scholarly journals The Maturing Interdisciplinary Relationship between Human Biometeorological Aspects and Local Adaptation Processes: An Encompassing Overview

Climate ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Santos Nouri ◽  
Andreas Matzarakis
Keyword(s):  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Human Biometeorology ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Urban Contexts ◽  
New Research ◽  
Adaptation Processes

To date, top-down approaches have played a fundamental role in expanding the comprehension of both existing, and future, climatological patterns. In liaison, the focus attributed to climatic mitigation has shifted towards the identification of how climatic adaptation can specifically prepare for an era prone to further climatological aggravations. Within this review study, the progress and growing opportunities for the interdisciplinary integration of human biometeorological aspects within existing and future local adaptation efforts are assessed. This encompassing assessment of the existing literature likewise scrutinises existing scientific hurdles in approaching existing/future human thermal wellbeing in local urban contexts. The respective hurdles are subsequently framed into new research opportunities concerning human biometeorology and its increasing interdisciplinary significance in multifaceted urban thermal adaptation processes. It is here where the assembly and solidification of ‘scientific bridges’ are acknowledged within the multifaceted ambition to ensuring a responsive, safe and thermally comfortable urban environment. Amongst other aspects, this review study deliberates upon numerous scientific interferences that must be strengthened, inclusively between the: (i) climatic assessments of both top-down and bottom-up approaches to local human thermal wellbeing; (ii) rooted associations between qualitative and quantitative aspects of thermal comfort in both outdoor and indoor environments; and (iii) efficiency and easy-to-understand communication with non-climatic experts that play an equally fundamental role in consolidating effective adaptation responses in an era of climate change.

scholarly journals Daylight affects human thermal perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Chinazzo ◽  
Jan Wienold ◽  
Marilyne Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Indoor Environments ◽  
Thermal Perception ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Energy Buildings ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Factor Interactions ◽  
Adaptation Processes

Abstract Understanding the factors that affect human thermal responses is necessary to properly design and operate low-energy buildings. It has been suggested that factors not related to the thermal environment can affect thermal responses of occupants, but these factors have not been integrated in thermal comfort models due to a lack of knowledge of indoor factor interactions. While some studies have investigated the effect of electric light on thermal responses, no study exists on the effect of daylight. This study presents the first controlled experimental investigation on the effect of daylight quantity on thermal responses, combining three levels of daylight illuminance (low ~130 lx, medium ~600 lx, and high ~1400 lx) with three temperature levels (19, 23, 27 °C). Subjective and objective thermal responses of 84 participants were collected through subjective ratings on thermal perception and physiological measurements, respectively. Results indicate that the quantity of daylight influences the thermal perception of people specifically resulting in a cross-modal effect, with a low daylight illuminance leading to a less comfortable and less acceptable thermal environment in cold conditions and to a more comfortable one in warm conditions. No effect on their physiological responses was observed. Moreover, it is hypothesised that a warm thermal environment could be tolerated more whenever daylight is present in the room, as compared to the same thermal condition in a room lit with electric lights. Findings further the understanding of factors affecting human thermal responses and thermal adaptation processes in indoor environments and are relevant for both research and practice. The findings suggest that daylight should be considered as a factor in thermal comfort models and in all thermal comfort investigations, as well as that thermal and daylight illuminance conditions should be tuned and changed through the operation and design strategy of the building to guarantee its occupants’ thermal comfort in existing and future structures.

scholarly journals Automated Capillary Isoelectric Focusing-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Qualitative and Quantitative Top-Down Proteomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (24) ◽  
pp. 15890-15898
Author(s):  
Tian Xu ◽  
Xiaojing Shen ◽  
Zhichang Yang ◽  
Daoyang Chen ◽  
Rachele A. Lubeckyj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Capillary Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

scholarly journals Assessment of Urban Resiliency Concerning Disaster Risk: A Review on Multi- Dimensional Approaches

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-125
Author(s):  
Tusar Kanti Roy ◽  
Sharmin Siddika ◽  
Mizbah Ahmed Sresto
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Resilience Indicators ◽  
New Research ◽  
Hierarchy Process

There have been a number of new research published with different methodologies and frameworks in recent years, aimed at improving city resilience to a variety of man-made and natural calamities. As climate change progresses, resilience will become a more important topic in scientific and policy circles that influence future urban development. This review article first provides the definition of resilience. Then it represents some of the adopted methodologies in an extensive way. Approaches including Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI), Disaster resilience index based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Composite indicator based approach, Hyogo Framework and so on. This section discusses about urban resiliency assessments to mitigate vulnerability, offer a set of principles and indicators for creating an urban resilience assessment tool. Findings of this study not only address a variety of qualitative and quantitative aspects of urban resilience but also describes about different indicators such as environmental resources, socio-economic and built environment, infrastructure, governance and institutional indicators. Journal of Engineering Science 12(3), 2021, 111-125

