, performs image segmentation, give an estimate of the quality of his work on the criterion of Xie-Beni, contain the results of experimental studies of the algorithm in the context of solving the problem of drawing up detailed two-dimensional maps with the use of unmanned aerial vehicles. According to the results of the experiment concluded that the possibility of applying the algorithm in problems of decoding images obtained as a result of aerial photography. The considered algorithm can significantly break the original image into a plurality of segments (clusters) in a relatively short period of time, which is achieved by modification of the original k-means algorithm to work in a fuzzy task.

scholarly journals MODELLING OF THE UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM

Aviation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Mirosław Adamski
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Flight Control System ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

The article is an independent work containing the author’s ingenious research methodology and the model of the control system of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Furthermore a unique and world first mathematical model of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle was developed, as well as a simulation program which enabled to investigate the control system of any Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the tilt duct pitch (altitude), bank (direction), deviation and velocity, depending upon the variable values of the steering coefficient, reinforcement coefficient and the derivative constant. The research program was written in the language of the C++ as the MFC class, on the MS Visual Studio 2010 platform. The main issue resolved in the article is the pioneering research of the process of control during manual and semi-automatic guidance of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, with a jet propulsion system to the coordinates of preset points of the flight route. Modelling of the flight control system takes into account: the logical network of operations of the simulation program, the pilot-operator model, the set motion and control deviations as well as the flight control laws. In addition, modeling of the control system takes into account the drive model, engine dynamics, engine thrust, the model of steering actuators and the model of external loads. In contrast, the external load model takes into account the external forces acting on the unmanned aircraft, including gravitational forces and moments, aerodynamic forces and moments, aerodynamic drag, aerodynamic lateral forces, aerodynamic lift forces, aerodynamic heeling moment, mechanism of local angle of attack from damping torque and forces and moments from the engine.

scholarly journals Design of Robust Systems for Stabilization of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Equipment

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olha Sushchenko ◽  
Andriy Goncharenko
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Structural Synthesis ◽  
Robust Controller ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Moving Base ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Kinematic Transformations ◽  
Robust Systems

The paper deals with the structural synthesis of robust system for stabilization of observation equipment operated on unmanned aerial vehicles. The model of the triaxial stabilization system taking into consideration necessary kinematic transformations is developed. The matrix weighting transfer functions ensuring design of the system with the desired amplitude-frequency characteristics of the system are chosen. The features of the robust structural synthesis for the researched system are considered. The structure and parameters of the robust controller, based on robust structural synthesis including the methods of the mixed sensitivity and loop-shaping, are obtained. The results of the synthesized system simulation are represented. The obtained results allow implementing stabilization of observation equipment in difficult conditions of real operation. This improves the quality of photography, mapping, survey, and so forth and gives advantages of accuracy for images representations of the territory flown. The obtained results are significant for stabilization of equipment operated at a moving base.

Combined active flow and flight control systems design for morphing unmanned aerial vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 233 (14) ◽  
pp. 5393-5402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Öztürk Özdemir Kanat ◽  
Ertuğrul Karatay ◽  
Oğuz Köse ◽  
Tuğrul Oktay
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Active Flow Control ◽  
Autonomous Flight ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Active Flow ◽  
First Time

In this article, combined active flow control system and flight control system design for morphing unmanned aerial vehicles is applied for the first time for autonomous flight performance maximization. For this purpose, longitudinal and lateral dynamics modeling of morphing unmanned aerial vehicle having active flow control manufactured in Erciyes University, Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Model Aircraft Laboratory is considered in order to obtain simulation environments. Our produced morphing unmanned aerial vehicle is called as ZANKA-II, which has a mass of 6.5 kg, range of 30 km, endurance of 0.5 h, and ceiling altitude of 6000 m. von Karman turbulence modeling is used in order to model atmospheric turbulence during flight in both longitudinal and lateral simulation environments. A stochastic optimization method called as simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation is also applied for the first time in order to obtain optimum dimensions of morphing parameters (i.e. extension ratios of wingspan and tail span), optimum positions of blowers, and optimum magnitudes of longitudinal and lateral controllers' gains (i.e. P, I, and D gains) while minimizing cost index capturing terms for both longitudinal and lateral autonomous flight performances and there exist lower and upper constraints on all optimization variables in the literature.

