scholarly journals Recent Updates and Advances in Winiwarter-Buerger Disease (Thromboangiitis Obliterans): Biomolecular Mechanisms, Diagnostics and Clinical Consequences

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1736
Author(s):  
Bahare Fazeli ◽  
Daniela Ligi ◽  
Shayan Keramat ◽  
Rosanna Maniscalco ◽  
Hiva Sharebiani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Thromboangiitis Obliterans ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Clinical Markers ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
The Status ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Enos Polymorphism ◽  
Advanced Stages

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) or Buerger’s disease is a segmental inflammatory, thrombotic occlusive peripheral vascular disease with unknown aetiology that usually involves the medium and small-sized vessels of young male smokers. Due to its unknown aetiology and similarities with atherosclerosis and vasculitis, TAO diagnosis is still challenging. We aimed to review the status of biomolecular and laboratory para-clinical markers in TAO compared to atherosclerosis and vasculitis. We reported that, although some biomarkers might be common in TAO, atherosclerosis, and vasculitis, each disease occurs through a different pathway and, to our knowledge, there is no specific and definitive marker for differentiating TAO from atherosclerosis or vasculitis. Our review highlighted that pro-inflammatory and cell-mediated immunity cytokines, IL-33, HMGB1, neopterin, MMPs, ICAM1, complement components, fibrinogen, oxidative stress, NO levels, eNOS polymorphism, adrenalin and noradrenalin, lead, cadmium, and homocysteine are common markers. Nitric oxide, MPV, TLRs, MDA, ox-LDL, sST2, antioxidant system, autoantibodies, and type of infection are differential markers, whereas platelet and leukocyte count, haemoglobin, lipid profile, CRP, ESR, FBS, creatinine, d-dimer, hypercoagulation activity, as well as protein C and S are controversial markers. Finally, our study proposed diagnostic panels for laboratory differential diagnosis to be considered at first and in more advanced stages.

Current Therapeutic Strategies and Perspectives for Neuroprotection in Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (37) ◽  
pp. 4738-4746
Author(s):  
Mohan K. Ghanta ◽  
P. Elango ◽  
Bhaskar L. V. K. S.
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Neuroprotective Agents ◽  
Striatal Neurons ◽  
The Status ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Dopaminergic Pathways

Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of dopaminergic striatal neurons in basal ganglia. Treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) through dopamine replacement strategies may provide improvement in early stages and this treatment response is related to dopaminergic neuronal mass which decreases in advanced stages. This treatment failure was revealed by many studies and levodopa treatment became ineffective or toxic in chronic stages of PD. Early diagnosis and neuroprotective agents may be a suitable approach for the treatment of PD. The essentials required for early diagnosis are biomarkers. Characterising the striatal neurons, understanding the status of dopaminergic pathways in different PD stages may reveal the effects of the drugs used in the treatment. This review updates on characterisation of striatal neurons, electrophysiology of dopaminergic pathways in PD, biomarkers of PD, approaches for success of neuroprotective agents in clinical trials. The literature was collected from the articles in database of PubMed, MedLine and other available literature resources.

scholarly journals Targeting the EGF Receptor for Ovarian Cancer Therapy

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reema Zeineldin ◽  
Carolyn Y. Muller ◽  
M. Sharon Stack ◽  
Laurie G. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Molecular Heterogeneity ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Status ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Ovarian carcinoma is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in the US. Factors such as the molecular heterogeneity of ovarian tumors and frequent diagnosis at advanced stages hamper effective disease treatment. There is growing emphasis on the identification and development of targeted therapies to disrupt molecular pathways in cancer. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is one such protein target with potential utility in the management of ovarian cancer. This paper will discuss contributions of EGF receptor activation to ovarian cancer pathogenesis and the status of EGF receptor inhibitors and EGF receptor targeted therapies in ovarian cancer treatment.

scholarly journals A mikro-RNS-ek patogenetikai és diagnosztikai szerepe mellékvesekéreg-carcinomában

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (7) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Nagy ◽  
Ábel Decmann ◽  
Pál Perge ◽  
Péter Igaz
Keyword(s):  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Adrenocortical Cancer ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Adrenocortical Adenomas ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumours ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Advanced Stages

