scholarly journals International HIV Dementia Scale for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Elena Cecilia Rosca ◽  
Philippe Tadger ◽  
Amalia Cornea ◽  
Raluca Tudor ◽  
Cristian Oancea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Dementia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
International Hiv Dementia Scale

The present study aims to systematically review the evidence on the accuracy of the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) test for diagnosing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and outline the quality and quantity of research evidence available on the accuracy of IHDS in people living with HIV. We conducted a systematic literature review, searching five databases from inception until July 2020. We extracted dichotomized positive and negative test results at various thresholds and calculated the sensitivity and specificity of IHDS. Quality assessment was performed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) criteria. Fifteen cross-sectional studies, published between 2011 and 2018, met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Overall, 3760 patients were included, but most studies recruited small samples. We assessed most studies as being applicable to the review question, though we had concerns about the selection of participants in three studies. The accuracy of IHDS was investigated at thirteen cut-off points (scores 6–12). The threshold of 10 is the most useful for optimal HAND screening (including asymptomatic neurocognitive disorder, symptomatic HAND, and HIV-associated dementia) with fair diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of the International HIV Dementia Scale and HIV Dementia Scale: A meta-analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
XUEYING HU ◽  
YANG ZHOU ◽  
JIANXIONG LONG ◽  
QIMING FENG ◽  
RENSHENG WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Hiv Dementia ◽  
International Hiv Dementia Scale

scholarly journals Worldwide Prevalence of HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) and its associated factors: A systematic review and meta- analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosef Zenebe ◽  
Mogesie Necho ◽  
Wondwosen Yimam ◽  
Baye Akele
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Older Age ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Abstract Background: HIV associated neurocognitive disorders are common in people living with HIV/AIDS and affects adherence of patients to prescription, activities of daily living and quality of life of patients. However, there is a lack of summative evidence in the area. The present meta-analysis was therefore employed to address this gap. Methods: we used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines during our electronic search in Psych-Info, EMBASE, Scopus and PubMed. The retrieved articles were stored with endnote reference manager and data was extracted using Meta-XL version 5.3. The quality of studies were evaluated with modified Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effect model and STATA-16 were used to compute the average estimate of HAND. Heterogeneity was weighed with I2 statistics. A sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were employed. The existence /nonexistence of a publication bias were checked with the eye ball test and eggers test of publication bias.Results: The average prevalence of HAND was 50.41% (95% CI: 45.56, 55.26). The average estimate of HAND in Europe was found to be 50.015% whereas in Africa, Asia and United States of America (USA) it was 49.566%, 52.032 %, 50.407% respectively. The prevalence of HAND in studies which used HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) was 36.883% & 59.956% at a cutoff points of IHDS< 9.5 & IHDS <10 respectively. In addition the estimated average of HAND with the global dementia scale (GDS) was 40.766%. The prevalence of HAND in cross-sectional, cohort and case control studies was 49.52%, 54.087% and 44.45% in that order. Sociodemographic variables such as low level of education and older age, clinical and HIV related variables such as advanced stage of the illness and CD4 count of 500 cells/dl or less and psychological variables such as comorbidity of depression increases the risk of HAND.Conclusion: The average prevalence of HAND was high (more than half of participants) and factors such as low level of education, older age, advanced stage of the illness and comorbidity of depression increases the risk of HAND. Public health interventions to HIV patients should target these essential problems.

scholarly journals Depression and HIV associated neurocognitive disorders among HIV infected adults in rural southwestern Uganda: a cross-sectional quantitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Kasozi Namagga ◽  
Godfrey Zari Rukundo ◽  
Vallence Niyonzima ◽  
Joachim Voss
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Southwestern Uganda ◽  
Hiv Associated Neurocognitive Disorders

Abstract Background HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND remains a pronounced consequence of HIV/AIDS despite improved life expectancies. This is often associated with several dysfunctions such as decrease of attention, mood alterations and psychomotor disturbances. Many factors, including age, gender, employment status, and psychiatric disorders, have been associated with HAND. Among the associated psychiatric disorders, depression is often more prevalent. It can influence not only quality of life, relationships and employment but also adherence to medical care. We assessed the prevalence of depression and its association with HAND among people living with HIV in rural Southwestern Uganda. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that used Beck Depression Inventory-1 and International HIV Dementia Scale to assess depression and HAND respectively. We defined depression with a score of > 10 and HAND with a cutoff score of ≤10. We conducted data analysis using STATA version 12, and Pearson Chi-square test and logistic regression to determine associations between depression and HAND. The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Ethical approval and administrative clearance were obtained from relevant bodies. Results Of the 393 participants assessed for depression and HAND, 27% had depression and 58.3% screened positive for HAND. All levels of depression were more prevalent among female participants. We found a significant association between depression and HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (χ2 (3) = 9.0538 p = 0.029). Conclusion Our findings confirmed a high prevalence of depression in individuals with HAND which is a major component of the disease burden.

