scholarly journals Clinical Implication of Patchy Pattern Corneal Staining in Dry Eye Disease

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Seitaro Komai ◽  
Norihiko Yokoi ◽  
Hiroaki Kato ◽  
Aoi Komuro ◽  
Yukiko Sonomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Epithelial Damage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Breakup Time ◽  
Corneal Staining

Corneal fluorescein staining in a form that is commonly called a “patchy pattern (PP)” is sometimes seen with or without superficial punctate keratopathy (SPK) in dry-eye diseases (DEDs). Here, we investigated the differences in the clinical features of DED patients with and without PP corneal staining (PPCS). This study involved 35 DEDs with PPCS (PPCS group) and 30 DEDs with SPK and without PPCS (non-PPCS group). The tear meniscus radius (TMR, mm), spread grade (SG) of the tear-film lipid layer (i.e., SG 1–5, 1 being best), noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT, seconds), fluorescein breakup time (FBUT, seconds), corneal epithelial damage (CED, 15 points maximum), conjunctival epithelial damage (CjED, six points maximum), the Schirmer’s 1 test (ST1, mm), and the prevalence of Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) were examined, and then compared between the two groups. Our findings revealed that between the groups (PPCS vs. non-PPCS), there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in CjED (3.1 ± 1.9 vs. 1.3 ± 1.6), ST1 (5.6 ± 7.4 vs. 14.8 ± 11.4), and the prevalence of SS (60.0% vs. 16.7%). Our findings suggest that DEDs and dry-eye patients with PPCS may indicate not only SS itself, but also the ophthalmological characteristics compatible with SS.

scholarly journals Maximum blink interval is associated with tear film breakup time: A new simple, screening test for dry eye disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takenori Inomata ◽  
Masao Iwagami ◽  
Yoshimune Hiratsuka ◽  
Keiichi Fujimoto ◽  
Yuichi Okumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Breakup Time ◽  
Simple Screening

scholarly journals "Smart Eye Camera": An innovative technique to evaluate tear film breakup time in a murine dry eye disease model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. e0215130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eisuke Shimizu ◽  
Yoko Ogawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Yazu ◽  
Naohiko Aketa ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Innovative Technique ◽  
Breakup Time

scholarly journals Tear Film Osmolarity Measurement in Japanese Dry Eye Patients Using a Handheld Osmolarity System

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 789
Author(s):  
Jun Shimazaki ◽  
Miki Sakata ◽  
Seika Den ◽  
Miki Iwasaki ◽  
Ikuko Toda
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Prospective Multicenter Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Breakup Time

We studied the efficacy and safety of a handheld osmolarity measurement system (I-PEN) in Japanese patients with dry eye disease (DED) and non-DED subjects. In this prospective, multicenter study, tear osmolarity was examined using the I-PEN in a total of 122 eyes divided into DED (n = 71) and non-DED (n = 51) groups. Subjective symptoms were assessed using the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS) questionnaire. Ocular surface condition was evaluated in terms of fluorescein tear breakup time (FBUT) and tear breakup pattern (TBUP), and by fluorescein staining and Schirmer’s test. The I-PEN measurements were performed safely in the majority of cases. There was no statistically significant difference in mean tear film osmolarity between the DED and non-DED groups (294.76 ± 16.39 vs. 297.76 ± 16.72 mOsms/L, respectively, p = 0.32). No significant correlations were observed between osmolarity values and DEQS score, FBUT, or the Schirmer score. Osmolarity did not differ among TBUP subgroups. This prospective clinical study found no correlations between the tear film osmolarity values obtained with the I-PEN system and any subjective or objective parameters of DED. Further studies are required to determine the utility of the I-PEN system in other settings.

scholarly journals Effect of dry eye diseases on the level of Protein and Lipids in Tears of Postmenopausal Women.

