scholarly journals Influence of the Maxillary Sinus on the Accuracy of the Root ZX Apex Locator: An Ex Vivo Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Roula El Hachem ◽  
Elie Wassef ◽  
Nadim Mokbel ◽  
Richard Abboud ◽  
Carla Zogheib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maxillary Molar ◽  
Relationship Of

This study evaluated the accuracy of the Root ZX (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) electronic apex locator in determining the working length when palatal maxillary molar roots are in a relationship with the sinus. Seventeen human maxillary molars with vital pulp were scheduled for an extraction and implant placement as part of a periodontal treatment plan. The access cavity was prepared, and a #10 K file (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) was inserted into the palatal root using the Root ZX apex locator in order to determine the electronic working length (EWL); then, the teeth were extracted. To determine the real working length (RWL), a #10 K file was introduced into the root canal until its tip touched a glass plate. EWL and RWL were compared. Images reconstructed with CBCT (cone beam computerized tomography) revealed that eight palatal roots were related to the maxillary sinus, whereas nine were not. The results showed a significant difference between the EWL and the RWL of the palatal roots related to the sinus (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in measurements of roots not in contact with the sinus (p > 0.05). Within the study limitations, the reliability of Root ZX was influenced by the relationship of the roots with the maxillary sinus.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Relation of Maxillary Posterior Roots to the Floor of Maxillary Sinus in Southern Iraqi Patients, a CBCT Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeel Al-Saedi ◽  
Riad Al-Taee ◽  
Bahaa Al-Bakhakh
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
P Value ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maxillary Sinus Floor ◽  
Maxillary Premolars ◽  
Sinus Floor

Abstract Background: This present study aims to evaluate the type of relationship between roots of maxillary posterior teeth and maxillary sinus.Methods: Cone beam computed tomography images for 148 patients were evaluated (62 males Vs 86 females). A total of 1052 teeth were examined (518 maxillary premolars and 534 maxillary molars). The relation between roots tips and maxillary sinus floor were classified into four types: type 0, type 1, type 2 and type 3, vertical linear distance was measured and distribution of type of relationship in different age groups were evaluated.Results: Most of single rooted maxillary premolars showed (type 0) relationship with maxillary sinus floor (98.1%) for maxillary first premolars and (69.5%) for maxillary second premolars. In buccal roots of double rooted maxillary first premolars, (type 0) represented (98.7%). While for maxillary second premolars occurred in (50%). Type 0 still the most common appearing type in palatal roots of maxillary first premolars (92%) and in maxillary second premolars it appeared in (45.8%). In maxillary first molars, (type 0) was the most common type which appeared in 43.3%, 39.8% and 38.6% for mesiobuccal, distobuccal and palatal roots respectively. The most common appearing type in single rooted and double rooted maxillary second molars, (type 0) appeared in (50%). In mesiobuccal and distobuccal roots (type 1) appeared in 48.1% and 45.5%, respectively (most common), whereas (type 0) was seen most frequently in palatal roots (39.7%). There was increased appearance of (type 0) in older age group (>45) in maxillary molars roots with statistically significant difference (P-value < 0.001).Conclusions: Most of maxillary premolars, maxillary first molars and palatal roots of maxillary second molars were separated from maxillary sinus floor (type 0). Most of the mesiobuccal and distobaccal roots of maxillary second molars were in contact with the sinus floor (type1).

scholarly journals Ex vivo analysis of the debris remaining in flattened root canals of vital and nonvital teeth after biomechanical preparation with Ni-Ti rotary instruments

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edi Wagner Sasaki ◽  
Marcos Aurélio Versiani ◽  
Danyel Elias da Cruz Perez ◽  
Manoel D. Sousa-Neto ◽  
Yara T. Silva-Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Clinical Indication ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Pulp Tissue ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Rotary Instruments ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pulp Vitality

