scholarly journals Anti-Sebum Efficacy of Phyllanthus emblica L. (Emblica) Toner on Facial Skin

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8193
Author(s):  
Thanaroat Timudom ◽  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut ◽  
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽  
Pratya Tiampasook ◽  
Duangporn Nacapunchai
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Preference Score ◽  
Phyllanthus Emblica ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Single Blind ◽  
Split Face

Oily skin is a problem for a large number of people, especially in tropical countries. This condition results in comedones, inflammatory acne, and other aesthetic problems in the skin. Emblica (Phyllanthus emblica L.) has a number of benefits for the skin; for instance, there were some studies that suggested that emblica has skin whitening effects, and anti-collagenase and anti-elastase activities; however, its anti-sebum efficacy has not been reported.The objective of this research was to study the anti-sebum efficacy of emblica toner on facial skin. The toner base was formulated, accelerated stability was tested, and preferences were evaluated in 10 volunteers. The toner base with the highest preference score was mixed with emblica extract. Then, the toner base and emblica toners were assessed for skin irritation by a single patch test in 30 volunteers. The anti-sebum efficacy was conducted using the randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face method with unwashed and only-washed skin positions added to the middle of the forehead in the same group of volunteers assessed by a skin sebum measurement, SebumScale®, at 1 h before the test, once after washing, and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after applying the toners on forehead and cheek skin. The stable toner base with the highest preference (85.6 ± 1.8%) was mixed with 1%, 2%, and 3% emblica extract. The toners were stable and did not cause any skin irritation. The 3% emblica toner was chosen for efficacy evaluation. The casual sebum levels of the forehead skin and cheek skin were 66.66 ± 7.01 and 56.12 ± 7.75 µg/cm2, respectively. The sebum level of the unwashed skin position changed (5.0 ± 1.66%) insignificantly up to 4 h (p > 0.05). In comparison, the sebum level of the only-washed skin position was recovered to the casual sebum level (99.4 ± 1.23%) within 3 h. Furthermore, the anti-sebum efficacy of the emblica toner (23.5 ± 1.24%) was higher than that of the toner base (12.0 ± 1.52%) (p < 0.05). The anti-sebum efficacy of emblica toner on cheek skin (26.9 ± 1.78%) was higher than that on forehead skin (20.1 ± 1.34%) (p < 0.05). In summary, the model of evaluation of anti-sebum efficacy used in this study has been found to be practical, and the emblica toner is safe and has apparent anti-sebum efficacy on facial skin.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Skin Whitening Cream Containing Etlingera elatior Flower and Leaf Extracts in Volunteers

Cosmetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Nattawut Whangsomnuek ◽  
Lapatrada Mungmai ◽  
Kriangsak Mengamphan ◽  
Doungporn Amornlerdpison
Keyword(s):  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Accelerated Stability ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Bioactive Ingredients ◽  
L Value ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

Our previous research demonstrated that Etlingera elatior possesses whitening and anti-aging properties and also contains bioactive ingredients for cosmeceuticals. Therefore, this research work aimed to evaluate the efficiency of whitening cream containing both the flower and leaf extracts of E. elatior in human volunteers and their degree of skin irritation. Both the flower and leaf extracts were formulated as a cosmetic called “FL1 cream”, which was assessed for its physical properties and underwent an accelerated stability test. The FL1 cream was also evaluated for skin irritation and its skin whitening effect among 24 healthy volunteers who used it for four weeks. The FL1 cream demonstrated good physical stability under the various conditions for three months, along with six cycles of heating/cooling. The irritation analysis showed that irritation reactions were absent in all volunteers. The efficiency of FL1 cream in improving the appearance of skin whitening was demonstrated by a significant (p < 0.05) and continuous decrease in melanin content compared with the initial value. Additionally, the L* value was significantly and continuously increased after application of the FL1 cream. The highest melanin reduction was 6.67%. The FL1 cream containing E. elatior extracts can be used as a whitening cream in cosmetics.