Is Scientific Creativity Possible in Early Childhood?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Cansu Yıldız Taşdemir
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Scientific Creativity ◽  
Early Childhood Research ◽  
Review Study ◽  
New Research ◽  
Primary And Secondary School ◽  
Research Studies

It can be stated that scientific creativity is a fairly new research topic for early childhood. Although creativity is one of the skills that are frequently discussed in early childhood research, studies dealing with scientific creativity, a type of creativity specifically related to science, are very limited regarding this period. In this review study, scientific creativity was conceptually examined and research conducted on scientific creativity with children attending primary and secondary school were included. Whether scientific creativity is possible in early childhood was examined according to a limited number of studies examining scientific creativity in this period. Additionally, based on previous studies, suggestions were given on how to support scientific creativity in early childhood.

Innovative Approaches to Synthesize Novel Graphene Materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K.M. Shafiqul Islam ◽  
Rabia Tasaduq Hussain ◽  
Melati Khairuddean ◽  
Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah ◽  
Naser M. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Allotropic Form ◽  
2D Structure ◽  
New Research ◽  
Carbon Based Nanomaterials

Abstract: Graphene is an allotropic form of carbon with a single-layer 2D structure. Graphene’s unique physical and electrochemical properties, such as its large surface area, high conductivity, robust mechanical strength, remarkable thermal conductivity, exceptional biocompatibility, and suitability for functionalization, make it a new research frontier for carbon-based nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize the different aspects of graphene, that is, its synthesis via two approaches, namely, top-down and bottom-up approaches, and discuss its new derivatives.

scholarly journals Predicting and Analysis of Phishing Attacks and Breaches In E-Commerce Websites

2020 ◽  
pp. 170-175
Author(s):  
N. Ram Mohan ◽  
N. Praveen Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Incident Data ◽  
New Research ◽  
Threat Situation

Analyzing cyber incident data sets is an important method for deepening our understanding of the evolution of the threat situation. This is a relatively new research topic, and many studies remain to be done. In this paper, I reported a statistical analysis of a breach incident data set corresponding to 12 years (2005–2017) of cyber hacking activities that include malware attacks. I shown that, in contrast to the findings reported in the literature, both hacking breach incident inter-arrival times and breach sizes should be modeled by stochastic processes, rather than by distributions because they exhibit autocorrelations. Then, I proposed a particular stochastic process models to, respectively, fit the inter-arrival times and the breach sizes. I also shown that these models can predict the inter-arrival times and the breach sizes. In order to get deeper insights into the evolution of hacking breach incidents, we conduct both qualitative and quantitative trend analyses on the data set. I drew a set of cyber security insights, including that the threat of cyber hacks is indeed getting worse in terms of their frequency, but not in terms of the magnitude of their damage.

scholarly journals Navigating the social world_July 24 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Abele-Brehm ◽  
Naomi Ellemers ◽  
Susan Fiske ◽  
Alex Koch ◽  
Vincent Yzerbyt
Keyword(s):  
Social Evaluation ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Relationship Context ◽  
Stereotype Content ◽  
Subjective Weight ◽  
Agency Beliefs ◽  
New Research ◽  
Regulation Model

Social evaluation occurs at personal, interpersonal, group, and intergroup levels, with competing theories and evidence. Five models engage in adversarial collaboration, to identify common conceptual ground, ongoing controversies, and continuing agendas: Dual Perspective Model (Abele & Wojciszke, 2007); Behavioral Regulation Model (Leach et al., 2007); Dimensional Compensation Model (Yzerbyt et al., 2005); Stereotype Content Model (Fiske et al., 2002); and Agency-Beliefs-Communion Model (Koch et al., 2016). Each has distinctive focus, theoretical roots, premises, and evidence. Controversies dispute dimensions: number, organization, definition, and labeling; their relative priority; and their relationship. Our first integration suggests two fundamental dimensions: Vertical (agency, competence, “getting ahead”) and Horizontal (communion, warmth, “getting along”), with respective facets of ability and assertiveness (Vertical) and friendliness and morality (Horizontal). Depending on context, a third dimension is conservative versus progressive Beliefs. Second, different criteria for priority favor different dimensions: processing speed and subjective weight (Horizontal); pragmatic diagnosticity (Vertical); moderators include number and type of target, target-perceiver relationship, context. Finally, the relation between dimensions has similar operational moderators. As an integrative framework, the dimensions’ dynamics also depend on perceiver goals (comprehension, efficiency, harmony, compatibility), each balancing top-down and bottom-up processed, for epistemic or hedonic functions. One emerging insight is that the nature and number of targets each of these models typically examines alters perceivers’ evaluative goal, and how bottom-up information or top-down inferences interact. This framework benefits theoretical parsimony and new research.

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