scholarly journals Lead-Free Perovskite Single Crystals: A Brief Review

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Xianfang Zhou ◽  
Yansong Wang ◽  
Chuangye Ge ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Haoran Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Interfacial Engineering ◽  
Remarkable Progress

Lead-free perovskites have received remarkable attention because of their nontoxicity, low-cost fabrication, and spectacular properties including controlled bandgap, long diffusion length of charge carrier, large absorption coefficient, and high photoluminescence quantum yield. Compared with the widely investigated polycrystals, single crystals have advantages of lower trap densities, longer diffusion length of carrier, and extended absorption spectrum due to the lack of grain boundaries, which facilitates their potential in different fields including photodetectors, solar cells, X-ray detectors, light-emitting diodes, and so on. Therefore, numerous research focusing on the novel properties, preparation methods, and remarkable progress in applications of lead-free perovskite single crystals (LFPSCs) has been extensively studied. In this review, the current advancements of LFPSCs are briefly summarized, including the synthesis approaches, compositional and interfacial engineering, and stability of several representative systems of LFPSCs as well as the reported practical applications. Finally, the critical challenges which limit the performance of LFPSCs, and their inspiring prospects for further developments are also discussed.

scholarly journals Single Crystal Hybrid Perovskite Optoelectronics: Progress and Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng LI
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Carrier Transport ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
New Class ◽  
Hybrid Perovskite ◽  
Device Applications ◽  
Perovskite Crystal ◽  
Higher Carrier Mobility

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites, which combine the superior optical and electronic properties and solution-processed manufacturing, have emerged as a new class of revolutionary optoelectronic devices with the potential for various practical applications. Encouraged by the advantages of longer carrier diffusion length, higher carrier mobility and lower trap densities as compared to the polycrystalline counterparts’, increasing research attention has focused on preparation and optimization of perovskite crystal candidates, via using various facile growth techniques, for the development of a wide range of optoelectronic applications. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of recent advances in the field of optoelectronic technologies based on different forms of single crystals, including bulk crystals and thin ones, with emphasis placed on the optimization of crystals and the relationship among the charge-carrier transport, operation mechanism, device architecture, and device performance. First, we introduce the main methods used to prepare bulk and thin single crystals, and analyze several aspects of their properties. Thereafter, the applications of single crystals into solar cells, photodetectors, light-emitting diodes, and lasers, are discussed in depth. Finally, we summarize the challenges of perovskite single crystals and propose further improvements in the synthesis approaches and device applications.

Recent Developments on Noble Metal Based Microparticles for Their Applications in Organic Catalysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 855-869
Author(s):  
Jian-Long Liu ◽  
Bo Jiang ◽  
Guo-Zhi Han
Keyword(s):  
Noble Metal ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
High Selectivity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Organic Catalysis ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Catalytic Applications

Noble metal microparticles have been employed as desired catalysts for a number of classical organic chemical reactions due to their unique physicochemical properties. Currently, in order to obtain more benefits for practical applications such as low cost, easy separation and high selectivity, many efforts of scientists are devoted to constructing composite microparticles in which noble metals are coupled with other materials. In this paper, we summarize some recent research developments on noble metal based microparticles for their catalytic applications in organic synthesis. Among them, application of the gold and silver based microparticles is the focus of this paper for their relatively low cost and the diversity of preparation methods. Furthermore, the challenges and prospects of noble metal based microparticles for their applications in organic catalysis are also discussed.

scholarly journals Designer bioemulsifiers based on combinations of different polysaccharides with the novel emulsifying esterase AXE from Bacillus subtilis CICC 20034

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyi Tao ◽  
Junzhang Lin ◽  
Weidong Wang ◽  
He Huang ◽  
Shuang Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Emulsifying Activity ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
High Purification ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Surface Active Compounds

