scholarly journals The Harvest Coach Architecture: Embedding Deviation-Tolerance in a Harvest Logistic Solution

Computers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Daniel Macedo ◽  
René Søndergaard Nilsson ◽  
Peter Gorm Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Vehicle Positioning ◽  
System Prototype

We introduce a deviation-tolerance software architecture, which is devised for a prototype of a cloud-based harvest operation optimisation system issuing harvest plans. The deviation-tolerance architecture adapts the fault tolerance notions originating in the area of systems engineering to the harvest domain and embeds them into the Vienna developed method (VDM) model at the core of our harvest logistics system prototype. The fault tolerance supervision/execution level architecture is framed under the notion of an “harvest coach” which diagnoses deviations to the planned operations using “harvest deviation monitors” and deploys a novel “plan” (controller) that mitigates the encountered “deviation” (fault). The architecture enabled the early start of field experiments of the harvest logistics system prototype, which lead to the validation/refutation of early design stage assumptions on the diverse system components behaviours and capabilities. For instance, we casually found discrepancies in the arithmetic precision of open-source libraries used in the conversion of vehicle positioning coordinates, we assessed the maturity of the frameworks used to develop the field user interfaces, and we calibrated the level of system-operator interactivity when deviations occurs. The obtained results indicate that the architecture may have a positive impact in the context of developing systems featuring intrinsic human-driven deviations which require mitigation.

Applying User Interface-Operable 3D Digital Prototypes to Human-Centered Design of Information Appliances

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kanai ◽  
Taiga Higuchi ◽  
Yukiaki Kikuta
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Human Centered Design ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
User Test ◽  
Information Appliances ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Cad Models

One of the critical issues of realizing human centered design (HCD) for information appliances is how to efficiently find the weakness of usability of the user interfaces (UI). At present, user test is the most reliable method of evaluating usability of UI. But executing user-test costs much due to fabrication of physical prototypes, securing of test subjects and facilities and the manual-based analysis of the test results. To solve the problems, we propose a computer-supported environment for testing and usability assessment for human centered-design of information appliances in the paper. In the environment, UI-operable 3D digital prototypes can be designed and used for user tests instead of physical prototypes, and the test results can be automatically analyzed to clarify the weak points of the UI design. UI-operable 3D digital prototypes can be modeled by integrating the state-transition-based UI behavior model with 3D CAD models of the housings. A function of graphically displaying user’s operational history helps the designers identify which portions in the UI specification induce wrong operations of users. A function of indicating digital questionnaire based on cognitive walkthrough method also enables them to reveal causes of the wrong operations and to clarify point of redesign. Comparison of the test results using different types of digital prototypes showed that the proposed UI-operable 3D digital prototype could fully replace the physical prototype in early design stage.

Ontology Based Behavior Verification for Complex Systems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruirui Chen ◽  
Yusheng Liu ◽  
Xiaoping Ye
Keyword(s):  
Complex Systems ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Early Design ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Ontology Generation ◽  
Model Based Systems Engineering

Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is a mainstream methodology for the design of complex systems. Verification is a necessary part of MBSE. Although there is significant past research on verification, some deficiencies still exist, such as behavior requirement verification in the early design stage is lacking. In this study, behavior verification at the early design stage is presented. First, a unified modeling method based on SysML is proposed and some transformation rules are defined to ensure the correctness and definiteness of the ontology generation. Second, behavior requirements are classified and formalized as rules. Finally, a hierarchical behavior verification approach based on ontology reasoning is proposed. This approach is convenient for designers to use and no additional expertise is needed. A case study is provided to demonstrate its effectiveness.

scholarly journals TRACING THE EMERGENCE OF DESIGN PROBLEMS AND THEIR IMPACTS ON THE COMPLEXITY OF ENGINEERING SOLUTIONS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3229-3238
Author(s):  
Torben Beernaert ◽  
Pascal Etman ◽  
Maarten De Bock ◽  
Ivo Classen ◽  
Marco De Baar
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Fusion Reactor ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Design Problems ◽  
Nuclear Fusion Reactor ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Iterative Design ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Emergent Design

AbstractThe design of ITER, a large-scale nuclear fusion reactor, is intertwined with profound research and development efforts. Tough problems call for novel solutions, but the low maturity of those solutions can lead to unexpected problems. If designers keep solving such emergent problems in iterative design cycles, the complexity of the resulting design is bound to increase. Instead, we want to show designers the sources of emergent design problems, so they may be dealt with more effectively. We propose to model the interplay between multiple problems and solutions in a problem network. Each problem and solution is then connected to a dynamically changing engineering model, a graph of physical components. By analysing the problem network and the engineering model, we can (1) derive which problem has emerged from which solution and (2) compute the contribution of each design effort to the complexity of the evolving engineering model. The method is demonstrated for a sequence of problems and solutions that characterized the early design stage of an optical subsystem of ITER.

