scholarly journals Dead Wood as an Element Enriching Biodiversity of Forest Ecosystems: A Case Study Based on Mites from the Suborder Uropodina (Acari: Parasitiformes)

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Jerzy Błoszyk ◽  
Tomasz Rutkowski ◽  
Agnieszka Napierała ◽  
Szymon Konwerski ◽  
Michał Zacharyasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

The importance of dead wood in forest ecosystems for the existence of invertebrates has been widely discussed in the literature. The major aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the presence of dead wood in forests considerably increases the species diversity of Uropodina (Acari: Parasitiformes) communities in a given area. The areas selected for the study are unique from a natural point of view. They are the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Cisy Staropolskie im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego Nature Reserve, and five oak-hornbeam nature reserves in western Poland. The study is based on materials collected since the 1960s of the last century. The highest number of species (37) both in soil and dead wood microhabitats was recorded in the Białowieża Primeval Forest and Cisy Staropolskie Nature Reserve, though the dead wood material from the second area contained the highest number of species (33). The results of the analysis show that the presence of dead wood increases species diversity of Uropodina communities in all locations under scrutiny. Moreover, dead wood increases the species diversity of Uropodina communities by attracting rare and stenotopic species, and therefore leaving dead trees in forests is extremely important for the habitat protection of these species.

scholarly journals Inventory of dead wood in the Kněhyně-Čertův mlýn National Nature Reserve, the Moravian-Silesian Beskids

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 171-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jankovský ◽  
D. Lička ◽  
K. Ježek
Keyword(s):  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
National Nature Reserve ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Decomposition Processes ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Standing Dead Trees

In four permanent experimental plots, dead wood was inventory under conditions of mountain forest ecosystems of the Kněhyně-Čertův ml&yacute;n National Nature Reserve, the Moravian-Silesian Beskids. Down woody material, standing dead trees as well as living trees were recorded. Data obtained were used to determine partial and summarized volumes of dead wood and its proportion in a living stand. Each of the surveyed areas was described not only from the viewpoint of mensuration but also with respect to subsequently carried out studies of biodiversity of wood mycoflora, succession of decomposition processes, natural regeneration on the dead wood etc. Mean volume of dead wood and a share in the total standing volume reaches 132 m<sup>3</sup>/ha(40%), of this 86 m<sup>3</sup>/hais down woody material and 46 m<sup>3</sup>/havolume of standing dead trees. Mean total standing volume per ha amounted to 332 m<sup>3</sup>/ha in the region of the Kněhyně-Čertův ml&yacute;n NNR.

scholarly journals Resources of dead wood in the municipal forests in Warsaw

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konrad Skwarek ◽  
Szymon Bijak
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
High Degree

Abstract Dead wood plays an important role for the biodiversity of forest ecosystems and influences their proper development. This study assessed the amount of coarse woody debris in municipal forests in Warsaw (central Poland). Based on the forest site type, dominant tree species and age class, we stratified all complexes of the Warsaw urban forests in order to allocate 55 sample plots. For these plots, we determined the volume of dead wood including standing dead trees, coarse woody debris and broken branches as well as uprooted trees. We calculated the amount of dead wood in the distinguished site-species-age layers and for individual complexes. The volume of dead matter in municipal forests in Warsaw amounted to 38,761 m3, i.e. 13.7 m3/ha. The obtained results correspond to the current regulations concerning the amount of dead organic matter to be left in forests. Only in the Las Bielański complex (northern Warsaw) volume of dead wood is comparable to the level observed in Polish national parks or nature reserves, which is still far lower than the values found for natural forests. In general, municipal forests in Warsaw stand out positively in terms of dead wood quantity and a high degree of variation in the forms and dimensions of dead wood.

The dead forest on Trindade Island was not monospecific, says the wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-S3
Author(s):  
Luciana Witovisk ◽  
Ruy J.V. Alves ◽  
Alessandra R. Guimarães ◽  
Nilber G. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Wood Colour ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Trindade Island ◽  
The Dead ◽  
The 1960S

The first reports of a dead forest on Trindade Island are from the 18th century. Since then, the tentative identifications of the trees with red wood included Caesalpinia, Acacia, Rapanea, Pisonia, Eugenia and Colubrina, the latter having been confirmed by three independent wood anatomists familiar with Brazilian woods. In the 1960s Johann Becker was the last to sample a live Colubrina glandulosa Perkins var. reitzii on Trindade, which was presumed to be a remnant of the extinct forest. Based on this information, along with the eradication of feral goats from the island in 2005, thousands of C. glandulosa seedlings were reintroduced to Trindade. These trees, which grew well at first, are now collectively dying, less than two decades after planting. Their wood colour is much lighter than that of the dead trees, raising doubts about the latter’s correct identification. Herein we report the first detailed descriptions of two wood types from the extinct forest of Trindade, confirming the presence of C. glandulosa and reporting the presence of Paratecoma peroba (Bignoniaceae), a novel occurrence for the island. Radiocarbon dating of a dead C. glandulosa tree confirms that it belongs to the forest which died three centuries ago. The preserved wood proves that the extinct forest was not monospecific and suggests that further sampling of the remaining dead wood may enhance the floristic knowledge of the forest which once covered most of the island with additional species.