Abstract: Adrenocortical tumours are quite prevalent. Most of these tumours are benign, hormonally inactive adrenocortical adenomas. Rare hormone-secreting adrenocortical adenomas are associated with severe clinical consequences, whereas the prognosis of the rare adrenocortical cancer is rather poor in its advanced stages. The pathogenesis of these tumours is only partly elucidated. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that are pivotal in the regulation of several basic cell biological processes via the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Their altered expression has been described in many tumours. Several tissue microRNAs, such as miR-483-5p, miR-503, miR-210, miR-335 and miR-195 were found to be differentially expressed among benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours, and these could also have pathogenic relevance. Due to their tissue specific and stable expression, microRNAs can be exploited in diagnostics as well. As the histological diagnosis of adrenocortical malignancy is difficult, microRNAs might be of help in the establishment of malignancy. Novel data show that microRNAs are secreted in various body fluids, projecting their applicability as biomarkers as part of liquid biopsy. In this review, we attempt to present a synopsis on the pathogenic relevance of microRNAs in adrenocortical tumours and their potential diagnostic applicability. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(7): 245–251.

scholarly journals The Theoretical Situation

1974 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 3-34
Author(s):  
Icko Iben
Keyword(s):  
Cataclysmic Variables ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Type I ◽  
Instability Strip ◽  
Rr Lyrae ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
The Status ◽  
Advanced Stages

The domain of this symposium is so wide – essentially anything at all having to do with stars – that it is impossible to do more than cursory justice to even a small portion of the matters to be discussed. My contribution will therefore be limited primarily to a discussion of the status of theoretical work bearing on the behavior of stars that evolve through the classical instability strip that extends from the region of Cepheids to the domain of RR Lyrae stars. Discussion of other extremely important variable stars such as cataclysmic variables, Mira and irregular variables, flare stars, β-Canis Majoris stars, and δ-Scuti and small amplitude variables will here be mentioned only in passing; presumably, most of these stars will be discussed at length by other speakers at this symposium. Further little attention will be paid to the thermal instability that is initiated in the helium-burning region of a double-shell-source star and to current thinking about the progenitors of type I and type II supernovae; presumably, these topics will be discussed in Warsaw in the symposium on advanced stages of evolution.

scholarly journals IL-17 and VEGF are increased and correlated to systemic inflammation, immune suppression, and malnutrition in patients with breast cancer

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazunoshin Tachibana ◽  
Masahiko Shibata ◽  
Kenji Gonda ◽  
Yoshiko Matsumoto ◽  
Takahiro Nakajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Stimulation Index ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Retinol Binding Protein ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
The Status

Relationships between inflammation and innate immunity in cancer are widely accepted today; however, the precise cell mechanisms mediating these relationships have not yet been elucidated. Interleukin (IL)-17 is a proinflammatory cytokine that has been reported to induce inflammation in patients with autoimmune diseases. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) may contribute to the negative regulation of immune responses during cancer and inflammation. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is reported to have multiple biological actions including increasing vascular permeability, neovascularization, and possible inhibition of immune function in malignant diseases. This study investigated the status of systemic inflammation and immune suppression associated with IL-17 and VEGF in patients with breast cancer. IL-17 production and the serum levels of VEGF were also increased in advanced stages of the disease. The production of IL-12, which induces Th1 cells, and the stimulation index (SI), which is a marker of cell-mediated immune function, were both shown to decrease along with disease advancement. Also, the production of IL-17 and the VEGF levels were both positively correlated with the levels of MDSC, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and were inversely correlated with IL-12 production and the SI. Nutritional markers, including prealbumin (PA), transferrin (TF), and retinol-binding protein (RBP), were also shown to be significantly lower in patients with high production of IL-17 or high levels of VEGF. These data clearly showed that IL-17 and VEGF, whose levels correlated with each other and with those of MDSC, were significantly associated with disease advancement, systemic inflammation, suppression of cell-mediated immunity including Th1 induction, and malnutrition.

scholarly journals Buerger’s disease in female: rare case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1571
Author(s):  
Abhijit A. Bhoyate ◽  
Lekshmi Priya R. ◽  
Vidyanand Tripathi ◽  
Piyushkumar Agrawal ◽  
G. S. Moirangthem
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Thromboangiitis Obliterans ◽  
Buerger’S Disease ◽  
Buerger's Disease ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Arteries And Veins

Thromboangiitis obliterans (Bureger’s disease) is a vascular disease characterized by a segmental, non-atherosclerotic inflammation of the small and medium-sized arteries and veins of the distal extremities mostly affecting young male smokers and rarely females. Only a few cases with histologic proof of the disease in females have ever been recorded in literature. We report a rare case of Buerger’s disease in a 55 years old female.

