scholarly journals Efficiency of Skin Whitening Cream Containing Etlingera elatior Flower and Leaf Extracts in Volunteers

Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Nattawut Whangsomnuek ◽  
Lapatrada Mungmai ◽  
Kriangsak Mengamphan ◽  
Doungporn Amornlerdpison
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
L Value ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

Our previous research demonstrated that Etlingera elatior possesses whitening and anti-aging properties and also contains bioactive ingredients for cosmeceuticals. Therefore, this research work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of whitening cream containing both the flower and leaf extracts of E. elatior in human volunteers and their degree of skin irritation. Both the flower and leaf extracts were formulated as a cosmetic called “FL1 cream”, which was assessed for its physical properties and underwent an accelerated stability test. The FL1 cream was also evaluated for skin irritation and its skin whitening effect among 24 healthy volunteers who used it for four weeks. The FL1 cream demonstrated good physical stability under the various conditions for three months, along with six cycles of heating/cooling. The irritation analysis showed that irritation reactions were absent in all volunteers. The efficiency of FL1 cream in improving the appearance of skin whitening was demonstrated by a significant (p < 0.05) and continuous decrease in melanin content compared with the initial value. Additionally, the L* value was significantly and continuously increased after application of the FL1 cream. The highest melanin reduction was 6.67%. The FL1 cream containing E. elatior extracts can be used as a whitening cream in cosmetics.

scholarly journals Anti-Sebum Efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica L. (Emblica) Toner on Facial Skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8193
Author(s):  
Thanaroat Timudom ◽  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽  
Pratya Tiampasook ◽  
Duangporn Nacapunchai
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Preference Score ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Split Face

Oily skin is a problem for a large number of people, especially in tropical countries. This condition results in comedones, inflammatory acne, and other aesthetic problems in the skin. Emblica (Phyllanthus emblica L.) has a number of benefits for the skin; for instance, there were some studies that suggested that emblica has skin whitening effects, and anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities; however, its anti-sebum efficacy has not been reported.The objective of this research was to study the anti-sebum efficacy of emblica toner on facial skin. The toner base was formulated, accelerated stability was tested, and preferences were evaluated in 10 volunteers. The toner base with the highest preference score was mixed with emblica extract. Then, the toner base and emblica toners were assessed for skin irritation by a single patch test in 30 volunteers. The anti-sebum efficacy was conducted using the randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face method with unwashed and only-washed skin positions added to the middle of the forehead in the same group of volunteers assessed by a skin sebum measurement, SebumScale®, at 1 h before the test, once after washing, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after applying the toners on forehead and cheek skin. The stable toner base with the highest preference (85.6 ± 1.8%) was mixed with 1%, 2%, and 3% emblica extract. The toners were stable and did not cause any skin irritation. The 3% emblica toner was chosen for efficacy evaluation. The casual sebum levels of the forehead skin and cheek skin were 66.66 ± 7.01 and 56.12 ± 7.75 µg/cm2, respectively. The sebum level of the unwashed skin position changed (5.0 ± 1.66%) insignificantly up to 4 h (p > 0.05). In comparison, the sebum level of the only-washed skin position was recovered to the casual sebum level (99.4 ± 1.23%) within 3 h. Furthermore, the anti-sebum efficacy of the emblica toner (23.5 ± 1.24%) was higher than that of the toner base (12.0 ± 1.52%) (p < 0.05). The anti-sebum efficacy of emblica toner on cheek skin (26.9 ± 1.78%) was higher than that on forehead skin (20.1 ± 1.34%) (p < 0.05). In summary, the model of evaluation of anti-sebum efficacy used in this study has been found to be practical, and the emblica toner is safe and has apparent anti-sebum efficacy on facial skin.