The purpose of this study was to assess the presence of apical debris remaining in the apical third of flattened root canals of vital and nonvital teeth after biomechanical preparation with Ni-Ti rotary instruments. Fresh-extracted human mandibular incisors were used in this study. The teeth had clinical indication for extraction and were submitted to cold pulp vitality testing and radiographic examination. Eighteen teeth were selected and randomly assigned to two groups (n=9), according to the clinical diagnosis, i.e., pulp vitality or pulp necrosis. The canals were instrumented with the ProTaper NiTi rotary system in the following sequence: S1 - up to the middle third; SX - at the cervical third; S2- up to the apical third; and S1, F1, F2, F3 - at the working length. The canals were irrigated with 1% sodium hypochlorite, dried and were submitted to the histological processing. Sections from the apical third were analyzed by an optical microscope (X40) that was coupled to a computer where the images were captured and analyzed using specific softwares. A grid was placed over these images to assess the total canal area and the areas with debris. Mann-Whitney U-test showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between the teeth with pulp vitality (6.49 ± 3.39) and those with pulp necrosis (5.95 ± 2.22). It may be concluded that the clinical condition of pulp tissue did not interfere with the amount of debris remaining in the apical third of flattened root canals prepared with Ni-Ti rotary instruments.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Working Length Determination using NovApex and Root-ZX Apex Locators: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Zand ◽  
Saeed Rahimi ◽  
Paria Davoudi ◽  
Abubakr Afshang
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Visual Technique ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Determination ◽  
Electronic Apex Locator

ABSTRACT Introduction This ex vivo study evaluated the accuracy of the Root-ZX electronic apex locator (EAL) (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) and the NovApex (Forum Technologies, Rishon Lezion, Israel) in determining the working length (WL) during endodontic treatment. Materials and methods Forty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected for this study. The actual WL was measured with visual technique by a size #15 k-file under magnification. Then, the canal lengths were measured electronically with both Root-ZX and NovApex apex locators within ±0.5 and ±1 mm. Mean percentage of data was analyzed between groups using paired t-test, with a statistically significant level of p < 0.05. Results The accuracy of NovApex apex locator was 85% within ±0.5 mm and 92.5% within ±1 mm. The accuracy of Root-ZX apex locator was 70% within ±0.5 mm and 97.5% within ±1 mm. There was no significant difference between the accuracy of the two EALs. Conclusion Both the NovApex and Root-ZX EALs are useful for measuring the WL with high accuracy. Clinical significance Given the importance of accurate WL determination in the success of endodontic treatments, the accuracy of different apex locators should be evaluated. How to cite this article Zand V, Rahimi S, Davoudi P, Afshang A. Accuracy of Working Length Determination using NovApex and Root-ZX Apex Locators: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):383-385.

scholarly journals New electronic apex locator Romiapex A-15 presented accuracy for working length determination in permanent teeth

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Etevaldo Matos Maia Filho ◽  
Cláudia De Castro Rizzi ◽  
Daniela Silva Barroso de Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Nelson Filho ◽  
Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
The Real ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Dental Crowns ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Similar Accuracy

Purpose: The present study aims to evaluate, ex vivo, the accuracy of electronic apex locators Root ZX II and Romiapex-15, for working length (WL) determination in permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: Fourteen single-rooted teeth (incisors and canines), with their apices fully formed were used. The dental crowns were removed. The anatomic length of the tooth (real measurement) was visually determined through the insertion of a size 10 K-file until the tip of the instrument could be observed in the apical foramen under a microscope (20X). Teeth were fixed in a model of resin and adapted into alginate soaked with saline solution, which was used as an  electrical conductor. Using a K-file, root canals were measured electronically using both devices. The results obtained for each apex locator were compared to the real measurements. The accuracy between the devices was statistically analyzed using the Bland-Altman graph, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and Student’s t-test. Results: The mean difference between the measurements using the Root ZX II was 0.277mm greater than the real measurement, while the measurements from the Romiapex-15 were 0.308mm higher on average. The comparison between Root ZX II and Romiapex-15 had no significant difference (p= 0.868). Conclusion: It was concluded that Root ZX II and Romiapex-15 had similar accuracy. Romiapex-15 could be an option for WL determination in permanent teeth.