Evaluation of a human patch test for the identification and classification of skin irritation potential

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. York ◽  
H. A. Griffiths ◽  
E. Whittle ◽  
D. A. Basketter
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Skin Irritation

A Split-Face Comparison of Two Ablative Fractional Carbon Dioxide Lasers for the Treatment of Photodamaged Facial Skin

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 784-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID H. CIOCON ◽  
DENDY E. ENGELMAN ◽  
MUSSARRAT HUSSAIN ◽  
DAVID J. GOLDBERG
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Lasers ◽  
Split Face

Comparison of human skin irritation patch test data within vitroskin irritation assays and animal data

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Jírová ◽  
David Basketter ◽  
Manfred Liebsch ◽  
Hana Bendová ◽  
Kristina Kejlová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patch Test ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Animal Data

scholarly journals Logam Merkuri pada Masker Pemutih Wajah di Pasar Martapura

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Dinna Rakhmina ◽  
Lisa Lisa ◽  
Jasmadi Joko Kartiko
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mercury Content ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Permanent Damage ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Descriptive Method

<p style="text-align: justify;">Currently, many brands and types of skin whitening cosmetics can be found on the market. Not all products are safe for consumers. Illegal or non-licensed cosmetics from BPOM are suspect because unlisted cosmetics tend to contain harmful chemicals such as mercury (Hg). Mercury (Hg) was including harmful heavy metals. The use of mercury has been banned since 1998 through PERMENKES RI No. 445 of 1998, where mercury in small concentrations can be toxic. Negative effects of mercury such as allergies, skin irritation and permanent damage to the nervous system, kidney, brain and disrupt the development of the fetus, especially when used in high doses. The aim of this study was to know whether there is mercury content on bleach mask that sold in Martapura market in March 2017. This study used a descriptive method and the sample was taken by purposive sampling technique. There were 10 samples of face bleach mask that cost around Rp5.000,00 - Rp20.000,00. Based on the results of 10 samples taken at Martapura market, 3 samples contained mercury of face bleach mask. The conclusion of this study is that mercury still used as bleach on the facial in the Martapura market. Therefore, BPOM needs more supervision and intensive counseling about the risk of bleaching cosmetics containing mercury, so the consumer can be careful in choosing cosmetics.

scholarly journals Development and clinical efficacy evaluation of anti-greasy green tea tonner on facial skin

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pathompong Meetham ◽  
Mayuree Kanlayavattanakul ◽  
Nattaya Lourith
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Clinical Efficacy ◽  
Facial Skin ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation

scholarly journals In Silico Prediction of Tyrosinase and Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors from Natural Compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900
Author(s):  
Pedro Fong ◽  
Henry H. Y. Tong ◽  
Chi M. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Adenylyl Cyclase ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Skin Permeability ◽  
Pharmacophore Mapping ◽  
Topical Formulation ◽  
Melanin Production ◽  
Skin Whitening

Although many herbal medicines are effective in the treatment of hyperpigmentation, the potency of different constituents remains unknown. In this work, more than 20,000 herbal ingredients from 453 herbs were docked into the crystal structures of adenylyl cyclase and a human homology tyrosinase model using Surflex-Dock. These two enzymes are responsible for melanin production and inhibition of them may attain a skin-whitening effect superior to currently available agents. The essential drug properties for topical formulation of the herbal ingredients, including skin permeability, sensitization, irritation, corrosive and carcinogenic properties were predicted by Dermwin, Skin Sensitization Alerts (SSA), Skin Irritation Corrosion Rules Estimation Tool (SICRET) and Benigni/Bossa rulebase module of Toxtree. Moreover, similarity ensemble and pharmacophore mapping approaches were used to forecast other potential targets for these herbal compounds by the software, SEArch and PharmMapper. Overall, this study predicted seven compounds to have advanced drug-like properties over the well-known effective tyrosinase inhibitors, arbutin and kojic acid. These seven compounds have the highest potential for further in vitro and in vivo investigation with the aim of developing safe and high-efficacy skin-whitening agents.

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