Berberine Chloride Dihydrate Enthused Nanovesicles for the Management of Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nimisha Srivastava ◽  
Zeeshan Fatima ◽  
Chanchal Deep Kaur ◽  
Dilshad Ali Rizvi
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Chloride Dihydrate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Berberine Chloride

Background: Dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease that is affecting up to 25% of children and 1%-3% of adults worldwide. Paucity of exact cure for dermatitis and untoward side effects of topical immunosuppressive steroids has resulted into a great need for making use of complementary medicine to treat dermatitis. Objective: The present research work involved the development of Berberine chloride dihydrate (BCD) enthused nanovesicles i.e. ethosomes for the management of dermatitis. Method: Ethosomes were prepared by slight modification of cold method using varying concentrations of SPC (1-3%) and ethanol (10-40%) Optimized batch BCD 12 was further added to Carbopol 934P for gel formation. GEL BCD 12 was subjected to “anti-bacterial, dermatitis and skin irritation study. Result: The vesicles were in size range 142.42-398.31 nm while polydispersity index (PDI) ranges from 0.114-1.56 and for zeta potential it was from-18.8 to -39.4. Entrapment efficiency was from 46.05-88.79 %. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed penetration depth of rhodamine enthused ethosome across rat skin upto 110 µm which was significantly higher than rhodamine solution (10 µm). In the anti-bacterial study, BCD loaded ethosomal gel (EG) showed maximum zone of inhibition of 18.5 mm against E. coli, 14.5 mm against P. aeruginosa and 23.0 mm against S. aureus. In dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) induced mice dermatitis model histopathology study showed marked decrease in amount of inflammatory cell nucleus in mice treated with BCD loaded ethosomal gel followed by 56% and 50 % increase in ear swelling and ear mass respectively in morphology study. Conventional marketed formulation showed nominal decrease in epidermal thickness, 66.67 % increase in ear thickness and 63.64 % increase in ear mass. Further Primary irritation index was less than 0.4 indicating negligible irritation in all the groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that ethosomal gel is not only an efficient carrier for BCD but also proves its potential for the management of dermatitis.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Amoxicillin Trihydrate Lozenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Vidyadhara ◽  
RLC Sasidhar ◽  
B Deepti ◽  
E Wilwin ◽  
B Sowjanyalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Saccharin Sodium ◽  
Amoxicillin Trihydrate ◽  
Dsc Analyses

In the present investigation an attempt has been made to formulate medicated lozenges containing amoxicillin trihydrate. There are several amoxicillin trihydrate dosage forms in the market such as tablet, capsule, suspension and syrup. Still there is a need for more variant dosage forms which acts effectively and locally. The benefits of the present research work is to increase the retention of the dosage form in oral cavity for increased bioavailability, reduction in gastric irritation and bypassing first pass metabolism. The lozenges were prepared by heating and congealing method employing polyethylene glycol 1500 as matrix base, saccharin sodium (artificial sweetener), stevia (natural sweetener), xanthan gum (polymer), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (polymer) as other exciepients. The prepared medicated lozenges were characterized for drug content uniformity, hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability and dissolution by standard pharmacopeal methods. The results of the evaluation tests obtained were within the limits. Accelerated stability studies were conducted as per ICH guidelines and found that there wasn’t any substantial interaction among the drug, flavour and colour and the prepared formulations were found to be stable. Formulations were tested for drug exciepients interactions subjecting to IR spectral and DSC analyses. The results revealed that there was no major interactions between the drug and polymers used for the preparation of lozenges.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(1): 61-70, 2015 (June)

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Azadirachta indica L. on the germination of Abelmoschus esculentus L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Vaithiyanathan ◽  
M. Soundari ◽  
M. Rajesh ◽  
K. Sankar Ganesh ◽  
P. Sundaramoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Leaf Extracts