scholarly journals Current Status of Stem Cell Therapy for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger's Disease)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Peyvandi ◽  
Biraja C. Dash ◽  
Sifon U. Ndon ◽  
Kyle Steven Gabrick ◽  
Athena Alipour Alipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Therapeutic Angiogenesis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Thromboangiitis Obliterans ◽  
Buerger’S Disease ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Buerger's Disease

Buerger's disease or Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO) is a nonatherosclerotic segmental vascular disease which affects small and medium arteries and veins in the upper and lower extremities. Based on pathological findings, TAO can be considered as a distinct form of vasculitis that is most prevalent in young male smokers. There is no definitive cure for this disease as therapeutic modalities are limited in number and efficacy. Surgical bypass has limited utility and 24% of patients will ultimately require amputation. Recently, studies have shown that therapeutic angiogenesis and immunomodulatory approaches through the delivery of cells to target tissues are potential options for ischemic lesion treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of TAO treatment and provide an overview of stem cell-based treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Stem Cell Therapy for Thromboangiitis Obliterans (Buerger’s Disease)

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408
Author(s):  
Biraja C. Dash ◽  
Hassan Peyvandi ◽  
Kaiti Duan ◽  
Edward Richardson ◽  
Sifon U. Ndon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Therapeutic Angiogenesis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Thromboangiitis Obliterans ◽  
Buerger’S Disease ◽  
Ischemic Lesion ◽  
Buerger's Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities

Buerger’s disease or Thromboangiitis Obliterans (TAO) is a nonatherosclerotic segmental vascular disease which affects small and medium arteries and veins in the upper and lower extremities. Based on pathological findings, TAO can be considered as a distinct form of vasculitis that is most prevalent in young male smokers. There is no definitive cure for this disease as therapeutic modalities are limited in number and efficacy. Surgical bypass has limited utility and 24% of patients will ultimately require amputation. Recently, studies have shown that therapeutic angiogenesis and immunomodulatory approaches through the delivery of stem cells to target tissues are potential options for ischemic lesion treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of TAO treatment and provide an overview of stem cell-based treatment modalities.

scholarly journals Intestinal thromboangiitis obliterans: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swastik Sourav Mishra ◽  
Tushar Subhadarshan Mishra ◽  
Suvradeep Mitra ◽  
Pankaj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acute Abdomen ◽  
Enterocutaneous Fistula ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Thromboangiitis Obliterans ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Buerger’S Disease ◽  
Buerger's Disease ◽  
Diffuse Abdominal Pain ◽  
Feeding Jejunostomy ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Thromboangiitis obliterans or Buerger’s disease is a form of peripheral vascular disease in young male smokers. The involvement of the intestine occurs in only about 2% of the cases, when they may present as acute abdomen due to mesenteric ischemia. The uncommonness of the condition makes it a less suspected differential diagnosis, leading to a delay in appropriate management, thereby increasing chances of morbidity or mortality. Cessation of smoking is known to stall the disease progression including visceral involvement, but may not always be the case as happened in the case being presented. Case presentation Our Indian Hindu male patient, a known smoker, presented with diffuse abdominal pain along with bouts of vomiting and loose motions. He had a prior history of amputation of the right foot, 4 years before. At presentation he had abdominal distension with diffuse tenderness and guarding. An omental band attached to the tip of the appendix was discovered at the initial exploration along with dilated proximal bowel loops, for which a release of the omental band along with appendectomy was done. He developed an enterocutaneous fistula on the 6th postoperative day for which he had to be reexplored, and multiple jejunal perforations were found. Segmental jejunal resection and a Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy with distal ileostomy were done along with a feeding jejunostomy. The patient however again had feculent discharge from the wound for which a third exploration was done. The gastrojejunostomy and feeding jejunostomy sites were leaky, both of which were repaired primarily. The patient developed septicemia which progressed to refractory septic shock, and he ultimately succumbed to his illness on the 23rd postoperative day of the index surgery. Conclusion Acute abdomen in a young man who is a chronic smoker and having an antecedent history of amputation of some part of an extremity for a nontraumatic cause should raise the suspicion of Buerger’s disease of the intestine. Although it is a progressive disease and the situation has already progressed by the time intestinal symptoms manifest, early detection may give some scope of salvage and decrease the morbidity and mortality.

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