scholarly journals Ex-vivo Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Two Activated Irrigation Techniques After Reciprocating Instrumentation in Curved Canals

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Costa Lopes Schiavotelo ◽  
Marcelo Santos Coelho ◽  
Luis Cardoso Rasquin ◽  
Daniel Guimarães Pedro Rocha ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Fontana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Reciprocating Motion ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Single File ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Level Of Agreement

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of two activated irrigation techniques in removing the smear layer after single-file reciprocating instrumentation in curved canals. Materials and Methods: Sixty distobuccal roots of maxillary molars were standardized to create a closed system, and then instrumented using WaveOne Primary (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) instruments. Fifty-four specimens were randomly distributed into 3 groups for final irrigation: Non-activated irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and EndoActivator (EA;Dentsply Maillefer, Tulsa, USA) irrigation. All specimens received 3 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 minute, followed by irrigation with 6 mL of 2.5% NaOCl. The apical, middle and cervical thirds of the specimens were analyzed using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and the amount of remaining smear layer on the canal walls was rated by three examiners using a five-category scoring system. Kendall’s concordance coefficient was used to assess inter-rater agreement. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney (Bonferroni) tests were used to compare the scores. Results: Kendall’s concordance coefficient was ≥ 0.7, indicating an excellent level of agreement between the raters. No statistically significant difference in irrigation techniques efficacy for removal of the smear layer (p=0.061) was found for the apical third. The scores attributed to the specimens irrigated with the EA system were significantly lower than those of the other groups in the cervical and middle thirds (p< 0.05). Conclusions: The efficacy of the EA system in removing the smear layer in the cervical and middle thirds of root canals instrumented with reciprocating motion was significantly higher than that of either PUI or non-activated irrigation. Both EA and PUI performed similarly in apical third.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Periapical Radiographic Techniques with Apex Locator for Endodontic Working Length Estimation: An ex vivo Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaishali Parekh ◽  
Chirag Taluja
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Length Estimation ◽  
Radiographic Technique ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Determination ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

ABSTRACT Background Accurate assessment of working length determines the success and prognosis of an endodontic treatment outcome. Various methods are used in determining the working length. Aim Compare the measurements of the apex locator and radiographic technique to determine working length. Methods An ex vivo study was conducted on 20 patients having intact single straight root canal. Only premolars were taken in the study. After doing coronal flaring and irrigation, the radiographic length was determined with an aid of a k-type file and electronic length (EL-Root-ZX) 3rd generation apex locator. After extraction of all the premolars, stereomicroscope was further used to confirm and compare radiographic and electronic apex locator. Results A mean value of 0.5430 ± 0.5741 mm was observed among radiographic techniques. A mean value of 0.4240 ± 0.4587 mm was observed among apex locator techniques. Ttest revealed, no significant difference between the two techniques was observed (p = 0. 615). ‘Two tailed’ t-test revealed intragroup significance both techniques for determining the working length. Conclusion The distance of the apical foramen to the tip of the file: A mean value of 0.4240 ± 0.4587 mm with apex locator technique was observed. Working length of apex locator was more in comparison to radiographic technique. No significant difference between the two techniques was observed (p = 0. 615). Intragroup significance among both techniques for determining the working length was also observed. However, a further study incorporating a larger sample size and utilization of both techniques of working length determination on the same tooth has to be conducted. Clinical significance Combining the apex locator technique and radiographic technique for determination of working length would yield more accurate working length. How to cite this article Parekh V, Taluja C. Comparative Study of Periapical Radiographic Techniques with Apex Locator for Endodontic Working Length Estimation: An ex vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2011;12(2):131-134.