Abstract Background Bioemulsifiers are surface-active compounds, which exhibit advantages including low toxicity, higher biodegradability and biocompatibility over synthetic chemical surfactants. Despite their potential benefits, some obstacles impede the practical applications of bioemulsifiers, including low yields and high purification costs. Here, we aimed to exploit a novel protein bioemulsifier with efficient emulsifying activity and low-production cost, as well as proposed a design-bioemulsifier system that meets different requirements of industrial emulsification in the most economical way. Results The esterase AXE was first reported for its efficient emulsifying activity and had been studied for possible application as a protein bioemulsifier. AXE showed an excellent emulsification effect with different hydrophobic substrates, especially short-chain aliphatic and benzene derivatives, as well as excellent stability under extreme conditions such as high temperature (85 °C) and acidic conditions. AXE also exhibited good stability over a range of NaCl, MgSO4, and CaCl2 concentrations from 0 to 1000 mM, and the emulsifying activity even showed a slight increase at salt concentrations over 500 mM. A design-bioemulsifier system was proposed that uses AXE in combination with a variety of polysaccharides to form efficient bioemulsifier, which enhanced the emulsifying activity and further lowered the concentration of AXE needed in the complex. Conclusions AXE showed a great application potential as a novel bioemulsifier with excellent emulsifying ability. The AXE-based-designer bioemulsifier could be obtained in the most economical way and open broad new fields for low-cost, environmentally friendly bioemulsifiers.

scholarly journals Enhanced flexible optoelectronic devices by controlling the wettability of an organic bifacial interlayer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Soyeon Kim ◽  
Adi Prasetio ◽  
Joo Won Han ◽  
Yongki Kim ◽  
Myunghun Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interfacial Layer ◽  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optoelectronic Devices ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Interfacial Engineering ◽  
Organic Light ◽  
Organic Optoelectronic

AbstractSolution-processed flexible organic optoelectronic devices have great potential as low-cost organic photovoltaics for energy harvesting, and in organic light-emitting diodes as a lighting source. However, a major challenge for improving device performance and stability is the different interfacial characteristics of the hydrophobic organic layers and hydrophilic transparent electrodes, particularly for flexible devices. Surface wetting controlled interfacial engineering can provide a useful method to develop highly efficient flexible organic devices. Here, an unsaturated fatty acid-modified ethoxylated polyethyleneimine organic interfacial layer is designed, which is hydrophobic or hydrophilic on different interfaces. This interlayer results in a power conversion efficiency of 10.57% for rigid and 9.04% for flexible photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, the long-term air storage stability for 250 h is substantially improved, retaining 87.75% efficiency without encapsulation, due to the wettability driven improvement of the optical and electronic properties of the cathode interfacial layer. The performance of organic light emitting diodes also benefitted from the interlayer. This study provides a strategy to simultaneously improve efficiency and stability by controlling the wettability of the interfacial layer.

scholarly journals Silicon Nanoscale Materials: From Theoretical Simulations to Photonic Applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid Khriachtchev ◽  
Stefano Ossicini ◽  
Fabio Iacona ◽  
Fabrice Gourbilleau
Keyword(s):  
Nanoscale Materials ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Si Photonics ◽  
Optical Functions ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Simulations ◽  
Remarkable Progress

The combination of photonics and silicon technology is a great challenge because of the potentiality of coupling electronics and optical functions on a single chip. Silicon nanocrystals are promising in various areas of photonics especially for light-emitting functionality and for photovoltaic cells. This review describes the recent achievements and remaining challenges of Si photonics with emphasis on the perspectives of Si nanoscale materials. Many of the results and properties can be simulated and understood based on theoretical studies. However, some of the key questions like the light-emitting mechanism are subjects of intense debates despite a remarkable progress in the recent years. Even more complex and important is to move the known experimental observations towards practical applications. The demonstrated devices and approaches are often too complex and/or have too low efficiency. However, the challenge to combine optical and electrical functions on a chip is very strong, and we expect more research activity in the field of Si nanophotonics in the future.

scholarly journals Heptazine-Based π-Conjugated Materials for Light-Emitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Li Tao ◽  
Yanqing Wang ◽  
Yali Yao ◽  
Qiang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Heterocyclic System ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Conjugated Materials ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Past

On the basis of planar and relatively rigid nitrogen-rich heterocyclic system of the heptazine core, heptazine-based π-conjugated materials have aroused widespread attention over the past decade by virtue of the fascinating electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties in the fields of light-emitting, photocatalysis, sensors, environmental remediation, and so forth. However, there are still several obstacles to be solved before practical applications, such as low photoluminescence quantum efficiencies for light-emitting and weak visible absorption for photocatalysis. To further enhance various properties of heptazine-based π-conjugated materials, a series of strategies have been developed, including ingenious molecular design and modification, novel synthetic, and preparation methods. In this review, the significant progress of monomeric and polymeric heptazine-based π-conjugated materials and their applications typically in light-emitting are reviewed, which is beneficial for the acceleration of practical applications of heptazine-based materials and devices.

