scholarly journals A Review of the Melting Curves of Transition Metals at High Pressures Using Static Compression Techniques

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
Paraskevas Parisiades
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metals ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Melting Transition ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Melting Curves ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
Diamond Anvil

The accurate determination of melting curves for transition metals is an intense topic within high pressure research, both because of the technical challenges included as well as the controversial data obtained from various experiments. This review presents the main static techniques that are used for melting studies, with a strong focus on the diamond anvil cell; it also explores the state of the art of melting detection methods and analyzes the major reasons for discrepancies in the determination of the melting curves of transition metals. The physics of the melting transition is also discussed.

scholarly journals Feline leukaemia virus infection: A practical approach to diagnosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 831-846
Author(s):  
Regina Hofmann-Lehmann ◽  
Katrin Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Feline Leukaemia Virus ◽  
Cat Diseases

Practical relevance: Feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus of domestic cats worldwide. Cats lacking strong FeLV-specific immunity and undergoing progressive infection commonly develop fatal FeLV-associated disease. Many aspects of FeLV infection pathogenesis have been elucidated, some during more recent years using molecular techniques. It is recommended that the FeLV status of every cat is known, since FeLV infection can influence the prognosis and clinical management of every sick cat. Moreover, knowledge of a cat’s FeLV status is of epidemiological importance to prevent further spread of the infection. Clinical challenges: Diagnosing FeLV infection remains challenging due to different outcomes of infection, which can vary over time depending on the balance between the virus and the host’s immune system. Furthermore, testing for FeLV infection has become more refined over the years and now includes diagnostic assays for different viral and immunological parameters. Knowledge of FeLV infection pathogenesis, as well as the particulars of FeLV detection methods, is an important prerequisite for correct interpretation of any test results and accurate determination of a cat’s FeLV status. Aims: The current review presents recent knowledge on FeLV pathogenesis, key features to be determined in FeLV infection, and frequently used FeLV detection methods, and their characteristics and interpretation. An algorithm for the diagnosis of FeLV infection in a single cat, developed by the European Advisory Board on Cat Diseases, is included, and FeLV testing in specific situations is addressed. As well as increasing awareness of this deadly infection in domestic cats, the aim is to contribute diagnostic expertise to allow veterinarians in practice to improve their recognition, and further reduce the prevalence, of FeLV infection.

The determination of ionic transport properties at high pressures in a diamond anvil cell

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 123904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinglin Wang ◽  
Cailong Liu ◽  
Yonghao Han ◽  
Chunxiao Gao ◽  
Yanzhang Ma
Keyword(s):  
Transport Properties ◽  
Diamond Anvil Cell ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Ionic Transport ◽  
Diamond Anvil

scholarly journals Radiation attenuation by single-crystal diamond windows

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Guthrie ◽  
C. G. Pruteanu ◽  
M.-E. Donnelly ◽  
J. J. Molaison ◽  
A. M. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Neutron Radiation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Pressure Studies ◽  
Single Crystal Diamond ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Semi Empirical

As artificial diamond becomes more cost effective it is likely to see increasing use as a window for sample environment equipment used in diffraction experiments. Such windows are particularly useful as they exhibit exceptional mechanical properties in addition to being highly transparent to both X-ray and neutron radiation. A key application is in high-pressure studies, where diamond anvil cells (DACs) are used to access extreme sample conditions. However, despite their utility, an important consideration when using single-crystal diamond windows is their interaction with the incident beam. In particular, the Bragg condition will be satisfied for specific angles and wavelengths, leading to the appearance of diamond Bragg spots on the diffraction detectors but also, unavoidably, to loss of transmitted intensity of the beam that interacts with the sample. This effect can be particularly significant for energy-dispersive measurements, for example, in time-of-flight neutron diffraction work using DACs. This article presents a semi-empirical approach that can be used to correct for this effect, which is a prerequisite for the accurate determination of diffraction intensities.

Ultrasonic Sector Scanning Method in the Application of the Accurate Determination of the Concrete Bored Pile Defect Position

2012 ◽  
Vol 430-432 ◽  
pp. 1128-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
De Zhi Liu ◽  
Jian Min Ren ◽  
Yang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Engineering Practice ◽  
Large Defect ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Bored Pile ◽  
Defect Position ◽  
Bored Piles

Based on the detection of cast-in-place concrete defects of bored pile as the research object, the scale of the commonly used method for measuring the determination of the defect position, which can't determine the accurate range is very large defect location of the problem, taking the first measurement method, planing initially determined by fan scanning method to determine the accurate out concrete piles defect position method, and digging pile defect position after the actual situation comparison of verifying test, test results are accurate effect and good. In the concrete bored piles detection, the level measurement method that ultrasonic testing is generally used for measuring the location range of the defects inspects too large range , which brings the inspection people can't determine the accurate defect position , affects the normal construction. Based on the engineering practice of using level measuring method and fan scanning technique combining detection methods to solve the determination on the accurate location of the defects in concrete bored piles.

An experimental determination of the melting curves of argon and nitrogen into the 10000 atm region

1954 ◽  
Vol 225 (1162) ◽  
pp. 393-405 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Small Volume ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Steel Tube ◽  
Melting Curves ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
Very High ◽  
Small Steel

A new apparatus for measuring melting curves at low temperatures and very high pressures is described. It is essentially a combined cryostat and high-pressure intensifier connected by a single junction at room temperature. The pressure is produced in a number of stages culminating in a single intensification stroke on to a small volume of gas maintained at low temperatures in a long steel tube. Solidification and melting are detected in this tube by means of a small steel pellet, which may be moved by an external magnetiċ field when the substance is fluid. Experiments have been carried out on argon and nitrogen. The solid-fluid equilibrium line has been extended to 8250 atm at 234° K for argon, and to 9100 atm at 180° K for nitrogen.

scholarly journals Extended and accurate determination of the melting curves of argon, helium, ice(H2O),and hydrogen(H2)

2000 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 6535-6546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Datchi ◽  
Paul Loubeyre ◽  
René LeToullec
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Melting Curves

scholarly journals DNA damage is a major cause of sequencing errors, directly confounding variant identification

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Chen ◽  
Pingfang Liu ◽  
Thomas C. Evans ◽  
Laurence M. Ettwiller
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Allelic Frequency ◽  
The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Sequencing Errors

AbstractPervasive mutations in somatic cells generate a heterogeneous genomic population within an organism and may result in serious medical conditions. While cancer is the most studied disease associated with somatic variations, recent advances in single cell and ultra deep sequencing indicate that a number of phenotypes and pathologies are impacted by cell specific variants. Currently, the accurate identification of low allelic frequency somatic variants relies on a combination of deep sequencing coverage and multiple evidences of the presence of variants. However, in this study we show that false positive variants can account for more than 70% of identified somatic variations, rendering conventional detection methods inadequate for accurate determination of low allelic variants. Interestingly, these false positive variants primarily originate from mutagenic DNA damage which directly confounds determination of genuine somatic mutations. Furthermore, we developed and validated a simple metric to measure mutagenic DNA damage, and demonstrated that mutagenic DNA damage is the leading cause of sequencing errors in widely used resources including the 1000 Genomes Project and The Cancer Genome Atlas.

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