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Shuaibu ◽  
G. A. Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eye Symptoms ◽  
Breakup Time

The study is aimed at investigating the effect of dry eye disease on the level of protein and lipids in tears of postmenopausal women. The study was carried out on 33 postmenopausal women with dry eye symptoms and 22 postmenopausal women that were asymptomatic. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire classified participants as being symptomatic or asymptomatic of dry eye. Tear stability and tear volume were assessed with Fluorescein Tear Break up Time (FBUT) and Schirmer’s test respectively. Tears were analysed for protein (total protein, albumin, and globulin) and lipid (cholesterol and triglycerides). The mean total protein for Dry Eye (DE) was higher than that for Non-dry eye (NDE). Albumin and globulin were also higher for the DE group when compared to the NDE group. These were however, not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was also no significant difference in triglycerides and cholesterol between DE and NDE. There was no significant correlation between clinical signs (tear volume and tear breakup time) and total protein, albumin, globulin cholesterol and triglycerides in the NDE and DE eye groups. The study shows that proteins and lipids do not change in postmenopausal women irrespective of the presences of dry eye disease.

scholarly journals Repeatability and Reproducibility of Noninvasive Keratograph 5M Measurements in Patients with Dry Eye Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Tian ◽  
Jing-hao Qu ◽  
Xiao-yu zhang ◽  
Xu-guang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height ◽  
Breakup Time

Purpose. To determine the intraexaminer repeatability and interexaminer reproducibility of tear meniscus height (TMH) and noninvasive Keratograph tear breakup time (NIKBUT) measurements obtained with the Keratograph 5M (K5M) in a sample of healthy and dry eye populations.Methods. Forty-two patients with dry eye disease (DED group) and 42 healthy subjects (healthy group) were recruited in this prospective study. In all subjects, each eye received 3 consecutive measurements using the K5M for the TMH and NIKBUTs (NIKBUT-first and NIKBUT-average). And then a different examiner repeated the measurements. The repeatability and reproducibility of measurements were assessed by the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results. The repeatability and reproducibility of TMH and NIKBUTs were good in both DED and healthy groups (CV% ≤ 26.1% and ICC ≥ 0.75 for all measurements). Patients with DED showed better intraexaminer repeatability for NIKBUTs, but worse for TMH than healthy subjects. Average TMH, NIKBUT-first, and NIKBUT-average were significantly lower in DED group than in healthy group (allPvalues < 0.05).Conclusions. Measurements of TMH and NIKBUTs obtained with the K5M may provide a simple, noninvasive screening test for dry eye with acceptable repeatability and reproducibility. The NIKBUTs were more reliable, but TMH was less reliable in patients with DED.

scholarly journals An investigation of non-invasive tear break up time and tear meniscus height of keratoconic versus non-keratoconic individuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanne L. Nicholas ◽  
Wayne D.H. Gillan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Tear Meniscus ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Tear Meniscus Height ◽  
And Control

Keratoconus is a debilitating condition where the cornea develops a conical shape rather than the characteristic round shape due to various physiological and structural changes taking place within the layers of the cornea. As a result of the pathogenesis of keratoconus, there are numerous changes that may occur within the tears of these patients. Research has shown changes in the tear metabolome, the presence of degradation products as well as loss of goblet cells into the tears. Could the changes occurring within the tear structure of these patients affect the results of various tear quantity and quality tests? Non-invasive tear break up time (NTBUT) is a diagnostic test used to determine the quality of the tear film and has been used extensively when diagnosing dry eye disease. This test is utilised in order to determine the time taken for the tear film to begin breaking apart, signalling thinning of the tears. Shorter break up times are therefore indicative of instability or changes occurring within the tear film which could be diagnostic of dry eye disease. Tear meniscus height (TMH) measurements have also been utilised in clinical practice, where these measurements provide an indication of the volume of tears contained within the upper and lower menisci. Lower tear volumes have been shown to be present in cases of dry eye disease where either tear production or tear drainage may be affected. Changes in the quality and quantity of the tear film in subjects with dry eye disease have been thoroughly investigated; however, the same cannot be said for subjects with keratoconus. Could the same findings be possible in subjects with keratoconus? Is it possible that the changes occurring within the tears of keratoconic subjects could lead to abnormal NTBUT and TMH measurements when compared to those of control subjects? Could the results of the NTBUT and TMH tests be related to one another? This study compares the NTBUT and TMH measurements of both keratoconic and control subjects by making use of a single type of instrumentation, namely the Oculus Keratograph 4 (OK4). The results of this study reveal that the values obtained for each of the two subject groups are not shown to be statistically significantly different and that there is no significant correlation between the NTBUT and TMH measurements when comparing keratoconic and control subjects.