scholarly journals Recent Advances and Opportunities of Lead-Free Perovskite Nanocrystal for Optoelectronic Application

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Fei Zhang ◽  
Zhuangzhuang Ma ◽  
Zhifeng Shi ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Toxicity ◽  
Environmental Stability ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Optoelectronic Application ◽  
Optoelectronic Applications

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs), as a new class of light-emitting and light-harvesting materials, have recently attracted intensive attention for an impressive variety of optoelectronic applications. However, the lead toxicity and poor stability of such materials severely restrict their practical applications and future commercialization. Lead-free perovskite NCs and their derivatives, designed by the reasonable chemical substitution of Pb with other nontoxic elements, are recently booming as an attractive alternative to lead-based counterparts. In this review, we firstly present a comprehensive overview of currently explored lead-free perovskite NCs with an emphasis on their design routes, morphologies, optoelectronic properties, and environmental stability issues. Then, we discuss the preliminary achievements of lead-free perovskite NCs in versatile optoelectronic applications, such as light-emitting devices, solar cells, photodetectors, and photocatalysis. We finish this review with a critical outlook into the currently existing challenges and possible development opportunities of this rapidly evolving field.

scholarly journals Chemical Modification of Combusted Coal Gangue for U(VI) Adsorption: Towards a Waste Control by Waste Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8421
Author(s):  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Jiandong Huang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Zhongran Dai ◽  
Rongli Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Coal Gangue ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Detailed Structural Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

Uranium mining waste causes serious radiation-related health and environmental problems. This has encouraged efforts toward U(VI) removal with low cost and high efficiency. Typical uranium adsorbents, such as polymers, geopolymers, zeolites, and MOFs, and their associated high costs limit their practical applications. In this regard, this work found that the natural combusted coal gangue (CCG) could be a potential precursor of cheap sorbents to eliminate U(VI). The removal efficiency was modulated by chemical activation under acid and alkaline conditions, obtaining HCG (CCG activated with HCl) and KCG (CCG activated with KOH), respectively. The detailed structural analysis uncovered that those natural mineral substances, including quartz and kaolinite, were the main components in CCG and HCG. One of the key findings was that kalsilite formed in KCG under a mild synthetic condition can conspicuous enhance the affinity towards U(VI). The best equilibrium adsorption capacity with KCG was observed to be 140 mg/g under pH 6 within 120 min, following a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. To understand the improved adsorption performance, an adsorption mechanism was proposed by evaluating the pH of uranyl solutions, adsorbent dosage, as well as contact time. Combining with the structural analysis, this revealed that the uranyl adsorption process was mainly governed by chemisorption. This study gave rise to a utilization approach for CCG to obtain cost-effective adsorbents and paved a novel way towards eliminating uranium by a waste control by waste strategy.

scholarly journals Flux Method Growth of Large Size Group IV–V 2D GeP Single Crystals and Photoresponse Application

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Shuqi Zhao ◽  
Tongtong Yu ◽  
Ziming Wang ◽  
Shilei Wang ◽  
Limei Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Polarized Raman

Two-dimensional (2D) materials driven by their unique electronic and optoelectronic properties have opened up possibilities for their various applications. The large and high-quality single crystals are essential to fabricate high-performance 2D devices for practical applications. Herein, IV-V 2D GeP single crystals with high-quality and large size of 20 × 15 × 5 mm3 were successfully grown by the Bi flux growth method. The crystalline quality of GeP was confirmed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), Laue diffraction, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, intrinsic anisotropic optical properties were investigated by angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy (ARPRS) and transmission spectra in detail. Furthermore, we fabricated high-performance photodetectors based on GeP, presenting a relatively large photocurrent over 3 mA. More generally, our results will significantly contribute the GeP crystal to the wide optoelectronic applications.

Efficient organic manganese (II) bromide green-light-emitting diodes enabled by manipulating hole and electron transport layer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunsik Im ◽  
Atanu Jana ◽  
Vijaya Gopalan Sree ◽  
QIANKAI BA ◽  
Seong Chan Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diodes ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Lead Free ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Flat Panel Displays ◽  
Flat Panel ◽  
Inorganic Hybrid ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Light Emitting Devices

Lead-free, non-toxic transition metal-based phosphorescent organic–inorganic hybrid (OIH) compounds are promising for next-generation flat-panel displays and solid-state light-emitting devices. In the present study, we fabricate highly efficient phosphorescent green-light-emitting diodes...

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