scholarly journals Neurophysiological changes of brain and spinal cord in individuals with patellofemoral pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e049882
Author(s):  
Jing Nong Liang ◽  
Savanna Budge ◽  
Austin Madriaga ◽  
Kara Meske ◽  
Derrick Nguyenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Neuromuscular Control ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Randomised Control Trial ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

IntroductionReduced neuromuscular control due to altered neurophysiological functions of the central nervous system has been suggested to cause movement deficits in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP). However, the underlying neurophysiological measures of brain and spinal cord in this population remain to be poorly understood. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the evidence for altered cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP.Methods and analysisThe protocol for conducting the review was prepared using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidelines. We will systematically search the literature that examines cortical and spinal cord functions in individuals with PFP, aged 18–45 years. The studies for cross-sectional, prospective, longitudinal, case–control and randomised control trial designs will be included from the following databases: PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE and Web of Science. Only studies published in English prior to 1 February 2021 will be included. The risk of bias and quality assessment will be performed using National Institutes of Health’s Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. We will conduct meta-analysis of the data where appropriate. Narrative synthesis will be taken if a meta-analysis is not possible.Ethics and disseminationThis is a systematic review from the existing literature and does not require ethical approval. The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the field of rehabilitation medicine, sports/orthopaedic medicine or neurology, regardless of the outcome.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020212128.

Diagnostic accuracy of centralised assays for TB detection and detection of resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 2000747
Author(s):  
Mikashmi Kohli ◽  
Emily MacLean ◽  
Madhukar Pai ◽  
Samuel G. Schumacher ◽  
Claudia M. Denkinger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tracheal Aspirate ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
Isoniazid Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Molecular Assays ◽  
Index Tests ◽  
Resistance Detection

Various diagnostic companies have developed high throughput molecular assays for tuberculosis (TB) and resistance detection for rifampicin and isoniazid. We performed a systematic review and meta-analyses to assess the diagnostic accuracy of five of these tests for pulmonary specimens. The tests included were Abbott RealTime MTB, Abbott RealTime RIF/INH, FluoroType MTB, FluoroType MTDBR and BD Max MDR-TB assay.A comprehensive search of six databases for relevant citations was performed. Cross-sectional, case-control, cohort studies, and randomised controlled trials of any of the index tests were included. Respiratory specimens (such as sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheal aspirate, etc.) or their culture isolates.A total of 21 included studies contributed 26 datasets. We could only meta-analyse data for three of the five assays identified, as data were limited for the remaining two. For TB detection, the included assays had a sensitivity of 91% or more and the specificity ranged from 97% to 100%. For rifampicin resistance detection, all the included assays had a sensitivity of more than 92%, with a specificity of 99–100%. Sensitivity for isoniazid resistance detection varied from 70 to 91%, with higher specificity of 99–100% across all index tests. Studies that included head-to-head comparisons of these assays with Xpert MTB/RIF for detection of TB and rifampicin resistance suggested comparable diagnostic accuracy.In people with symptoms of pulmonary TB, the centralised molecular assays demonstrate comparable diagnostic accuracy for detection of TB, rifampicin and isoniazid resistance to Xpert MTB/RIF assay, a WHO recommended molecular test.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium Infection Increases the Risk for Chronic Diarrhea Among People Living With HIV in Southeast Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwien S. Utami ◽  
Elsa H. Murhandarwati ◽  
Wayan T. Artama ◽  
Hari Kusnanto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cryptosporidium Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Living With Hiv

We conducted a systematic review research and meta-analysis to reveal the relationship between the risk of chronic diarrhea and Cryptosporidium infection in people living with HIV in Southeast Asia. We performed online peer-reviewed literature research from January 2005 to December 2017, which included PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, EBSCO, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. Calculation of size effects in the meta-analysis was performed by STATA 13.0 software to estimate relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for any associations. Seven cross-sectional research articles were recruited in this study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our analysis revealed a significant relationship between cryptosporidiosis and the risk of chronic diarrhea in people living with HIV, with RR = 1.325; 95% CI = 1.157 to 1.517; and P < .000. Our results suggested that cryptosporidiosis increases the risk of chronic diarrhea, and low CD4+ lymphocyte cell counts aggravate the degree of diarrhea. Therefore, clinicians should be more aware in treating HIV-positive people, especially those with low CD4+ cell counts, and we suggest that Cryptosporidium laboratory examinations be conducted immediately.

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