Behaviour of a Very Fast Grassland Wildfire on the Riverine Plain of Southeastern Australia.

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Noble
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Fuel Loads ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Behaviour Models

A grassland wildfire burnt 120,000 ha in the western Riverina of New South Wales and caused exten sive losses of sheep and fencing. The rate of spread of the fire was accurately recorded at 6.4 m s-1 (23 km h-1) as it traversed one property and on the basis of conservative estimates of fuel loads measured later on unburnt patches, a fireline intensity was calculated at around 20,000 kW m-1. This rate of spread is one of the highest recorded for grassland wildfires in southern Australia and represents an important datum point for wildfire behaviour models. Quite reasonable predictions of rate of spread were pro vided by the McArthur Mark 4 fire danger model, how ever, the Mark 5 model seriously underestimated rate of spread for this and two other grassland wildfires.

scholarly journals Ornithopod diversity in the Griman Creek Formation (Cenomanian), New South Wales, Australia

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e6008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil R. Bell ◽  
Matthew C. Herne ◽  
Tom Brougham ◽  
Elizabeth T. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
High Latitude ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
The North ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales

During the Early Cretaceous, dinosaur communities of the Australian-Antarctic rift system (Eumeralla and Wonthaggi formations) cropping out in Victoria were apparently dominated by a diverse small-bodied ‘basal ornithopod’ fauna. Further north, in Queensland (Winton and Mackunda formations), poorly-represented small-bodied ornithopods coexisted with large-bodied iguanodontians. Our understanding of the ornithopod diversity from the region between the Australian-Antarctic rift and Queensland, represented by Lightning Ridge in central-northern New South Wales (Griman Creek Formation), has been superficial. Here, we re-investigate the ornithopod diversity at Lightning Ridge based on new craniodental remains. Our findings indicate a diverse ornithopod fauna consisting of two-to-three small-bodied non-iguanodontian ornithopods (includingWeewarrasaurus pobenigen. et sp. nov.), at least one indeterminate iguanodontian, and a possible ankylopollexian. These results support those of previous studies that favour a general abundance of small-bodied basal ornithopods in Early to mid-Cretaceous high-latitude localities of southeastern Australia. Although these localities are not necessarily time-equivalent, increasing evidence indicates that Lightning Ridge formed a ‘meeting point’ between the basal ornithopod-dominated localities in Victoria and the sauropod-iguanodontian faunas in Queensland to the north.

Conodonts of Caradocian (Late Ordovician) age from the Cliefden Caves Limestone, southeastern Australia

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 821-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman M. Savage
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
North America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Late Ordovician ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia

New species of Aphelognathus, Belodina, Taoqupognathus, and Yaoxianognathus have been identified in the Late Ordovician Cliefden Caves Limestone Group in central-western New South Wales, Australia. Of the Aphelognathus species, Aphelognathus percivali n. sp. and A. webbyi n. sp. occur in the basal Gleesons Limestone Member and A. packhami n. sp. and A. stevensi n. sp. occur 30 m higher in the Wyoming Limestone Member. It seems likely from the similarity of several of the elements that A. packhami is closely related to A. percivali, and A. stevensi to A. webbyi. Yaoxianognathus wrighti n. sp. occurs in the Gleesons Limestone Member but not in the Wyoming Limestone Member. Belodina confluens, Belodina hillae n. sp., Belodina n. sp., Panderodus gracilis, Taoqupognathus philipi n. sp., and Phragmodus? tunguskaensis occur at both horizons. The conodonts suggest a middle to late Caradocian (mid-Shermanian to mid-Edenian) age for the lowest part of the Cliefden Caves Limestone. The occurrence in southeastern Australia of the forms Taoqupognathus, Yaoxianognathus, and Phragmodus? tunguskaensis suggest affinities to coeval faunas in China and eastern Siberia. The four new species of Aphelognathus are distinct from known species in the Late Ordovician of North America and Europe but they may help characterize a paleobiogeographic region that includes eastern Australia and southeast Asia.

scholarly journals Allele Surfing and Holocene Expansion of an Australian Fig (Ficus—Moraceae)

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Brendan C. Wilde ◽  
Susan Rutherford ◽  
Jia-Yee S. Yap ◽  
Maurizio Rossetto
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Niche Modelling ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Suitable Habitats

The creek sandpaper fig of southeastern Australia, Ficus coronata Spin, is culturally significant to Australian traditional owners who made use of the leaves to smooth timber and ate the fruit. The species is thought to have a long history on the continent, with some suggesting a Gondwanan origin. However, distributional patterns and overall ecology suggest a recent expansion across suitable habitats. We used landscape genomic techniques and environmental niche modelling to reconstruct its history and explore whether the species underwent a recent and rapid expansion along the east coast of New South Wales. Genomic analysis of 178 specimens collected from 32 populations throughout the species’ New South Wales distribution revealed a lack of genetic diversity and population structure. Some populations at the species’ southern and western range limits displayed unexpected diversity, which appears to be the result of allele surfing. Field work and genetic evidence suggest a Holocene expansion which may have increased since European colonisation. We also present a novel method for detecting allele surfing—MAHF (minor allele at highest frequency).

Estimation of vegetative fuel loads using Landsat TM imagery in New South Wales, Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Brandis ◽  
Carol Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Fire History ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Landsat Tm ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Fuel Loads ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Impact

Fuel loads in forest areas are dependent on vegetation type and the time since the last fire. This paper reports a study on the feasibility of using remotely sensed data to estimate vegetative fuel loads. It describes two methods for estimating fuel loads using Landsat TM data based on equations describing litter accumulation and decomposition. The first method uses classification techniques to predict vegetation types coupled with fire history data to derive current fuel loads. The second method applies a canopy turnover rate to estimate litterfall and subsequently accumulated litter from biomass, thus utilising the dominant influence of canopy on remotely sensed data. Both methods are compared with data collected from Popran National Park in coastal New South Wales. The amounts of litter calculated with the biomass method were similar to field results, but the classification method was found to overestimate fuel loads. A sensitivity analysis investigated the impact of varying the vegetation constants and rates used in the fuel estimates to simulate uncertainty or error in their values. The biomass method was less subject to uncertainties and has potential for estimating fuel quantities to provide useful spatial information for fire managers.

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