Axial Triangle of the Maxillary Sinus, and its Surgical Implication With the Position of Maxillary Sinus Septa During Sinus Floor Elevation: A CBCT Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-422
Author(s):  
Junho Jung ◽  
Jung Soo Park ◽  
Seoung-Jin Hong ◽  
Gyu-Tae Kim ◽  
Yong-Dae Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Lateral Sinus ◽  
Sinus Floor Elevation ◽  
Second Molar ◽  
Sinus Wall ◽  
Posterior Maxilla ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sinus Floor ◽  
Molar Region

The aim of this study was to measure the convexity of the lateral wall of the maxillary (Mx) sinus and identify the locational distribution of antral septa in relation to the zygomaticomaxillary buttress (ZMB), in order to suggest another anatomical consideration and surgical modification of sinus floor elevation procedures. This study was designed as a cross-sectional study, and a total of 134 patients and 161 sinuses containing edentulous alveolar ridges were analyzed. The angle between the anterior and lateral walls of the Mx sinus (lateral sinus angle [LSA]), and the angle between the midpalatal line and the anterior sinus wall (anterior sinus angle [ASA]) were measured. Mean LSAs and ASAs were 105.9° ± 9.86° and 58.4° ± 6.43°, respectively. No significant difference between left and right sides was found (LSA, P = .420; right = 105.5° ± 9.27°; left = 105.5° ± 9.27° and ASA, P = .564; right = 57.9° ± 6.80°; left = 58.8° ± 6.02°). The prevalence of septa was 37.3%, and it was most frequently noted in the second molar region (32.8%), followed by the first molar (20.9%), retromolar (16.4%), and second premolar regions (14.9%). Septa were most frequently located posterior to the ZMB (49.2%), while ZMB was mostly located in the first molar region (66.4%). Narrow LSAs may complicate the surgical approach to the posterior maxilla, especially when sinus elevation should be used in the second molar region. Considering the occasional presence of antral septa, membrane elevation may be complicated when a septum is encountered during the procedure. These results suggest that 3-dimensional examination of the convexity of the Mx sinus should be performed preoperatively to choose proper surgical techniques and minimize surgical complications.

Is perioperative antibiotic necessary in straightforward implant placement procedures?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elçin Bedeloğlu ◽  
Mustafa Yalçın ◽  
Cenker Zeki Koyuncuoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Dental Implant ◽  
Prophylactic Antibiotic ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Implant Failure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Implant Placement ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this non-random retrospective cohort study was to evaluate the impact of prophylactic antibiotic on early outcomes including postoperative pain, swelling, bleeding and cyanosis in patients undergoing dental implant placement before prosthetic loading. Seventy-five patients (45 males, 30 females) whose dental implant placement were completed, included to the study. Patients used prophylactic antibiotics were defined as the experimental group and those who did not, were defined as the control group. The experimental group received 2 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid 1 h preoperatively and 1 g amoxicillin + clavulanic acid twice a day for 5 days postoperatively while the control group had received no prophylactic antibiotic therapy perioperatively. Data on pain, swelling, bleeding, cyanosis, flap dehiscence, suppuration and implant failure were analyzed on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12. No statistically significant difference was detected between the two groups with regard to pain and swelling on postoperative days 2, 7, and 14 and week 12 ( p &gt;0.05), while the severity of pain and swelling were greater on day 2 compared to day 7 and 14 and week 12 in both groups ( p =0.001 and p &lt;0.05, respectively). Similarly, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to postoperative bleeding and cyanosis. Although flap dehiscence was more severe on day 7 in the experimental group, no significant difference was found between the two groups with regard to the percentage of flap dehiscence assessed at other time points. Within limitations of the study, it has been demonstrated that antibiotic use has no effect on implant failure rates in dental implant surgery with a limited number of implants. We conclude that perioperative antibiotic use may not be required in straightforward implant placement procedures. Further randomized control clinical studies with higher numbers of patients and implants are needed to substantiate our findings.

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