Diagnostic Possibilities of Interferometry in Detection and Monitoring of Dry Eye Disease Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Dong Fang Hui ◽  
I Bezkorovayna ◽  
H Pavlovska
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Film Rupture ◽  
Surface Examination

The work is dedicated to the features of the eye surface examination, and clinical and functional disruptions in the tear film in 112 (224 eyes) young people aged 18 to 30 years. Based on the analysis of the common objective methods results, such as determination of the Ocular Surface Disease Index, conducting the Shirmer II test, the LIPCOF test, the tear meniscus and tear film rupture time estimation, we have refined scientific data on indicators that characterize dry eye disease. Interferometric studies using the SBM ICP Tearscope (Italy) and iPad Pro (USA) showed a decrease in the thickness of the tear film lipid layer below 80 nm in 64% of the surveyed. The interferometry data well associated with known eye surface methods, demonstrating the highest level of sensitivity. The thinning of the lipid layer below 30 nm, detected in 33% of the subjects, was characteristic for the eyes with dry eye disease.

scholarly journals Effect of 0.15% Preservative-free Sodium Hyaluronate on Dry Eye Disease after Femtosecond Laser-assisted Cataract Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 922-930
Author(s):  
Tae Hwan Kim ◽  
Byunghoon Chung ◽  
Kang Yoon Kim ◽  
Ikhyun Jun ◽  
Kyoung Yul Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Layer ◽  
Preservative Free

Purpose: The efficacy of using preservative-free 0.15% sodium hyaluronate eyedrops for dry eye disease after femtosecond laser- assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) was evaluated. Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted on patients with dry eye who were scheduled for FLACS among those with Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II Dry Eye Levels 1 and 2. In total, 37 eyes scheduled for FLACS were randomized to the treatment group (n = 19) or control group (n = 18). Corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining (CFS), tear breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT) value, ocular surface disease index (OSDI), meibomian gland evaluation result, and lipid layer thickness were evaluated for all patients, preoperatively and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Results: In the treatment group, the OSDI and CFS scores were significantly lower at 3 months postoperatively than at baseline, but the TBUT and SIT values were significantly increased. In the control group, TBUT was significantly shorter at 3 months postoperatively than at baseline, SIT values were significantly decreased at 1 and 3 months postoperatively compared with the baseline, and meibum quality was significantly aggravated at 1 month postoperatively compared with the baseline. In the treatment group, OSDI improved significantly from baseline at 1 and 3 months. TBUT increased significantly in the treatment group at postoperative 3 months. Meibomian gland quality showed clinically better results in the treatment group than in the control group at postoperative 3 months. There were no significant differences in corneal and CFS, lipid layer thickness, and other dry eye disease parameters between the treatment and control groups. Conclusions: Preservative-free 0.15% sodium hyaluronate eyedrops were effective for improving dry eye symptoms and tear film stability after FLACS.

scholarly journals Association of Systemic Comorbidities with Dry Eye Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2040
Author(s):  
Motoko Kawashima ◽  
Masakazu Yamada ◽  
Chika Shigeyasu ◽  
Kazuhisa Suwaki ◽  
Miki Uchino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Health Utility ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

We investigated the association between dry eye disease and systemic comorbidities, including dry eye subtype, quality of life (QOL) and health utility among patients with dry eye disease. This cross-sectional, observational study enrolled 449 patients with dry eye disease (386 females; mean age, 62.6 ± 15.7 [range, 21–90] years). Ophthalmic examination findings included tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer I value and keratoconjunctival staining score. QOL and health utility were evaluated using the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS) and Human Utility Index Mark 3 (HUI-3), respectively. Background information, including systemic comorbidities, was obtained. Prevalence of systemic comorbidities was 48.8% (219/449). No significant difference occurred between DEQS and systemic comorbidity. However, patients with dry eye disease and systemic comorbidities (depression and insomnia) exhibited significantly worse ocular surface parameters, particularly regarding TBUT, than those without. Dry eye disease with insomnia or depression comorbidity significantly correlated with friction-related diseases (including conjunctivochalasis or lid wiper epitheliopathy). A high prevalence of several systemic comorbidities occurred in patients with dry eye disease. This study shows an association between ocular signs and systemic comorbidities, particularly depression and insomnia. Ophthalmologists should be aware of patients’ systemic comorbidities in the diagnosis and management of dry eye disease.

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