The chemical compounds have been reported to be exuded by plants and their inhibitory effects of other plants. The research work was carried out to study the allelopathic effect of root, bark and leaf extracts of Azadirachta indica L. on the seed germination of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Germination studies were conducted in laboratory, the bhendi seeds treated with the root, bark and leaf extracts of Neem. On the seventh day the morphological parameters, photosynthetic pigment and biochemical contents were analysed. The result showed that the rate of germination of bhendi decreased in all Azadirachta indica L. extracts. The reduction in biochemical contents of bhendi was also noted. The highest rate of germination was observed in control (distilled water) treatment and the highest rate of inhibition was observed in root extract followed by bark and leaf extracts.

scholarly journals Moringa oleifera L. Extracts as Bioactive Ingredients That Increase Safety of Body Wash Cosmetics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska ◽  
Dominika Furman-Toczek ◽  
Tomasz Bujak ◽  
Tomasz Wasilewski ◽  
Zofia Hordyjewicz-Baran
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Model Formulation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
Positive Effect

The work attempts to obtain a multifunctional plant extract derived from Moringa tree leaves. Obtained results indicate a strong antioxidant potential of the tested extracts. It was shown that Moringa oleifera leaf extract is a rich source of flavonoid and phenolic compounds. Furthermore, it shows a strong antioxidant activity by scavenging free radicals. In vitro toxicity studies showed that the tested extracts in concentrations up to 5% showed a positive effect on cell proliferation and metabolism and may contribute to the reduction of oxidative stress in cells. It was noted that the tested model formulation of cosmetic (1% SCS) with the addition of different types of extracts might contribute to the reduction of skin irritation and improve the safety of the product.

scholarly journals Extraction of the Metabolites from Medicinal plant Euphorbia leaf

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1257-1261
Author(s):  
Uday M. Muddapur ◽  
Aejaz A. Khan ◽  
Amal Bahafi ◽  
S. M. Shakeel Iqubal ◽  
Abdul Rahman Ikbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Phytochemical Contents ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

The antimicrobial, phytochemical contents of extracts obtained from the leaf extract of mature Euphorbia pilulifera (E. pilulifera) were examined in this research work. Using ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves of Euphorbia pilulifera, phytochemical metabolites were studied. Further using chromatography, different components were separated and its antimicrobial activity was studied. Different types of bacterial organisms were used for evaluating the antimicrobial activity. The results indicated that leaf extracts are more sensitive towards organisms. Thus the presence of phytochemicals in the leaf extract can be used for the treatment of different diseases.

scholarly journals Logam Merkuri pada Masker Pemutih Wajah di Pasar Martapura

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Dinna Rakhmina ◽  
Lisa Lisa ◽  
Jasmadi Joko Kartiko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Descriptive Method

<p style="text-align: justify;">Currently, many brands and types of skin whitening cosmetics can be found on the market. Not all products are safe for consumers. Illegal or non-licensed cosmetics from BPOM are suspect because unlisted cosmetics tend to contain harmful chemicals such as mercury (Hg). Mercury (Hg) was including harmful heavy metals. The use of mercury has been banned since 1998 through PERMENKES RI No. 445 of 1998, where mercury in small concentrations can be toxic. Negative effects of mercury such as allergies, skin irritation and permanent damage to the nervous system, kidney, brain and disrupt the development of the fetus, especially when used in high doses. The aim of this study was to know whether there is mercury content on bleach mask that sold in Martapura market in March 2017. This study used a descriptive method and the sample was taken by purposive sampling technique. There were 10 samples of face bleach mask that cost around Rp5.000,00 - Rp20.000,00. Based on the results of 10 samples taken at Martapura market, 3 samples contained mercury of face bleach mask. The conclusion of this study is that mercury still used as bleach on the facial in the Martapura market. Therefore, BPOM needs more supervision and intensive counseling about the risk of bleaching cosmetics containing mercury, so the consumer can be careful in choosing cosmetics.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Antimelanogenesis Activities of Glyasperin A From Macaranga pruinosa Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enos T. Arung ◽  
Jhonner R. Sinamabela ◽  
Enih Rosamah ◽  
Irawan W. Kusuma ◽  
Harlinda Kuspradini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
B16 Melanoma ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Whitening Agent ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Macaranga Tanarius