Using a Large 2 Degree of Freedom Tail for Autonomous Aerobatics on a Flapping Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Roberts ◽  
Hugh Bruck ◽  
S. K. Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Flapping Wing ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Orientation Change ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Angular Velocities ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Rotary Wing

Flapping wing unmanned aerial vehicles (FWUAVs) provide an alternative to traditional platforms because they are more maneuverable than fixed wing platforms while being faster, quieter, and more natural looking than rotary wing platforms. While real birds are able to execute complex and highly controlled aerobatic maneuvers, executing FWUAV aerobatics presents unique challenges due to difficulty in execution of controlled quick orientation change. This paper demonstrates a simple method for using a large 2 degree of freedom tail for quick orientation changes and flight control, enabling execution of a pre-programmed backflip maneuver on the Robo Raven V, a hybrid FWUAV. The platform reached angular velocities of up to 420° per second during the maneuver.

scholarly journals The quality of blood dropped from an unmanned aerial vehicle (Drone)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Koki Yakushiji ◽  
Fumiatsu Yakushiji ◽  
Hiroshi Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Objective: To evaluate the risk of deterioration in the quality of blood transported by a fixed-wing drone. Materials and methods: Red blood cell (RBC) solutions were categorized into “travel group” (transported by train or car to test place) and “non-travel” group. The travel group was further subcategorized into “dropped,” and “non-dropped” groups. One bag each from the dropped and non-dropped groups were wrapped in an Absorption Sheet (A-Sheet) and an Under Sheet (U-Sheet). RBC solution of dropped group was dropped onto the ground from an altitude of 10 Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) levels from the samples of RBC solution were measured and the LD ratio (LDR) was calculated as the rate of increase of the LD which can be compared. We compared the differences in LDR between the dropped and non-dropped groups. Results: In the dropped group, there was an increase in LDR before filtration in the blood wrapped in the A-sheet. No increase was noted in the blood wrapped in the U-sheet. LDR levels after filtration were slightly increased in the blood samples wrapped in the U-sheet and clearly increased in blood samples wrapped in the A-Sheet. Conclusion: We considered the possibility of blood getting hemolyzed due to a fall and observed that hemolysis was affected by packing. Thus, since it may be difficult to find good packaging for blood, dropped blood may not be safe for transfusion due to the likelihood of hemolysis. Hence, for practical purposes, using a drone without a fixed-wing may be preferable for transportation of blood.

scholarly journals Robust H∞ Optimal Controller Design for The Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Róbert Szabolcsi
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Flight Control ◽  
Controller Design ◽  
Controller Synthesis ◽  
Optimal Controller ◽  
Flight Control System ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Small Uav ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Abstract This article deals with robust H∞ optimal control of the flight control systems of the small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the presence of the plant disturbances and sensor noises. The rationales of the theory of H∞ controller synthesis are brought into a unique frame supporting design procedures being implemented. The paper focuses on numerical example of the synthesis of the controller of the flight control system of the small UAV.

scholarly journals Effect of Aviation Spray Adjuvants on Defoliant Droplet Deposition and Cotton Defoliation Efficacy Sprayed by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinggang Xiao ◽  
Fang Xin ◽  
Zhaoxia Lou ◽  
Tingting Zhou ◽  
Guobin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Impurity Content ◽  
Coverage Rate ◽  
Droplet Deposition ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Spray Adjuvants

Defoliant spraying is an important aspect of mechanized cotton harvesting. Fully and uniformly spraying defoliant could improve the quality of defoliation and reduce the impurity content in cotton. Improving the coverage of defoliant droplets in the middle and lower layers of cotton and ensuring the full and even dispersion of droplets in the cotton canopy are essentially in increasing the defoliation effect. In this study, we assessed the effect of aviation spray adjuvants on droplet deposition, defoliation, boll opening and defoliant retention in cotton leaves sprayed by an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The results showed that adding aviation spray adjuvants could significantly improve the defoliant droplet deposition. Fifteen days after spraying, the defoliation rate was 80.31% and the boll opening was 90.61%. The defoliation rate increased by 3.12–34.62% and the boll opening rate increased by 6.67–29.56% after the addition of aviation spray adjuvants. Using a vegetable oil adjuvant could significantly increase the droplet coverage rate and the retention of defoliants in cotton leaves.

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