scholarly journals New occurrences of aphyllophoroid fungi (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) in the Central Forest State Biosphere Nature Reserve, Tver Region, Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya A. Viner ◽  
Dmitry S. Schigel ◽  
Heikki Kotiranta
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Species List ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
New Occurrences ◽  
Aphyllophoroid Fungi

New data on non-agaricoid wood-inhabiting basidiomycetes collected from dead wood in the Central Forest Nature Reserve are provided. In total, 228 species were recorded during short-term visits in 2009–2015, of which 37 are reported as new to the reserve. An annotated species list is presented including details of associated substrata and, when available, personal fungarium specimen numbers. The paper increases the total number of species reported for the reserve and provides notes on specimens belonging to the genus Phlebiella, which is probably an undescribed species. Records of some rare, or rarely collected species, such as Antrodiella foliaceodentata, Basidiodendron radians, Phlebiella fibrillosa and Tulasnella eichleriana are discussed. 

scholarly journals Post-fire macrofungi in the burnt area in the Jelonka reserve (Białowieża region, NE Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Sumorok
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Burnt Area ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Ne Poland ◽  
Frequent Species ◽  
Successional Stages ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

In the burnt area of the Jelonka nature reserve near Białowieża Primeval Forest mycological studies were carried out in the years 1994-1999. Carpophores of all macrofungi were identified and counted on 7 permanent observation plots repesenting different successional stages before the fire. Altogether 250 species of macromycetes were found, among them 16 species of post-fire fungi. <i>Pholiota carbonaria</i> and <i>Tephrocybe anthracophila</i> were the most abundant and frequent species occurring in the first years after the fire. It has be~ revealed that the presence of carbonised substrate is a limiting factor for the occurrence of post-fire <i>Basidiomycetes</i>.

scholarly journals Features of coarse woody debris volume formation in fresh sudibrova conditions in Zmiini islands tract of Kaniv Nature Reserve

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
O. Chornobrov
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Wood Volume ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Standing Dead ◽  
Common Oak

Dead wood (woody debris) is an important component of forest ecosystems. It performs a number of ecological and environmental functions. The article studies the peculiarities of the formation of coarse wood detritus volume and its qualitative structure in forests in the conditions of fresh sudibrova of the Zmiiini Islands tract of Kaniv Nature Reserve. The study of dead wood was carried out in 140-year-old pine-oak forests of natural origin on a permanent sample plot (0.24 ha) by identifying and measuring of standing and lying deadwood components. It was found that dead wood in the forest ecosystem was formed due to the dying of trees of five species: common oak (Quercus robur L.), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.), small-leaved lime (Tilia cordata Mill.) and common hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.), and has a volume 56.3 m3·ha–1. Dead wood volume is dominated by standing dead trees — 82.1%, and the share of lying dead wood, respectively, is 17.9%. The main part of dead wood volume is formed by two tree species — common oak and Scots pine, the share of which together is 94.3%. Common oak and Scots pine is characterized by a predominance of standing dead wood, while for other tree species — lying dead wood. In general, dead wood is formed by detritus of I–IV classes of destruction, at the same time detritus of class II decomposition has a significant advantage (70.5%), recently dead wood has a much smaller share (I class, 24.8%), and other classes of destruction have insignificant shares, which together do not exceed 5.0%. No woody detritus of the last (V) class of destruction was detected. Volume of standing dead wood is 46.2 m3·ha–1, and is formed by whole and broken dead trees. In terms of species composition, common oak has a significant advantage (74.5%), Scots pine has a much smaller share (25.1%), and the share of Norway maple is insignificant (0.4%). The total standing dead wood volume is dominated by wood of class II destruction (33.0 m3·ha–1, 71.4%) compared with class I (13.2 m3·ha–1, 28.6%). Lying dead wood is represented by four classes of destruction (I–IV), however, no woody debris was found at the late (last) stage of decomposition (class V). In terms of volume, the second class of destruction has an absolute advantage (6.7 m3·ha–1, 66.3%), much less class III detritus (2.3 m3·ha–1, 22.8%). Lying dead wood of common oak is represented by all four classes of destruction, among which III (40.5%) and I (33.3%) classes predominate. Lying dead wood of other tree species is characterized by the predominance of II or III classes of destruction. The main factors in the formation of woody detritus in the pine-oak forest in the Zmiiini Islands tract could be the impact of adverse climatic conditions (long periods without precipitation in summer), which led to the weakening of individual trees and their death, gusts of wind that broke individual tree trunks, low-intensity snow breaks, and the influence of biotic factors (insects, pathogens).