In our effort to find materials for drugs and cosmetics from tropical natural resources, we screened 21 methanol extracts from 7 Macaranga trees species ( Macaranga bancana, Macaranga gigantea, Macaranga hulle ttii, Macaranga pruinosa, Macaranga tanarius, Macaranga trichocarpa, and Macaranga triloba) for antioxidant and antimelanogenesis. The antioxidant and melanogenesis (tyrosinase enzyme assay and melanin inhibitor in B16 melanoma) assays were used to determine the activities. The fractionation and the isolation of active compound were done by various chomatographic methods and the structure was determined by spectroscopic analysis data. We isolated a prenylated flavonoid, named Glyasperin A, from M. pruinosa leaf. This compound showed a potency as antioxidant and inhibited melanin in B16 melanoma but not tyrosinase activity. These results showed that the methanol leaf extracts of M. pruinosa could be developed for cosmetic applications especially as a skin whitening agent.

scholarly journals In Silico Prediction of Tyrosinase and Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors from Natural Compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Pedro Fong ◽  
Henry H. Y. Tong ◽  
Chi M. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Pharmacophore Mapping ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Skin Whitening

Although many herbal medicines are effective in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, the potency of different constituents remains unknown. In this work, more than 20,000 herbal ingredients from 453 herbs were docked into the crystal structures of adenylyl cyclase and a human homology tyrosinase model using Surflex-Dock. These two enzymes are responsible for melanin production and inhibition of them may attain a skin-whitening effect superior to currently available agents. The essential drug properties for topical formulation of the herbal ingredients, including skin permeability, sensitization, irritation, corrosive and carcinogenic properties were predicted by Dermwin, Skin Sensitization Alerts (SSA), Skin Irritation Corrosion Rules Estimation Tool (SICRET) and Benigni/Bossa rulebase module of Toxtree. Moreover, similarity ensemble and pharmacophore mapping approaches were used to forecast other potential targets for these herbal compounds by the software, SEArch and PharmMapper. Overall, this study predicted seven compounds to have advanced drug-like properties over the well-known effective tyrosinase inhibitors, arbutin and kojic acid. These seven compounds have the highest potential for further in vitro and in vivo investigation with the aim of developing safe and high-efficacy skin-whitening agents.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF COSMETIC FOUNDATION USING EPIGALLOCATECHIN GALLATE AS A SUN PROTECTION

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-134
Author(s):  
EFFIONORA ANWAR ◽  
SHIFA RIZKAMIARTY
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Hen’S Egg ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Uv Visible ◽  
Skin Irritation Test

Objective: The objective of the study was to obtain a lotion foundation using epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as an active ingredient designed with asun protection factor (SPF) value around 30 that can effectively protect facial skin from ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and that is safe to use.Methods: In this study, we determine SPF value using UV–visible spectrophotometry at a wavelength between 290 and 320 nm. The preparationformula of the foundation was made with an EGCG concentration of 0.4%, a concentration which can yield the desired SPF value of about 30. Physicalstability was performed at low (4±2°C), ambient (25±2°C), and high (40±2°C) temperatures; cycling and centrifugation tests were also conducted.Safety was evaluated by eye irritation test using hen’s egg test on chorioallantois method and skin irritation test using the Draize and patch testsmethod.Results: The SPF values of 0.04% EGCG and lotion foundation containing 0.4% EGCG were 31.02±0.72 and 33.20±0.59, respectively. The results ofcycling and centrifugal tests indicated that lotion foundation showed an absence of crystals and lack of any phase separation between oil and waterphases. The physical stability test showed no significant changes for all parameters. Safety tests resulted in neither skin nor eye irritation.Conclusion: The EGCG foundation developed was physically stable with a good appearance and did not irritate the skin or eyes thus are safe to usealso can effectively protect skin against UVR exposure.

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