ISO Human-Computer Interaction Standards: Finding Them and What They Contain

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 400-404
Author(s):  
Paul Green
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
User Interfaces ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Technical Committee ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Human System ◽  
International Standards Organization ◽  
Browsing Tool ◽  
Computer Interaction

An HFES Task Force is considering if, when, and which, HFES research publications should require the citation of relevant standards, policies, and practices to help translate research into practice. To support the Task Force activities, papers and reports are being written about how to find relevant standards produced by various organizations (e.g., the International Standards Organization, ISO) and the content of those standards. This paper describes the human-computer interaction standards being produced by ISO/IEC Joint Technical Committee 1 (Information Technology). Subcommittees 7 (Software and Systems Engineering) and 35 (User Interfaces), and Technical Committee 159, Subcommittee 4 (Ergonomics of Human-System Interaction), in particular, the contents of the ISO 9241 series and the ISO 2506x series. Also included are instructions on how to find standards using the ISO Browsing Tool and Technical Committee listings, and references to other materials on finding standards and standards-related teaching materials.

scholarly journals Hospital Construction Cost Affecting Their Lifecycle: An Italian Overview

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 888
Author(s):  
Leopoldo Sdino ◽  
Andrea Brambilla ◽  
Marta Dell’Ovo ◽  
Benedetta Sdino ◽  
Stefano Capolongo
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Hospital Facility ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Components

The need for 24/7 operation, and the increasing requests of high-quality healthcare services contribute to framing healthcare facilities as a complex topic, also due to the changing and challenging environment and huge impact on the community. Due to its complexity, it is difficult to properly estimate the construction cost in a preliminary phase where easy-to-use parameters are often necessary. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an overview of the issue with reference to the Italian context and proposes an estimation framework for analyzing hospital facilities’ construction cost. First, contributions from literature reviews and 14 case studies were analyzed to identify specific cost components. Then, a questionnaire was administered to construction companies and experts in the field to obtain data coming from practical and real cases. The results obtained from all of the contributions are an overview of the construction cost components. Starting from the data collected and analyzed, a preliminary estimation tool is proposed to identify the minimum and maximum variation in the cost when programming the construction of a hospital, starting from the feasibility phase or the early design stage. The framework involves different factors, such as the number of beds, complexity, typology, localization, technology degree and the type of maintenance and management techniques. This study explores the several elements that compose the cost of a hospital facility and highlights future developments including maintenance and management costs during hospital facilities’ lifecycle.

scholarly journals Macro-Modelling of Laser Micro-Joints for Understanding Joint Strength in Electric Vehicle Battery Interconnects

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3552
Author(s):  
Abhishek Das ◽  
Richard Beaumont ◽  
Iain Masters ◽  
Paul Haney
Keyword(s):  
Joint Strength ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Structural Modelling ◽  
Laser Weld ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
Lap Shear ◽  
Battery Module ◽  
Modelling Approach

Laser micro-welding is increasingly being used to produce electrically conductive joints within a battery module of an automotive battery pack. To understand the joint strength of these laser welds at an early design stage, micro-joints are required to be modelled. Additionally, structural modelling of the battery module along with the electrical interconnects is important for understanding the crash safety of electric vehicles. Fusion zone based micro-modelling of laser welding is not a suitable approach for structural modelling due to the computational inefficiency and the difficulty of integrating with the module model. Instead, a macro-model which computationally efficient and easy to integrate with the structural model can be useful to replicate the behaviour of the laser weld. A macro-modelling approach was adopted in this paper to model the mechanical behaviour of laser micro-weld. The simulations were based on 5 mm diameter circular laser weld and developed from the experimental data for both the lap shear and T-peel tests. This modelling approach was extended to obtain the joint strengths for 3 mm diameter circular seams, 5 mm and 10 mm linear seams. The predicted load–displacement curves showed a close agreement with the test data.

A Performance Modeling Language for Automotive Embedded Control Systems Based on UML

2012 ◽  
Vol 236-237 ◽  
pp. 344-349
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Yin ◽  
Jing Xing Tan ◽  
Xiu Ting Wu ◽  
Zhi Jun Gong
Keyword(s):  
Performance Modeling ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Timing Analysis ◽  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Functional Model ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Modeling Language ◽  
Embedded Control ◽  
Early Design Stage ◽  
A Performance

To improve the timing related performance of the embedded software of automotive control system, a performance modeling language has been developed based on UML (Unified Modeling Language) using meta-modeling technique. The proposed language consists of three kinds of meta-models used to define the high-level modeling paradigms for software structure, target platform and runtime system respectively. The modeling environment configured by the proposed language and software modules of functional model importation, components allocation, task forming and timing analysis can reuse the existing functional models, add timing requirement as well as resource constraints, and fulfill formal timing analysis at an early design stage. As results, the reliability of the automotive embedded control software can be improved and the development cycle and cost can also be reduced.

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