scholarly journals Importance of dead wood resources for woodpeckers in coniferous stands of the Białowieża Forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOROTA CZESZCZEWIK ◽  
WIESŁAW WALANKIEWICZ ◽  
CEZARY MITRUS ◽  
TOMASZ TUMIEL ◽  
TOMASZ STAŃSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Dead Wood ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Stand ◽  
Białowieża Forest ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Dead Trees ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Standing Trees

SummaryMany woodpecker species are known to be sensitive to the removal of dead wood. In 1999–2001 and 2007–2009 woodpeckers and dead wood abundance were studied in coniferous stands of the Białowieża Forest, Poland. Transects (3.9–6 km long) were established in three zones of different types of management: 1) primeval, unmanaged stands (BNP); 2) partially managed nature reserve (RES); 3) heavily managed stands (MAN). Woodpeckers were counted along transects three times per season, and tree stand measurements (number of standing and fallen trees, diameter at breast height, volume of fallen logs) were made once every three years. Woodpecker indices were highest in BNP and lowest in RES in both three-year study periods. The highest number of species (seven) was recorded in RES. Indices of four woodpeckers including two focal species (Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides tridactylus and White-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos leucotos) were dependent on the basal area of dead standing trees. The same relation was found for the whole woodpecker assemblage. The highest indices were recorded in BNP, where the highest density of dead standing trees was recorded, and the lowest in the MAN transect with the lowest density of dead trees. However in the RES plot the amount of dead wood was much lower than in the national park. We recommend that the management regulations in Polish nature reserves be changed. In coniferous reserves, it would be best to leave at least 2 m2 ha-1 (basal area) of freshly killed spruce Picea sp. after each bark beetle outbreak.

scholarly journals Diversity and Community Structure of Dragonfly and Damselfly (Odonata) at the Selorejo Waterfall Area, Ponorogo Regency, East Java Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Muhamad Azmi Dwi Susanto ◽  
Siti Zulaikha
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Number Of Species

Selorejo Waterfall is a natural tourism area that is quite far from downtown Ponorogo and directly adjacent to the Gunung Sigogor Nature Reserve. Hence, this area has the potential as a natural habitat for dragonfly and damselfly. The presence of dragonfly and damselfly species is determined by the type of habitat, canopy conditions, vegetation diversity, and the microclimate that exists in a location. This study aimed to determine the diversity of dragonfly and damselfly and to determine the community structure of dragonflies in Selorejo Waterfall. The sampling method was Visual Day Flying. The results of research conducted in two streams showed that there were 12 species from 6 families with a total of 230 individuals. The value of species diversity at this location is H '= 2.05. In the community structure at the Selorejo Waterfall dragonfly, there are differences in the number of species and individuals in the two streams in Selorejo Waterfall Area. The large stream, eight species from four families, 151 individuals in total. Meanwhile, in small stream, there were nine species from six families, 79 individuals in total. The differences in the number of species and individual dragonflies in the two streams at Selorejo Waterfall can be used to describe the diversity and structure of the Odonata community in the area.

scholarly journals Hypocenomyce anthracophila (Nyl.) P. James et Scheider (Ascomycetes lichenisati) in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Zygmunt Tobolewski ◽  
Satanisław Cieśeliński
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

<i>Hypocenomyce anthracophila</i> belongs to very rare lichens in Poland. It was so far known onry from one historical site. Recently (1982-1987) a number of further sites with this lichen have been found in north eastern Poland, and in West Pomerania (Pomorze) (Fig. 1). It mainly grows on pines, exceptionally on birches and dead wood, in well preserved pine forests of large forest complexes (Białowieża Primeval Forest, Augustów forest complex, Zielona Puszcza, Kurpiowska Puszcza and Piska Puszcza forest complexes).

scholarly journals Effects of fire on scuttle flies (Diptera: Phoridae) in a pine forest in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Durska
Keyword(s):  
Pine Forest ◽  
Pine Plantation ◽  
Ecological Consequences ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Reference Plot ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Ecological consequences of fire on the scuttle fly communities were investigated in a pine forest in Poland (Garwolin Forest). Data from 1,243 identifiable individuals, representing 48 species, were used. The scuttle fly communities in fire-affected plots were similar in terms of the number of species but less diverse than those in an undisturbed reference plot. The response of the flies to the fire was species-specific. Four Megaselia species (M. brevicostalis, M. nigriceps, M. elongata and M. obscuripennis) were most numerous in the plot most affected by fire. Approximately three years after the fire the scuttle fly communities were relatively similar to those found in a clear-cut pine plantation (Bialowieza Primeval Forest) as well as to those in post-windthrow habitats (Pisz Forest) in which logs were removed or left. The Megaselia species are the winners in the fire affected habitats and seem to be more stress-tolerant than other genera ofthe scuttle flies.

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